Ngokwemichiza le nto yaziwa njenge ethanollulwelo olungenambala olunokuba yityhefu kwaye lunokutsha, kuba lusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezinjalo, kwaye luyakwazi ukubonwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla babo bonke abantu, kuba ngezi ziselo zenzelwe ukonwaba kunye nokuphumla kwabantu.
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwabantu kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, nangona le ndlela yemveliso ayisiyiyo kuphela ekubandakanyeka kuyo i-ethyl alcohol, kuba maninzi amashishini asebenzisa le nto, kuba izinto zayo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.
Okulandelayo, icandelo lekhemikhali elaziwa njenge-Ethanol liya kuboniswa, kwaye ezinye zinokunikwa, zibonisa ukuba kwezinye zezi zinto zisebenzisa umngcipheko wokusebenzisa ezi zinto ngaphandle kolwazi olululo, okanye ulwazi olwaneleyo, zinokuphela zibi kakhulu iimeko.
Yintoni i-ethyl alcohol?
Utywala i-Ethyl ligama elaziwa ngalo ikhompawundi ethi «Ethanol», nto leyo enokuthi iphathwe ngobushushu noxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, ineempawu zalo, ezinje ngokungabonakalisi imibala, kunye nokutsha kakhulu phantsi kweemeko. vuselela.
Ukwenziwa kwemichiza kungabonisa ezinye zeziselo ezinxilisayo ezinjengeziqhamo iwayini, amanzi ashushu, iibhiya, phakathi kwezinye, ezi sele zikhankanyiwe i-CH3-CH2-OH. Yeyiphi eneempawu eziyivumelayo ukuba ingazukuphambuka (inokuxubeka) kunye namanzi, kwaye indawo yayo yokubilisa ikubushushu obuphantse babe ngama-75 degrees celcius.
I-Etymology (i-Ethanol)
Igama lale khompawundi i-Ethanol yanikwa yi-UPAC ukuba isifinyezo sayo ngesiSpanish sithetha uManyano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweKhemesti eQhelekileyo, eyavuma ukulibeka elo gama kuba inika imolekyuli eneeathom ezimbini zekhabhoni enikwa isimaphambili «Et », Ezinonxibelelwano phakathi kwazo, ngenxa yoku zincedisana ne« anus », ethi yona ithi thaca umanyano kwiqela layo, iphele ngesimamva« ol », isenza Igama lesayensi le-ethyl alcohol.
Ngo-1892, kanye eGeneva, ebiseSwitzerland, kwabanjwa inkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokuchazwa kweekhemikhali, kanye ngo-Epreli waloo nyaka igama elithi Ethanol laqulunqwa ngenxa yesigqibo ekuvunyelwene ngaso kulo msitho.
UJustus Liebig, usokhemisi waseJamani, nguye owaqulunqa isimaphambili se-ethyl kule nto namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ethyl alcohol, kuba isuka kumagama amabini aphuma kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, eyokuqala yi-ether, ebhekisa kuyo nayiphi na into amandla okonyuka komphunga phantsi kwefuthe lobushushu okanye uxinzelelo, kunye negama lesiGrike elibizwa ngokuba yi-hyle elithetha into uqobo lwayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kwe-Ethyl
I-Ethanol ineendlela ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iikhompawundi ezininzi, phakathi kwazo ibala le-gastronomic libalasele, kuba eyona ndlela iphambili yokusetyenziswa kwale nto kukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo.
Nangona le nto inemisebenzi elungileyo yokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-ntsholongwane, kuba iyinto elwa neebhaktiriya elungileyo, kwaye yona isetyenziswa njengesithinteli ukubola, okanye isinyibilikisi, konke kuxhomekeke kumzi mveliso owusebenzisayo kunye neenjongo zawo. .
Iziselo ezinxilisayo
Olona phumo lusetyenzisiweyo lunikwa i-ethyl alcohol (i-Ethanol) inje ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi ziseloPhakathi kwazo sinokuthi sikhankanye iibhiya, ii-whisky, amanzi ashushu, iirum, ivodka, i-liqueurs ezimnandi ezifana ne-amaretto, i-champagne, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi.
