IBiology yigama elivela eGreek, okusho ukuthi "isayensi yokuphila", futhi lokhu kuchazwa njengesayensi efunda izidalwa ngezici ezahlukahlukene, okungukuthi, ngokususelwa kwimvelaphi yazo, izakhiwo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, intuthuko, ukuzala, phakathi kwabanye .
Thola ukuthi yimaphi amagatsha e-biology
Le sayensi yehlukaniswe ngamagatsha amaningi, imikhakha noma imikhakha yokufunda, engahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: okuyinhloko nokwesibili. Esokuqala yilezi amaselula, i-marine kanye ne-biology yamangqamuzana, i-botany, i-ecology, i-physiology, i-genetics, i-microbiology ne-zoology; kuyilapho lezi zesibili nalabo abanobudlelwano ne-biology bezinga elincane kunezangaphambili.
I-Las amathuba emisebenzi yebhayoloji zibanzi impela, ngoba inamagatsha amaningi noma imikhakha eminingi. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubazi uma ufundela umsebenzi ophambili, ukuze wenze ngokukhethekile egatsheni elidala inzalo.
Imikhakha emikhulu ye-biology
Lokho okukhulunywe ngenhla kuyizindlela eziyinhloko, esizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi, sibheka imikhakha efana nemikhakha yokufunda kanye namathuba emisebenzi.
Isayensi yezinto eziphilayo
Yaziwa nangokuthi cytology, Igatsha lebhayoloji eliqukethe ukutadisha kwemisebenzi, izakhiwo, izakhiwo kanye nokusebenzisana emvelweni akhula amaseli. Lokhu kuzalwe kanye nesibonakhulu, ngoba kusinike ithuba lokubuka amaseli.
El ukutadisha i-cell biology kufaka phakathi ukubonwa kwamaseli ezingeni lamangqamuzana, yingakho womabili amagatsha ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile zokwenza lolu cwaningo, njenge udonga lweseli, ama-lysosomes, ama-chloroplast, ama-ribosomes, i-cell nucleus, i-cytoskeleton, phakathi kwabanye.
I-biology yasolwandle
Lingelinye lamagatsha e-biology ahlose ukutadisha izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala emvelweni yasolwandle, kubhekelelwa zonke izinto zempilo yasolwandle, nayo ebhekele ukuvikela nokonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye icwaninge ngezinto eziphilayo kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo futhi ingasebenzisa izayensi ezahlukahlukene ukwenza izifundo ezibanzi nezibanzi zomhlaba.
Ibhayoloji yamangqamuzana
Kuyingxenye yemikhakha yokutadisha i-biology, ehlola izidalwa eziphilayo ngendlela yamangqamuzana, okuwukuthi, izinqubo noma izenzakalo zizanywa ukuchaza ngokucabangela izakhiwo ze-macromolecular; okuvame ukuba yi-nucleic acid (DNA) namaprotheni.
Ezemvelo
Kushiwo isayensi okufundwa kuyo izitshalo, kucatshangelwa zonke izinto ezingaba khona, izinqubo zokukhiqiza kabusha, ubudlelwane nezinye izidalwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwazo, phakathi kwabanye. Izinhlobo ezibonwayo nezifundwayo yilezi izitshalo, isikhunta, ulwelwe kanye ne-cyanobacteria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthola izigaba ezimbili zesiyalo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthola i-botany esetshenzisiwe (isetshenziselwe izinhloso zobuchwepheshe) kanye ne-botany emsulwa (ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngohlobo lwezinto ezifundwayo).
I-Ecology
Phakathi kwe imikhakha ye-biology singathola imvelo, isayensi inhloso yayo ukubuka ubudlelwano izidalwa eziphilayo ezinazo nemvelo yazo kanye nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo; kube yizifundo eziyinhloko, ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo ngokuya ngokusebenzisana nalezi zici.
Ngendlela efingqiwe futhi ecace bha, ngokuyisisekelo imvelo ifunda ngemvelo ehlukene kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezihlala kuzo.
I-Physiology
Kuyingxenye yamagatsha e-biology ngoba inesibopho sokutadisha ukuthi yini imisebenzi yezidalwa eziphilayo, okungaba yi-physiology yezilwane (lapho kufakwa khona umuntu) nokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uthole okunye ukwahlukana, okufana neseli, isitho somzimba, izicubu, okwezilwane nokuqhathanisa.
Izakhi zofuzo
Igxila kufayela le- ukutadisha ifa lezinto eziphilayo, okungukuthi, idluliselwa kanjani phakathi kwezizukulwane zezidalwa eziphilayo. Leli elinye lamagatsha anamuhla kakhulu, lapho kutholakala khona amanye amagatsha afana ne-cell biology kanye ne-biochemistry. Izinhloso zakhe eziyinhloko zokutadisha yi-nucleic acid (DNA) ne-RNA, lapho okugcina kufaka khona isithunywa, ukudlulisa kanye ne-ribosomal.
I-Microbiology
Kushiwo isayensi ehlose ukutadisha nokuhlaziya ama-microorganisms; lokhu kuyilezo zinto eziphilayo noma "izidalwa eziphilayo" ezingabonakali emehlweni abantu. Amagciwane amakhulu, okungukuthi, lawo leli gatsha eligxile ekutadisheni, yiwo amagciwane, isikhunta kanye namagciwane; ngenkathi ezinye izinto ezincane zivame ukufundwa kweminye imikhakha efana ne-parasitology.
I-Zoology
Ekugcineni, sithola ifayela le- igatsha le-biology eligxile ekutadisheni izilwane futhi lapho kubhekwa khona izici ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-morphology, i-physiology, indlela yokuziphatha, phakathi kokunye, ezifanayo.
Amagatsha wesibili e-biology
Ekugcineni, sithola eminye imikhakha noma izinkambu zokutadisha i-biology ezihlobene nayo, kepha ezingekho phakathi kwalezi eziyinhloko njengoba zingamagatsha anezinhloso ezithile. Phakathi kwabo kungenzeka ukuthola okulandelayo:
- I-Anatomy.
- I-Arachnology.
- I-Aerobiology.
- I-Biophysics.
- Imvelo.
- Ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi.
- I-bacteriology.
- Bioinformatics.
- Chorology
- I-Epidemiology.
- I-Entomology.
- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo biology.
- Amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo.
- Ibhayoloji yemvelo.
- I-Phylogeny.
- Isimilo.
- I-Phytopathology.
- I-Phycology.
- I-Herpetology.
- Ukuzivikela komzimba.
- Umlando.
- I-Herpetology.
- Inctiology.
- I-Limnology.
- I-Mycology.
- I-Ornithology.
- I-Paleontology.
- I-Oncology.
- Ontogeny.
- Izifo.
- I-Parasitology.
- Ezenhlalo.
- Imfundiso yenkolo.
- I-Virology.
- I-Toxicology.
- Ezentela
Siyethemba ukuthi imininingwane enikeziwe mayelana namagatsha ahlukene e-biology ibikade isezingeni lakho; Uma ufuna ukufaka isandla kokuqukethwe futhi unemibuzo, ungakhohlwa ukusishiyela amazwana futhi sizophendula ngokushesha okukhulu.