Luyintoni utshintsho kulwakhiwo kunye notshintsho lwezihlanganisi

Ilizwe ngalinye lineendlela zalo zokuvavanya kubemi nakwezoqoqosho, nangona kunjalo, kukho amagama ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa ekuchazeni iinkqubo ezithi zihambe kwingingqi nganye, kunjalo kwimeko "yotshintsho lolwakhiwo" kunye "notshintsho oludibeneyo"; Zombini zisetyenziselwa ukukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zoqoqosho nezentlalo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha esele lisenzeka kwilizwe elithile.

Ukuhlalutya nzulu izakhiwo zentlalo ezichonga ukubizwa kwamagama, sinikezele inqaku elikhethekileyo lokufunda kwakho, ukwazi ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini kunye nexesha ekufuneka zenziwe ngalo ziya kukunceda kakhulu.

• Ulwakhiwo: cMasiqale ngokuchaza igama elithi "ulwakhiwo", libhekisa kwindlela ekuhanjiswa ngayo izinto ezenza into okanye imeko. Ezinye iintsingiselo zinokuncanyathiselwa kulwakhiwo lwamagama ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ehamba nayo ukwenza ingqekembe yekota, umzekelo, sinokufumana ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, ezomzimba, ezendalo, ulwakhiwo lolwazi kunye nokubhekisa kwindlela yenkxaso yemimandla eyahlukeneyo; le yokugqibela isetyenziswa kakhulu kubemi.    
• UkulungaeEli gama libhekisa kutshintsho nakwiimeko apho into ethile idlula khona, nokuba loluntu okanye uqoqosho, kodwa oko kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umntu kwaye kungenelela kwizisombululo zayo yonke imiba ebalulekileyo ebandakanya oko.

Luyintoni utshintsho kulwakhiwo?

Kwilizwe elinye, i-cAmabhongo entlalontle kwezoqoqosho anokuba lolwakhiwo okanye lokuhlangana, emva koko siyazi ngotshintsho kulwakhiwo nayiphi na inkqubo eyenziwa yinkqubo yelizwe ebandakanya uqoqosho, intlalo nenkcubeko; apho utshintsho lwexesha elide luchazwa ngokwamaxesha ahlukeneyo orhulumente omnye okanye nangaphezulu.

Utshintsho olwenziweyo lutshintsho kubudlelwane bezorhwebo, iziseko zoqoqosho, iinkonzo zoluntu kunye neengxaki zentlalo. Ngamnye kubo unokuphela okanye uyinxalenye, ethi yona iguqule ikhosi kwimbali yesizwe.

Oku kuphunyezwa xa ilizwe linokungalingani, apho iimeko ezingazinzanga ziphindaphindwayo kwaye zingafikeleli kwisisombululo esiqinisekileyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha xa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwesizwe luphunyezwa kwizivumelwano ezingenamsebenzi ezingahambelani nobunyani bayo.

Eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukuqhawuka komjikelo wexesha elizayo, kungoko "ngaphambili" kwinto enokuthi iguqulwe lilizwe.

Iqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa kwakhona koqoqosho nelizwe, ikwenza kucace gca ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwezoqoqosho lusondele.

Kwelinye icala, ngokuka-Marx, uhlengahlengiso ngalunye lolwakhiwo lukhuthazwa yingqondo, kwaye ke iyavuma ukuba iyonke ikhona kwaye ihlala itshintsha. Uluntu, indalo, uqoqosho kunye nabantu bahlala kutshintsho oluhlala lubonakala ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukuphanda ngakumbi malunga nemeko zokuziphatha zenkcubeko efanayo, ukufikelela kwi-psyche yomntu ngamnye ukufumana into esileleyo.

Ngokunjalo, olu tshintsho lunokuqalwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali, ulwaphulo-mthetho, indlala, intswela ngqesho, ukungaphuhli kwezentlalo okanye iingxaki zempilo eziphazamisa ngqo impilo yoluntu.

Umzekelo ocacileyo woku uhlobo lotshintsho olwenziwe ezizweniUbukomanisi kunye nokusebenza kancinci kokusebenza kwayo. Kuninzi lwamazwe aphumeze le nkqubo, baneengxaki zazo zonke iintlobo zamacandelo, kule ngxaki sibona indlela iSoviet Union ekumisele ngayo ukungalingani kwimimandla eyenzileyo, oko ke kwabangela isiphumo esibi sesixeshana ezaziphilwa phantsi kwale mithetho.   