Ngokutsho kwe-UN, olu hlobo lwento esebenzise ingqondo luye lwafumana ezona ndawo zidliwayo ngabantu kwihlabathi liphela, kuba malunga ne-3000 yezigidigidi zabantu bayavuma ukuba bayayisebenzisa ngokungalunganga, ngengozi, ekugqibeleni okanye ngokuxhaphaza.
I petroli
Ukwaziwa njengokutshisa utywala, kuba ukuba buxutyiwe kwinxalenye ethile ye-methyl alcohol, bunokuvelisa ipetroli yokuhambisa amanzi, esetyenziswa kwiilayita.
Oku kubandakanya izinto ezizodwa ezinje nge-pyrobite eyenza ukuba ibalasele ekusetyenzisweni kwe amashishini ombane kunye nasekhaya. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethyl alcohol njengamafutha kufundwa ngakumbi nangakumbi kuwo onke amazwe athatha inxaxheba kwi-UN, kuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezicetywayo kwiprotocol yaseKyoto, equlathe ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemixube ekhokelela kwimveliso yezinto ezinobungozi indlela eyiyo.
Sebenzisa kwimizi-mveliso yamachiza
Kule mveliso inemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kuba, njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, ineempawu zokubulala iintsholongwane, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenziweni kweemveliso zokucoca, kunye nokwenza iglu kunye nokunyibilikisa.
Iimpawu zomzimba
I-Ethanol, eyaziwa kakhulu njenge-ethyl alcohol, ineempawu ezithile ezenza ukuba zibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ezinye iikhompawundi, kunye neempawu ezinokuthi zingalunganga ekusetyenzisweni komntu, phakathi kweempawu ezibalaseleyo zezi zilandelayo.
- Iyanyibilika kwizinto ezinjengamanzi, i-methyl alcohol kunye ne-chloroform
- Ithathelwa ingqalelo njengokuthambisa kwindalo iphela, kuba inokuthi inyibilikise phantse nayiphi na into, ukuba ayingabo bonke.
- Inevumba elimdaka.
- Le hydrocarbon aliphatic.
- Lulwelo olunokutsha ngokugqithileyo, ke kufuneka lusetyenziswe ngononophelo olukhulu, ukunqanda naluphi na uhlobo lweziganeko ezingalindelekanga.
- Ayinawo umbala, ke yinto engenambala.
- Inomdla okhethekileyo we-acrid.
- Kwi-chemistry ungayibona ifomula yayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: C2H5yhoo
Ubungozi be-Ethanol kuBantu
Nangona le nto yaziwa eluntwini njengenye yezona zidumileyo, idatha efundwe kwaye yaqinisekiswa yi-UN, inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu, kuyo yonke iminyaka, kugxininiswa ngakumbi ebantwaneni.
Ihlelwe ngaphakathi yengqondo, Ngaphandle kokuba neempawu ezikhobokisayo, kunokukhokelela abantu ekusebenziseni enye into ngokulinganayo okanye embi njengeyingozi, ngenxa yokungonelanga okubangela kunye nokucothisa inkqubo ye-neural.
Kukho indawo apho ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kuyabulala, hayi kuphela ngenxa yokuba sisiyobisi se-narcotic kwaye kwenza abantu bangacingi kakuhle ngezenzo zabo, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi baphulukana nengqondo, kodwa Unayo, enezinto ezinobungozi ngokwenene kumzimba.
