Izinkinga zomphakathi ukuphazamiseka noma ukuphazamiseka okuthinta umphakathi ngqo, okufanele isisombululo esibandakanya ukusebenzisana komuntu othintekayo, ngisho nama-ejenti afana nohulumeni, okunguyena obeka imithetho ukuze lolu hlobo lodlame lungabi khona. .
Lezi zikhona kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba, ngoba akekho okhululiwe kuzo, yize ubukhona bezinkinga zenhlalo buqashelwe kakhulu emiphakathini yamaLatin ezwekazini elisha, kusukela enkabeni kuya eningizimu yeMelika.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalo?
Izinga eliphezulu lobugebengu, ukuntuleka kwentuthuko yezenhlalakahle maqondana nezindlu, ukusweleka kokudla, ukuphathwa kabi kukahulumeni okuholela enkohlakalweni nasekusebenziseni kahle imithetho, amazinga aphansi emfundo, phakathi kokunye, izinkinga ezinkulu zenhlalo ezingatholakala kuyo yonke iLatin America.
Yize lokhu kubonakala kakhulu kwamanye amazwe ngaphezu kwamanye, akekho noyedwa wabo owayesohlwini. Njengamanje kunamazwe anezinkinga ezinkulu kangangoba aze ahlukaniswa njengezinkinga zosizo, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabi kwemithetho kanye nokuphathwa kabi kohulumeni.
Ngokuyinhloko, izinkinga zomphakathi zivela lapho umkhakha noma inani labantu ezweni abakwazi ukufeza abakudingayo ukuze baphile, ukudala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, lapho labo ababhekene nokuthola isisombululo kunguhulumeni nombuso.
Kulezi zinsuku, izinkinga eziningi zenhlalo ebezibonakala zingenangozi ngaphambili zikhuphukile, kepha eminyakeni edlule ziye zanyukela emazingeni namuhla abonakala engenakwenzeka ukuwahlula, yize lokhu futhi kudale ukuthi amaqembu amaningi angewona ombuso athathe izinyathelo ngokumelene nalokhu, esebenza nemikhankaso ezama ukwenza umphakathi wazi ngobucayi bezinkinga.
Phakathi kwezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu futhi eziyinhloko eziye zaqashelwa kakhulu ngekhulu lama-XNUMX kungatholakala okulandelayo:
Ukungcola
Eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule ushintsho olukhulu lubonakele emkhathini womhlaba, obangelwe yi ukungcola kwabantu emvelweni, kubangela izinkinga ezinkulu emphakathini, cishe ngayo yonke imiqondo, ngoba kuthinta izindawo ezihlala imiphakathi futhi zihlalisane, kuzilulaze futhi kuvimbele abantu ukuthi bahlale kulezo zindawo.
Ngokufika kwezinto zokwenziwa, kube nokuwohloka okukhulayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuthi abantu bebengawazi kahle umphumela obangelwa yiplanethi.
Le nkinga idale ngisho ungqimba lwe-ozone, okuyilona olunezimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuvikela izidalwa emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ekhishwa yilanga, eyingozi kakhulu empilweni yezidalwa ezihlala emhlabeni futhi ngokufanayo ngokujwayelekile .
Emazweni aseLatin America, le nkinga iye yaphawulwa ngevolumu enkulu, ngenxa yokuthi akubanga khona ukuphathwa okuhle yizifundazwe kanye nohulumeni, okuvumela imfucuza eyenziwe ngabantu abafanayo ukuba ibekwe ezindaweni ezingafanele, okwenza izindawo eziluhlaza zilahleke nezindawo ezivamile zesifunda.
Yize engxenyeni yomhlaba le nkinga enkulu ilwelwa, maphakathi naseningizimu yezwekazi laseMelika izinyathelo ezidingekayo azikathathwa ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa, ngoba ayithathiwe ngobucayi obudingekayo.
Ubumpofu
Ubumpofu buchazwa njengesimo umuntu noma umphakathi wonke ongadlula kuso maqondana nesimo sabo sezomnotho nezenhlalo, lapho akunakwenzeka ukuthola izinzuzo ezithile eziyisisekelo, okufana nobhasikidi wokudla, okuyiwona ohlinzeka ngokudla okunikeza amakhalori adingekayo ukusekela impilo enempilo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobumpofu, ngoba kokunye ukungabibikho kwemfundo, amanzi okuphuza, okokwembatha, ikhaya, phakathi kwezinye izidingo eziyisisekelo, kungabonakala.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zobumpofu ziwumphumela wokuvalelwa ngaphandle emaqenjini athile abantu, kubancishe ithuba lokuthola imisebenzi engabanelisa ukuze bathole impilo ehloniphekile.
Emazweni aseLatin, ukukhula okubonakalayo kobuphofu kuye kwabonwa eminyakeni edlule, ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi kohulumeni, abangakwazi ukudala izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa noma imisebenzi ehloniphekile yalaba bantu, futhi kwezinye izimo, yebo Bayakwenza kodwa bagcina beshiye sebenza maphakathi, uphoqa abantu ukuthi basebenzele imiholo ephansi kakhulu abangaziboni izibonelelo zayo.
