Mhlawumbe igama elithi "ukungingiza" lizwakala lijwayeleka kuwe kunegama elithi "dysphemia" kepha empeleni asikhulumi ngento efanayo yize abaningi becabanga kanjalo. Abanye ababhali bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuphazamiseka kanye nokungingiza kufana, kuyilapho abanye ochwepheshe bahlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinkinga ezimbili zokukhuluma.
IDysphemia ubunzima obuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo. Lapho umuntu ehlushwa yikho, baphinda igama elifanayo noma izinhlamvu zamagama izikhathi eziningana. Banomuzwa wokuthi "banamathele" phakathi kwamagama nokuthi abakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili. Lokhu kudala ukungavikeleki okuningi nokukhathazeka komphakathi. Futhi, i-dysphemia nayo kufaka phakathi ikhefu le-spasmodic eliphazamisa ukukhuluma ngokujwayelekile.
IDysphemia noma ukungingiza
I-Dysphemia ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo okubandakanya ukuphindaphindeka kokuzithandela kwamagama nemisindo. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bakuhlobanisa nokungingiza nokungathuthuki ngaphakathi kwenqubekela phambili yokukhuluma ezinganeni. Kepha ngabe i-dysphemia kanye namalimi kuyafana ngempela?
Ukungingiza kuvame ukuvela ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala engama-3. Imvamisa ihlobene nezindaba zentuthuko, yingakho yaziwa kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe njengentuthuko yentuthuko. Ukungingiza okuthuthukayo kwenzeka ngoba ukucabanga kwengane kusebenza ngokushesha kunekhono layo lokuveza ulimi. Njengoba ingane iqhubeka nokukhula, inkinga iyaphela.
Yize i-dysphemia nayo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukungingiza, ayipheli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho ingane ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-5 ubudala futhi ubunzima bokukhuluma buqhubeka, khona-ke angaba ne-dysphemia. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono, ake sikhulume ngazo zombili ngendlela ehlukile.
I-Dysphemia
Esimweni sayo sokuqala, I-dysphemia ikhiqiza ushintsho enkulumweni ezingeni lezinzwa nangokwazi ukukhuluma. Kamuva, umuntu othintekile, ebona imiphumela yenkinga yale nkulumo emvelweni nasemiphakathini yezenhlalo, uqala ukuzizwa engavikelekile futhi ezethemba. Umsebenzi wengqondo ubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukubiza amagama ngoba uma umuntu ethuka noma emnikeza ukukhathazeka komphakathi, inkinga iba yimbi.
Ngingingiza
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amalimi abhekisa ekuphindaphindweni kwamaqoqo nemisindo, kanye nokwandiswa kwawo. Kulokhu, ukuphinda nokuma kuvela lapho kunesigqi esinqamukile. Njengoba ukuthintitha cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhlobene nokukhula kwengxoxo kwengane, kuvame ukuzihambela ngokwakho. Ngakho-ke, 1 kuphela ezinganeni ezingama-20 ezigcina ukungingiza kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziphenduke i-dysphemia. Iningi likwazi ukukunqoba ngesikhathi sobusha.
Izinhlobo ze-dysphemia
Yize abanye ochwepheshe bebheka ukuthi ukuthintitha kanye ne-dysphemia kuyafana, yize kunezimo ezihambisanayo kwehlukile njengoba kukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kumuntu othintekile. Izimpawu ziyefana kepha ubude besikhathi buhlukile, ngokungingiza okwesikhashana kanye ne-dysphemia kwenzeka noma ngabe umuntu othintekile nobusha bakhe. FUTHIKunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-dysphemia, okulandelayo okuyaziwa kakhulu:
- I-dysphemia yeTonal. Kulolu hlobo lwe-dysphemia, kwenzeka lapho ukuhamba kwenkulumo kuphazanyiswa yi-spasms. Ubuso bomuntu buqinisa ukuqonda ngalezi zinhlungu nobunzima obulethwa kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu one-tonal dysphemia akakwazi ukulawula kahle ukunyakaza komhlathi.
- I-Clonal dysphemia. Kuyisimo sezakhi zofuzo futhi sibizwa ngokuthi yi-clonal ngoba amalunga ayaphindwa ngaphambi kokuqala umusho noma lapho uqhubeka nawo. Akukho ukungezwani okulula yize ama-spasms anciphisa inkulumo.
- I-dysphemia ye-Tonalclonal noma exubile. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi lwenzeka ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule.
Izimbangela
Ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ezithonya i-dysphemia yilezi:
- Ubulili. Kwenzeka kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane.
- Izakhi zofuzo. Amawele aqhamuka eqandeni elilodwa nasesidoda maningi amathuba okuthi omunye wabafana abe ne-dysphemia. Uma iwele elifanayo linenkinga yokukhuluma, enye ingane izoba namathuba angama-77% okuba nayo.
- I-Psycholinguistics. Njengoba izingane ziqala ukukhuluma, kungaba nzima ngabo ukuhlobanisa incazelo negama elibhalwayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima enganeni ukubiza igama futhi kuphazamise ukukhuluma ngokushelelayo.
- Ukuhlukumezeka. Isimo esingelapheki noma esinde sokungezwani singadala ne-dysphemia. Ukufaka ingcindezi enganeni ukuze ibize kahle kungabuya.
Izimpawu
Imvamisa ivela phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yempilo yengane futhi imvamisa iqondana nolimi olukhulunywayo, lapho ingane iqala ukwenza imisho. Isigaba sokuqala se-dysphemia singenzeka eminyakeni yobudala emithathu, noma kunjalo kulesi sikhathi kuvame ukuba nobunzima obujwayelekile bokukhuluma kahle ulimi.
Kungaleso sikhathi, kusukela eminyakeni engu-5, lapho i-episodic dysphemia ivela neziqephu zokungingiza ezithinta ukukhuluma kahle kwengane ngendlela efanele. Uma ngemuva kokuthi ingane isineminyaka eyishumi iqhubeka nale nkinga lapho-ke ibhekwa njenge-dysphemia ehlala njalo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu zokufuna usizo oludingekayo ngokushesha okukhulu:
- Ukubonakaliswa kwezilimi. Ulimi olungasasebenzi, inkulumo engahlangani, nemisho engaphelele. Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana phakathi kolimi nomcabango.
- Ukubonakaliswa kokuziphatha. Uzwa ukukhathazeka nokungazethembi okuningi lapho ukhuluma noma uxhumana nabanye abantu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ingane ingazizwa icindezelekile ukuba ikhulume ngoba lapho-ke lokho kungamane kubhebhethekise inkinga.
- Ukubonakaliswa komzimba. Umuntu othinteke nge-dysphemia futhi angaba ne-tics yezinzwa, izimpendulo ze-psychogalvanic, spasms, hypertension, njll.
Ukwelapha
Uma wena noma izingane zakho unezimpawu ze-dysphemia, kungcono ukufuna usizo kochwepheshe ngokushesha okukhulu. Uchwepheshe uzoba nesibopho sokusungula uhlelo lokwelapha nokuvikela le nkinga. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka inhlanganisela yamasu alandelayo:
- Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo
- Ukwelashwa kwengqondo
- Ukuphumula kwemisipha
- Ukulawulwa kwezwi
- Ukulungiswa kwegama
Ngokwelashwa okuhle njalo, inkulumo ingathuthukiswa kakhulu, kungenzeka nokuthi umuntu angakwazi ukukhuluma kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokukhathazeka noma ukwethuka. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abane-dysphemia banakekelwe, basizwe, futhi baqonde emindenini nakubangane babo.