Ukuchasana nale nto akuphucuki kubantu abadala, kuba amanqanaba ayo etyhefu aphezulu kakhulu kangangokuba umzimba awupheli uqhela kwimilinganiselo yawo. Abantwana ngabona bachaphazeleka kakhulu kule meko, kuba ngabona basemngciphekweni wamacandelo ayo, kwaye kukho iimeko zokunxila kukugubungela i-airways yabo ngamadlavu afakwe i-ethyl alcohol.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe ezi iziselo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunokuba yingozi ekukhuleni kwemveku engekazalwa, ukuzalwa kukhubazekile, ukudodobala kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka okanye izifo ezibangelwa ziziphumo ze-ethanol, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwisifo esidumileyo esibangelwa kukusela i-ethyl alcohol eyaziwa njenge "fetal alcohol syndrome.
Iidosi ezibulalayo zokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto zi-5 ukuya kwi-8kg kubantu abadala, ngelixa ebantwaneni isixa esisezantsi, siyi-3g7kg kuphela yale nto.
Amanqanaba kunye neempembelelo zeTyhefu yoTywala ye-Ethyl
Amanqanaba okuqala ukunxila kukusela iziselo ezinxilisayo Yimeko uninzi olugqithileyo kuyo, yokuba ekuqaleni ungaziva unesiyezi, okanye i-vertigo, kwaye emva koko ube nokuphila okungaqhelekanga, unemvakalelo yobukhulu ngamanye amaxesha, ngelixa ufikelela kwinqanaba lesibini ungafumana ngaphandle kolawulo imeko encinci, kwaye iintshukumo zixhomekeke emntwini.
Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abazaziyo izigaba zokugqibela zoku, kuba zimbi kakhulu, kwaye zonakalisa ubudlelwane bezentlalo, zihlala zikho emva kokuba ubunxila obungalawulekiyo buza buzigqibelele, apho iingcinga, ukuqiqa, izivamvo kunye nokuqonda komntu ziphele kwaphela, kwaye oku phantse akunakuphendula nakuphi na ukukhuthaza, kulandela inqanaba elibalulekileyo, elinokuthi kwimeko ezininzi kubangele ukufa.
Ngokubhekisele kwiziphumo zesondlo ezinokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwe-ethyl alcohol, kunokubakho i-hyperglycemia, okanye i-hypoglycemia, ezo ziinguqu kumanqanaba eswekile yegazi, kunye nokungonelisi kokutya iivithamini kunye neeminerals, ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, kunye nokungondleki ngenxa yokunqongophala kweekhalori umzimba.
Izigulana ezingazinyamezeliyo ezi zinto zinokuba neziphumo ezibi njengokufa, okanye kwiimeko ezinzulu kakhulu, izenzo ezibukhali zobuyatha, ukuzola, ukonwaba ngaphandle kwesishukumisi, ukudideka, imincili kwaye kunokubangela isiqaqa.
Ezinye iziphumo zinokuba mbi ngakumbi, kuba zinzima kwimpilo yabantu, kwaye ezi zihlala zibonakala nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kokusetyenziswa kwazo, ezinokubangela ukuphefumla kunye nokudakumba kwentliziyo, isifo se-metabolic acidosis, ukuxhuzula, ukungaqheleki kwindlela yokuziphatha nokuba awutyi Utywala i-ethyl, ukubila okungaqhelekanga kunye nokujoja, ezo mpawu zinokubulala nyani nawuphina umntu.
Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa ityhefu kakhulu?
Zininzi iimeko zabantu abatya iziselo ezinxilisayo ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye bagqibela ngokungazi nto, kwezinye iimeko banokuba zii-comyl comas.
Ukuba ngaso nasiphi na isizathu umntu owaziwayo uza kungena kula mazwe, kunyanzelekile ukuba aye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze afumane unyango oluyimfuneko, oluhlala lubandakanya ukubonelelwa ngezinongo kunye neeserum zokuhambisa amanzi ukuzinzisa imeko yabantu.
Kanye nezinye izinto ezinceda ukuhanjiswa emzimbeni ziyasetyenziswa, ezinje ngabantu abanomkhwa wokusela ubisi ukuze banciphise ubuthi, kuba olu lwelo xa lubopha utywala ngaphakathi emzimbeni lubangela ukugabha kwangoko, olunokunceda kancinci ekususeni i-ethanol emzimbeni.