Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho ukhulume nawe nge-ergonomics ngesinye isikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukwazi ngalokhu ukuze ube nokuma okuhle kokubili empilweni yakho yangasese nasempilweni yakho yomsebenzi. Kepha akudingekile kuphela ukuma kwakho, uma wazi okuningi ngalesi sihloko uzokuqonda ukubaluleka kwaso.
I-Ergonomics inqubo yokwakha noma yokuhlela izindawo zokusebenza, imikhiqizo, kanye nezinhlelo ezihambelana nabantu abazisebenzisayo. Iningi labantu lizwile nge-ergonomics futhi licabanga ukuthi linokuthintana nezihlalo noma ukwakheka kwezilawuli nezinsimbi ezisemotweni, futhi ... kepha kungaphezulu kakhulu.
Yini i-ergonomics
I-Ergonomics kusebenza ekwakhiweni kwanoma yini ehilela abantu: izindawo zokusebenza, ezemidlalo nokungcebeleka, ezempilo nokuphepha. Igatsha lesayensi elihlose ukufunda ngamakhono omuntu kanye nokulinganiselwa, bese usebenzisa lokhu kufunda ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana kwabantu nemikhiqizo, izinhlelo, nezindawo.
Ihlose ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo ukunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala noma ukulimala. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buguquka, sinjalo nesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi esiwasebenzela ukusebenza, ukuphumula, nokudlala enzelwe izidingo zemizimba yethu.
Kungani i-ergonomics ibalulekile?
Izindleko ze-ergonomics empofu emsebenzini ziyafana nokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi nezifo. Ubuhlungu obuphansi emuva ukukhubazeka okuvame kakhulu emsebenzini, okuthinta abasebenzi emahhovisi, ezindaweni zokwakha, futhi esigabeni esinobungozi kakhulu, ezolimo.
I-Ergonomics ihlose ukwakha izindawo zokusebenzela eziphephile, ezikhululekile nezikhiqizayo ngokufaka amakhono omuntu kanye nemikhawulo ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokusebenza, kufaka phakathi usayizi womzimba, amandla, ikhono, isivinini, amakhono wezinzwa (umbono, ukuzwa), kanye nesimo sengqondo somuntu ngamunye.
I-Ergonomics kubantu asebekhulile
Emphakathini wanamuhla emhlabeni jikelele, inani labantu asebekhulile landa minyaka yonke, into ejwayelekile kwazise kunempilo engcono futhi abantu banethuba lokuphila isikhathi eside futhi bajabulele ukuguga nokuguga ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
Ngalokhu, imishini, izinsiza kanye nezinhlelo kuzodingeka zenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zabantu asebekhulile, ukufaka izicelo zezithuthi zomphakathi, izakhiwo zokwakha nezindawo zokuhlala.
Isebenza kanjani i-ergonomics?
I-Ergonomics igatsha lesayensi elisha eliqhakambise iminyaka engu-50 ngo-1999, kodwa lithatha ocwaningweni olwenziwe kwezinye izindawo eziningi zesayensi ezindala nezisunguliwe, njengobunjiniyela, i-physiology, ne-psychology. Ukufeza ukwenziwa okuhle kakhulu, Ama-ergonomists asebenzisa idatha namasu avela emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene:
- I-Anthropometry: ubukhulu bomzimba, ubujamo; abantu nokuhluka
- Ama-Biomechanics: imisipha, ama-levers, amandla, amandla
- I-physics yemvelo: umsindo, ukukhanya, ukushisa, amakhaza, imisebe, ukudlidliza, amasistimu omzimba: ukuzwa, ukubona, ukuzwa
- I-psychology esetshenzisiwe: ikhono, ukufunda, amaphutha, umehluko
- I-psychology yezenhlalo: amaqembu, ukuxhumana, ukufunda, isimilo
Izingozi ze-ergonomics ezimbi
Ama-ergonomics amabi awafani nokuklama okungalungile. Ngokuklanywa, i-ergonomics ingenye yezinto eziningi ezidinga ukunakwa. I-Ergonomics kumele ilinganiswe nezinye izinto ezifana ne-aesthetics (ukuthi umkhiqizo ubukeka kanjani), imakethe (lokho abantu abafuna ukukuthenga), kanye nesabelomali, esinganquma ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha nezinto ezisetshenziselwe ukuyakha.