Iimpawu zotshintsho kulwakhiwo

• Iziphumo zihlala ixesha elide.
• Ungabhekisa kwikota njengehlabathi.
• Yinkqubo enobuchule.
• Ayizichaphazeli ngqo izinto ezisisiseko zikarhulumente
• Ayiyiguquli imithetho ngaphandle kokuba inyanzelekile.

Yintoni utshintsho lwesihlanganisi?

Olu hlobo lotshintsho aluguquli nokuba yeyiphi na imithetho okanye izigwebo, kwicala layo, ligxininisa icandelo elinye labemi elingaphumelelanga.

Kulapho utshintsho lwendibaniselwano alunasiphumo kwiziseko ezixhasa inkqubo yangoku, endaweni yoko, ifuna ukuzigcina zingabinampembelelo inkulu kuRhulumente.

Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuguqula umba omnye okanye imiba efihlakeleyo kodwa ebaluleke ngakumbi kwikamva lesizwe, zenziwa kuphela ukuba bonke abo babandakanyekayo bayavuma ukwenza utshintsho oluthile.

Ke, ayizizo zonke iingxaki ezakhiweyo ezifuna olu tshintsho lungxamisekileyo, ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukugcina uhlalutyo olunzulu lwezinto ezigqithisileyo nezichaphazela ilizwe.

Iimpawu zotshintsho oluhlangeneyo

• Ingabhekisa kwiingxaki zendalo ezinje ngeenyikima, izaqhwithi, iinyikima kunye nezinye.
• Lutshintsho lwexesha elifutshane.
• Ijolise kwingxaki enye ukufumana isisombululo esikhawulezayo.
• Ikwagxile kumacandelo ahlukeneyo entlalo.
• Ijolise ekugcineni izinto ezisisiseko zikarhulumente, oko kukuthi, yakuba isonjululwe ingxaki, isizwe saphinda saba nemigaqo-nkqubo efanayo yokusebenza.
• Ngaphantsi kotshintsho kulwakhiwo.

Ulwakhiwo kunye notshintsho kuqoqosho

Ngokwezoqoqosho, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kuguqulwe imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Enjalo ulwakhiwo olunemveliso lwesizwe kufuneka itshintshwe ngokungxamisekileyo ukuze ingathinteli ukukhula.

Ubukho besidingo solu tshintsho kuthetha ukuba iziseko zemikhwa ethile yezoqoqosho azilungelanga iimfuno, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kunye nenkcitho yelizwe.

Kwangolo hlobo lunye, ubukho botshintsho oludibeneyo lokudibana kuthetha ukuba ulwakhiwo kunye nemikhwa yezoqoqosho yesizwe inokugcinwa, kodwa okucacileyo kukho ithuba lokulungiswa ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwalo.  

Imizekelo yotshintsho kulwakhiwo

Olu hlobo lotshintsho luchaphazela iqela liphela, ukuba umzekelo ngexesha elithile izinto zentlalo ziguqulwe ngokucacileyo njengokulawulwa kokuzalwa, uRhulumente kufuneka enze ubuzali ukuba ngeli xesha linalo ixesha lotshintsho kulwakhiwo ukusombulula ukunqongophala kokutya, okanye Endaweni yoko, yenza imveliso yelizwe ihambele phambili ngakumbi, ukuze isizwe singayi kuxhomekeka kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.

Ngaphakathi izinto eziqinisekisa utshintsho kulwakhiwo Ukuba le yimeko ebesikhe sayiphakamisa ngaphambili, ilizwe kufuneka lenze ezolimo ukuba zikhule ngakumbi, ngokufanayo imimandla yoshishino kufuneka ivelise ukutya okuninzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabemi.

Kwelinye icala, isisombululo isenokuba kukonyusa imivuzo yabantu ukuze babe nethuba elingcono lokufumana yonke into abayifunayo abantwana.

Kwelinye icala, into ethe yatshintsha ubomi babantu kwihlabathi liphela kukudityaniswa kwehlabathi, okuye kwanyanzela zonke izizwe zehlabathi ukuba ziziqhelanise notshintsho lwezoqoqosho nezenkcubeko.

Imizekelo yotshintsho lwezoqoqosho

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukunyuka kwexabiso leoyile elonyusa okwethutyana nokuba ityala lelizwe okanye imveliso ephezulu yemithombo efanayo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe elithumela kwelinye ilizwe linemfuno ephindwe kabini yelizwe elingenisa elizweni.

Olu hlobo lotshintsho, luhlala luphunyezwa kumaxesha onyaka onyulo ukwenza ubunzima bube kwimeko yaso nasiphi na isikhundla kwezopolitiko.