Yintoni uPhuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo? Iinjongo, ezintle kunye nezinto ezingalunganga

Imalunga nokwabiwa ngokulinganayo kwengeniso yesizwe, eyaphunyezwa okokuqala ngumongameli wase-Mexico u-Luis Echeverría ngo-1976.

Wonke ummi owayethetha iSpanish ngoku kufuneka alazi eli gama ukuze ahlalutye ngokukuko isebe elilawulayo. Ke ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni umbono wophuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo malunga nokuba yeyiphi na imimandla yehlabathi ephunyeziwe, qiniseka ukuba ufunde inqaku elilandelayo.

Phuhliso

Ixesha lokuphuhliswa liyaziwa njengenkqubo yokuvela kwindalo apho amava omntu utshintsho kumanqanaba entlalontle, omoya kunye nezoqoqosho ukuba kufuneka baphucule imeko-bume yabo, kwezinye iinkcazo inxulumene nentsingiselo yendaleko.

Ngamafutshane, loluphi uphuhliso olufuna ukukwazi ukufezekisa ukwenziwa kweendawo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umntu. Ukugqitywa kweemfuno ezisisiseko zomntu kuhambelana nemeko apho eyokugqibela ikhula khona.

Ukusuka kwimbono yobuntu, ixesha lokuphuhliswa kufuneka liphunyezwe ukubhekisa kwinkululeko ekufuneka abantu bayile ukwakha iprojekthi yabo yobomi ngokusekwe kuqoqosho nakwezentlalo ezinokwenzeka kwilizwe.

Kulapho ke, ukuba ngokwembono yezopolitiko, ukumiliselwa kwexesha lophuhliso kunokunceda okanye kwenzakalise abemi belizwe ngokuxhomekeke kubuchule obuphathwa ngalo.

Kwelakhe icala, u-Luis Echeverría, wayeneengxoxo ezilungileyo kakhulu kwithiyori yakhe yophuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo olwamvumela ukuba afikelele kubongameli kwaye akwazi ukumilisela kuqoqosho lweli xesha laseMexico.

Imodeli yophuhliso ekwabelwana ngayo

Unobangela ophambili wokumiliselwa kwesi sicwangciso sezoqoqosho eMexico yayingamaxesha obunzima elalihamba kuwo ilizwe ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-70.

Oku kwanyanzela urhulumente ukuba Ukunciphisa umda kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwesizwe kwinkonzo karhulumente, ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo ukuba lo mthetho uza kuzisa iziphumo zoqoqosho ezinkulu kwaye ubangele ubuhlwempu ngakumbi kubemi.

Ngeli xesha lobunzima, iBhanki yeHlabathi, iBhanki yoPhuculo yamaMelika aseMelika kunye neNgxowa-mali yezeMali yeHlabathi banceda amazwe asengxakini yeshumi leminyaka.

Imeko zoncedo lwala maziko yayikukuncitshiswa kwenkcitho yoluntu, ethi, njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ibangele ukuhla kwezoqoqosho, ngakumbi elo laseMexico.

Ihlabathi lokuqala lanceda uqoqosho lwaseLatin olwatya iimveliso zalo, kodwa yayingabavelisi bezinto zabo ezingavuthiyo.

Oku yanceda ukukhula koqoqosho lwaseLatin ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, ukuze ndikwazi ukuzimela kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweBhanki yeHlabathi, i-Inter-American Development Bank kunye ne-International Monetary Fund.

Ukufunyanwa kweoyile eVenezuela naseMexico kubancede bomeleza uqoqosho lwabo ekuxhatshazweni kwemveliso yabo iyonke.

Iinjongo zemodeli

Ngokuyintloko yayineenjongo ezidumileyo ezazifuna ukomeleza izivumelwano kunye neeklasi zentlalo ezahlukeneyo zabemi baseMexico, ngelixa amanye amazwe ephumeza ngokwahlukileyo iindlela zokuphepha ingxaki, IMexico, iphumeze uphuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo. Phakathi kweenjongo eziphambili zolu hlobo lwezoqoqosho zezi:

• Ukunciphisa ityala leRiphabliki.
• Ukuba uRhulumente wayenolawulo olupheleleyo loqoqosho olwahlukileyo lwabucala ukumisa nakuphi na ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho.
• Eli candelo lezabasebenzi liyinxalenye yawo onke amacandelo emveliso.
• Nika umgangatho wobomi obungcono kubemi.
• Ukwandisa inzuzo yecandelo lezabasebenzi ngokusasaza ngokulinganayo izabelo zeRiphabhlikhi.