Ubumpofu yinkinga yezenhlalo enamandla kakhulu, ngoba abanye bayabandakanyeka kukho, ngoba ukuntuleka kwemikhiqizo ethile eyisisekelo yabantu abathile kubangela imizwa yobubi, ngenxa yokukhishwa komphakathi.
Izindawo zokuhlala
Le nkinga idalwa yile echazwe ngenhla, ngoba, njengoba abantu bengenazo izinzuzo ezidingekayo kwezomnotho, ezimweni eziningi kunzima kubo ngisho ukuthenga ukudla ukuze baphile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi batholele ikhaya labo imindeni.
Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin izinhlelo zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka izindlu mahhala kubantu abazidingayo, kepha ezimweni eziningi zilethe imiphumela emibi, ngenxa yokwakheka kabi nokwakhiwa kwazo.
Ubugebengu
Enye inkinga yomphakathi enobungozi obukhulu ehambisana nobuphofu, ngoba abantu abaningi bazithola bengakwazi ukunikeza izihlobo zabo izinzuzo eziyisisekelo njengokudla, okokwembatha noma ikhaya elihle, bayazivumela ukuthi bathathwe ngamathonya amabi yenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni okungaba nemiphumela emibi impela.
Kunamazwe aseLatin America lapho imithetho inganakwa ngokuphelele, bese kuthi yona ithathwe yizakhamizi uqobo, zijezise izigebengu ezikwazi ukuzibamba ngezijeziso ezinzima, kube ukwehla emphakathini, ngoba lokhu kuthathwa njengezenzo ze-anarchic.
Le yinkinga yezenhlalo engabonakala emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kungebona abantu abanezinsizakusebenza eziphansi kuphela abenza ubugebengu, kukhona nabanobugovu abafuna ukuthola ingcebo ngezindlela ezilula nezingazami kulokho abahlela ukuphanga okukhulu kuze kube izinkampani.
Ubugebengu buletha nezinkinga ezinjengolaka, ukubulala, ukudlwengula, ukuphathwa kabi, ukunganakwa nazo zonke izenzo ezimbi ezijeziswa yimithetho ejwayelekile.
Ukungasebenzi
Ukushoda kwamathuba emisebenzi kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu emphakathini, ngakho-ke lokhu kubangela ukungajabuli emphakathini futhi kungaholela ebulelesi, ngoba imisebenzi ingumthombo oyinhloko wemali engenayo wanoma imuphi umndeni ohlala ezweni.
Le yinkinga okungatholakalanga sixazululo kuyo emazweni amaningana aseLatin America, futhi ikakhulukazi njengoba manje isibalo sabokufika sesikhule ngenxa yezinkinga zepolitiki emazweni aseduze, okudala ukwanda kwabantu nokwakha isidingo esikhulu semisebenzi.
Ukukhishwa nakho kufakiwe kulokhu, ngoba imikhakha ethile yomphakathi incamela ukungawamukeli umsebenzi weminye imikhakha abacabanga ukuthi ungabukeka umubi, kubangele imizwa engemihle ngokuphelele engabathinta ngendlela embi kakhulu ngokuzayo.
Inkohlakalo
Leli ligatsha lobugebengu, ngoba limayelana nezinhlangano zezepolitiki noma zombuso ezingahambisani nemithetho ebekwe yibo, phakathi kwazo lapho izinhlaka ezivela ezindaweni eziningi, njengosopolitiki, kanye namaphoyisa, zingabonakala zibandakanyekile.
Inkohlakalo ichazwa njengaleso senzo senkohlakalo, lapho abantu abaphethe inkampani noma umbuso, bekhohlisa futhi basebenzise amandla abanikezwe wona ukuzuza ngokungemthetho.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwabonwa emazweni aseLatin indlela inkohlakalo eye yaqhubekela ngayo emazingeni adlulele, yize ngendlela efanayo iye yafuna ukulwa nayo, kodwa njengobugebengu kubonakala kuyinkinga enzima emphakathini ukuqeda, ngoba iningi lalabo abanabo izikhundla kuhulumeni bangabantu abanezinhloso ezimbi.
Imfundo Engalungile
Kwamazwe amaningi kulawa ukungabikho kwemfundo Ngenxa yezinkinga eziningi zenhlalo ezilethwe lapha, ngoba kunemindeni ethola ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhokhela imfundo enhle.
Yize ezikhathini eziningi izikhungo zomphakathi zivivinyiwe, lapho bonke abantu abazimisele noma abafisa ukuthola imfundo enhle, bengayithola ngaphandle kokuzibophezela ekukhokheni, kuye kwabonwa ukuthi ngenxa yenkohlakalo nobugebengu, cha kuphumelele indlela enhle.
Akuwona wonke amacala amabi, ngoba kunabantu abafuna ngempela ushintsho, futhi banikela ngesikhathi sabo ukuze bazithuthukise, bafunde futhi banikele emphakathini, kepha empeleni leli phesenti liphansi kakhulu ezinkomba.