I-ergonomics empofu ichaza ukuntuleka kobunye phakathi kwemvelo, umsebenzi kanye nemishini. Isihlalo sokudla esiqondile, ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka singathathwa njenge-ergonomic, kepha endaweni efanele, njengegumbi lokudlela elingajwayele ukusetshenziswa, liwenza kahle umsebenzi. Esimeni sehhovisi lapho abantu badinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside, uhlobo olufanayo lwesihlalo lungadala izinkinga ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesixhaso se-lumbar kanye ne-stiff, static angle.
Ukulimala okuvamile kwe-ergonomic
Okulandelayo sizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukulimala okuvame kakhulu kwe-ergonomic kubantu abangakubheki lokhu empilweni yabo yansuku zonke.
- I-Carpal tunnel syndrome. Kubangelwa ingcindezi kwi-nerve meridian, egijima isuka ehlombe iye ezandleni futhi ivame ukubangelwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwegundane nekhibhodi.
- Ama-cyst ama-Ganglion Isigaxa ngaphansi kwesikhumba (imvamisa esihlakaleni) sivame ukubangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwejoyinti okuholela ekuvukeleni.
- Isifo sikaRaynaud. Ukunikezwa kwegazi okulinganiselwe nokuba ndikindiki kwezinye izindawo zomzimba, kwesinye isikhathi kubangelwa ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo.
- I-tendonitis. Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma ukuvuvukala, okuvame ukubangelwa ukuma okuphindaphindayo nokungahambi kahle.
- Izinkinga ezisezingeni eliphansi Kungabangelwa noma kwenziwe kubi ngokuhlala isikhathi eside ekumeni okungahambi kahle, ukuphakamisa, ukusonta nokugoba.
- Ezinye izifo zemisipha (MSD). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusethwa kahle nokusetha indawo yokusebenza kungaholela ezinkingeni ngemisipha, izinzwa, imithambo yegazi, imigqa, nemisipha.
Izici nezinhlobo ze-ergonomics enhle
Okulandelayo sizokhuluma nawe ngezimpawu nezinhlobo zama-ergonomics amahle ukuze ngale ndlela ukwazi ukukusebenzisa empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke ungaba nokuma komzimba okungcono futhi yini okubaluleke kakhulu ... Uzoqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini i-ergonomics.
Njengoba sonke sichitha isikhathi esiningi kangaka emsebenzini, kubalulekile ukuthi abaqashi bathuthukise ama-ergonomics amahle. Ngenkathi ukuthenga imishini efanele ye-ergonomic kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile, akusona ukuphela kwesixazululo. Yini enye, Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela emsebenzini, kepha kusebenza nasempilweni yakho yangasese neyansuku zonke.
- Ithimba. Udinga okokusebenza okufanelekile ukuze umzimba wakho ume kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukucushwa kwendawo yokusebenza. Ukusetha isiteshi sakho sokusebenzela kubaluleke njengokuthola imishini efanele. Ukucushwa kumayelana nokubeka imishini ekuphakameni okulungile, i-engeli nebanga lezidingo zomsebenzisi.
- Ukuhamba njalo. Isihluthulelo sempilo enkulu nokukhiqiza emsebenzini noma empilweni yomuntu siqu ukuthola ibhalansi ephelele phakathi kokuhamba, ukuma nokuhlala. Isibonelo, okuhle ukuchitha imizuzu engama-20 uhleli, imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili umile, nemizuzu emibili uhamba noma wolula.
Isimo esihle
Abantu bavame ukubukela phansi ukubaluleka kokuma okuhle. Sonke siyazi ukuthi ukuma kabi, njengokuwa nokuthambeka, kungadala izinhlungu, izinhlungu, nokulimala, kepha ukuma kuyaziwa ukuthi kuthinta indlela esizizwa ngayo, esicabanga ngayo, futhi esiziphatha ngayo. Ucwaningo oluthile luthole lokho Ukuma okuhle kungasisiza sizizwe sihle futhi sikhumbule izinkumbulo ezinhle kalula.
Ukukhuluma komzimba kubalulekile - lapho sima noma sihleli siqonde, sizizwa sinokuzethemba okukhulu, sinamandla futhi siphapheme. Nganoma imuphi umbuzo we-ergonomics Ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho noma owelapha ngokomzimba ukuthola ibhalansi emzimbeni wakho.