Iinkalo ezintle

Le modeli yoqoqosho ngokuqinisekileyo ayiphumelelanga kwiinjongo ezichaziweyo ngokuphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izinto ezintle zingenziwa ezanceda uluntu lwaseMexico ngelo xesha:

• Ukuvulwa kweZiko le-INFONAVIT (iZiko leNgxowa-mali yeZindlu kuZwelonke yaBasebenzi), elenze ukuba abasebenzi bakwazi ukuthenga izindlu okanye ukulungisa ezinye esele zifunyenwe.
• Uhlengahlengiso kwezemfundo ngokusekwe ekufundeni amashishini amatsha.
• Ukuvulwa kweeyunivesithi ezintsha kunye namaziko emfundo eendaba nokwamkelwa kubo bonke abaphulaphuli.
• IsiCwangciso seSizwe seMfundo yaBadala.
• Ukufundisa iSpanish kwiintlanga ezahlukeneyo zemveli.

Imiba emibi

Ngokuqinisekileyo, le modeli yoqoqosho ayifikanga kuzo zonke iinjongo ezazibekiwe, phakathi kwemiba emibi yokuphunyezwa kwale modeli sifumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukwanda kwetyala langaphandle.
• Ukwanda kwenqanaba lentswela-ngqesho.
• Idola yancitshiswa nge-6% eyongezelelweyo.
• Kwakukho ulawulo lotshintshiselwano olwenza ukuba kunqabile imali yelinye ilizwe.

Ukusilela kophuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo njengenyathelo loqoqosho

Ngamafutshane, yayingesosiphakamiso sasisekwe kwimizekelo ephathekayo yokuqinisekisa impumelelo yayo.

Ngo-1976 uqoqosho lwaseMexico lwafikelela esiphelweni sentlekele eyonyusa intlupheko kunye nomgangatho wobomi obuphantsi kubemi.

Kananjalo uxinano lwabemi yayiyinto echaphazele ngokuthe ngqo kulawulo olujolise kulo mzekelo wezoqoqosho kutyalo-mali olwahlukileyo kunye neearhente zenkqubela phambili.

Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso ekwabelwana ngalo lwalungeyiyo into ngaphandle kwe isisombululo esibi kakhulu kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo Oko kwenza uqoqosho lwaseMexico lwelo xesha kunye nengxaki enkulu ngokubhekisele kwamanye amazwe aseLatin America kunye namatyala angaphandle ayekhula ngokwanda.

Olu phuhliso lwacebisa iinjongo ebezingafezekiswanga, ngenxa yoko ukunqongophala kweenkonzo zonyango ezifanelekileyo, ukutya, amanyathelo ezococeko kunye nezinye iinkonzo zoluntu zingunobangela wokuwa kwezoqoqosho kurhulumente waseLuis Echeverría.

Ukunxulunyaniswa norhwaphilizo kunye nemfuno yokubonelela ngezisombululo ezikhawulezileyo kwidolophu enabemi abaninzi kakhulu kunye neemfuno ezahlukileyo ezaye zacalucalucalulo ekuhlaleni.

Uqoqosho lwaseMexico

Namhlanje kuqoqosho lokuqala olukhulu kwiLatin America, isekwe kwimarike yasimahla yokuthumela ngaphandle, isiba seshumi elinesithathu ngobukhulu kuqoqosho kwihlabathi kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwemveliso yasekhaya eyi-13 trillion yeedola.

Ngaphandle kokuba luqoqosho oluzinzileyo oluvumela nabani na ukuba abe sisityebi, inyusa impikiswano yezentlalo ngenxa yentsokolo egqithileyo kunye nobutyebi obufunyenwe kuwo onke amazwe ayo, ngakumbi kwimimandla esemazantsi eMexico, bachaphazeleka ngakumbi bubuhlwempu.