Imfundo embi ingaletha izinkinga zomphakathi ngokuzayo njengobugebengu, ukungasebenzi, ubuphofu phakathi kwabanye, ngoba namuhla izinkampani zifuna kakhulu lapho ziqasha, ngakho-ke zicela njengesidingo sokuthi abasebenzi okungenani babe neziqu zemfundo eyisisekelo ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza.
Umlutha
Izinkinga zivame ukuletha izinkinga eziningi, ngakho-ke ukuntuleka kwemfundo, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ubugebengu, nokunye kungaholela emikhubeni emibi, njenge ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwaZonke izinhlobo, kungaba yizidakamizwa noma utshwala ngokweqile okungaba yingozi empilweni yomthengi, nakulabo abaseduze kwakhe.
Iningi lezigilamkhuba zitholakale zithatha isenzo esinolaka kakhulu ngemuva kokudla noma iyiphi yalezi zinto, ngoba zivimbela noma imiphi imizwa yozwela.
Emazweni aseLatin America inani elikhulu lokugeleza kwalezi zinto libonwa ngokukhulu ukukhathazeka, kunezilimo ezinkulu zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ingqondo nomzimba ungene esifubeni, kanye nasemalabhorethri enzelwe ukudala izinto zokwenziwa kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni.
Kunososeshini abaningi abavumelene ngokwakha imikhankaso emelene nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwalolu hlobo lwezinto, bezama ukuqwashisa ngengozi abayithwele, futhi kwezinye izifunda kubekwe imithetho ikakhulukazi emabhokisini kagwayi lapho kukhonjiswa khona izithombe zezifo ukuthi imikhuba yokubhema ingadala umuntu.
Ukungondleki
Ngenxa yobumpofu obedlulele, kuvela le nkinga enkulu yezenhlalo, eletha nokufa okungafanele kwabantu abaningi, ngokungadli noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla isikhathi eside.
Amazwe aseLatin ahlushwa kakhulu yimiphumela yokungondleki kahle kweningi labantu abakhona njengamanje, yize amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungondleki angabonakala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika lapho kubonakala khona izimo ezingenabuntu ngokuphelele.
Ukungondleki akuyona nje kuphela imiphumela yokungadli ukudla okuningi, kepha futhi kuhlobene nohlobo lokudla okudliwayo, ngoba ukuze ube nokudla okunomsoco omuhle kufanele udle zonke izingxenye zepiramidi yokudla, ushintshana phakathi kwamaprotheni, amafutha, ama-carbohydrate, amaminerali, amavithamini kanye nazo zonke izinto umzimba odinga ukukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo ofanele.
Kwamanye amazwe aseLatin i ukushoda kwemikhiqizo yebhasikidi yokudla eyisisekelo, okuholele ekutheni abantu abahlala emazweni athile bangatholi kalula lezi, kudingeke ukuthi badle ezinye izinhlobo zokudla ezimweni eziningi ezingakwazi ukunikeza izakhi zomzimba ezidingekayo.
Ubudlova
Lolu hlobo lwenkinga yezenhlalakahle seluthinte isikhathi eside yonke imiphakathi emhlabeni, yize imithombo yezindaba iguqukile kube lula ukubona ukuthi ithathe kanjani amafomu amasha.
Udlame lunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene lapho kubhekwa izinga lokuhlukumezeka ukuthi isisulu sezenzo ezinjalo lingabhekelelwa.
Udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane lube ngolunye lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo emhlabeni wonke namuhla, ngenxa yezinhlangano ezinkulu zabesifazane, ezenqaba ngokuphelele imicabango yobulili, ngoba lokhu kuholele ekutheni babandlululwe futhi baphathwe kabi ngaphandle kokufaka unswinyo olusemthethweni kubahlukumezi.
Njengamanje kukhona uhlobo lodlame oluthathwa njengobuxhwanguxhwangu, okuwukuhlukumeza abantu, kubenze bazizwe benqatshiwe futhi behlekisa ngezici zabo ezihlukile, lokhu sekudlulele nasemazingeni e-cybernetic, lapho abahlukumezi benza ngokuhlasela ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi, bethuka futhi behlekisa abanye abantu noma ngabe babathinta kanjani abanye.
Le yinkinga yezenhlalakahle etholakala emhlabeni wonke, yize emazweni aseLatin America ibonakele ngokujwayelekile, ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuphuza ngokweqile nokuluthwa yizidakamizwa, okudale ukuhlukunyezwa komndeni ngisho nabantu ongabazi.
Lezi zinhlobo zezenzo zivame ukujeziswa ngumthetho, ngoba abantu abanodlame ezimweni eziningi bangaze babangele nokufa kulabo abahlukunyeziwe.
Indlela esheshayo yokuxazulula lezi zinhlobo zezinkinga ukwenza ukuthi imiphakathi nohulumeni basebenze ngokubambisana, omunye asebenzise imithetho nezijeziso ezidingekayo ekulandeleni okuyikho izinkambiso eziholela enhlalakahleni yomphakathi, nomphakathi okuqondayo lokho yize kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ezikhona , intuthuko yabo izoba ngcono, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bazokwazi ukuguquka babe umhlaba okhiqiza kakhulu.