Amagatsha emvelo ahlukahlukene, ngoba le sayensi, njengoba igama layo likhombisa, yisifundo sabantu noma izidalwa ezihlala endaweni ethile. Kanye nezindawo zokuhlala nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene indawo ethile engaba nayo nokuthi lezi zinto zithinta kanjani izidalwa ezihlala lapho.
Lokhu kunomsuka ngonyaka we-1866 lapho usosayensi waseRussia ehlanganisa izifundo zokuphila (i-Biology), kanye nokufundwa kwezingqimba zangaphakathi nezindawo zomhlaba (i-geology), ekuhlela njengokutadisha kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo nezimo kuthinta izindawo zabo zokuhlala.
Njengamanje lezi zifundo zikhombise ukuwohloka esikudalele imvelo yethu noma indawo esihlala kuyo, sikungcolisa ngemfucuza yethu, ulwandle olulimazayo, amanzi ahlanzekile, amahlathi, amahlathi nezintaba, isikhathi ngasinye kunciphisa ithuba lempilo engcono yabantu. Ngalesi sizathu, imikhankaso isiqalile kuzo zonke izindawo ukukhuthaza ukunakekelwa kweplanethi yomhlaba.
Amagatsha amakhulu e-Ecology
Kunemiphumela eminingi yalolu cwaningo, iningi lazo ukwehlukana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zempilo ezihlala emhlabeni, futhi zingahlukaniswa ngisho nasezimeni ezihlala kuzo, uma zilungile, noma zilungele intuthuko engcono uhlobo oluthile lwenhlobo, nokuthi luzobathinta kanjani, ezingeni lokuphila isikhathi eside nokuzala kohlobo oluthile olunikeziwe.
Lawa ngamanye amagatsha e-Ecology nakho konke okuphathelene nezifundo zayo.
- Okomuntu: igxila kakhulu ekutadisheni uhlanga lwesintu, indlela eliziphatha ngayo, imikhuba yalo, indawo elihlala kuyo, izinga lokuzalwa kanye nezinga lokufa, okuyizinto ezibathintayo nezixazululo ezilamulelwe ngocwaningo lwazo.
- Kusuka emphakathini: kusekelwe ekutadisheni kwendalo enezinhlobo eziningana ezihlanganyela indawo efanayo yendawo, ukwehluka kwale miphakathi kubalwa ngezakhi ezimbili: ukunotha, okuyinombolo yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona endaweni efanayo, nokungakhethi, okusho ukuthi inala yokuphila kohlobo ngalunye.
- Amandla abantu: Kubonakala ngokutadisha izimbangela ezahlukahlukene ezingadala ushintsho enanini labantu, nokuthi lokhu kungakuthinta kanjani ukusinda kwalo ngokuzayo.
- Yezinhlelo: elinye lamagatsha amasha walesi sayensi, lisebenzisa ukubala kwezibalo kumakhompyutha ahlaziya imininingwane, ukuze kutholakale izixazululo futhi kuqondwe izinkinga ezingapheli ezilethwa yimvelo kanye nemvelo.
- I-Etoecology: Kuyisayensi efunda ngokuziphatha kwezidalwa eziphilayo, okungasuka ezilwaneni, kuya ezitshalweni noma ezintweni ezincane eziphilayo ezindaweni zazo zemvelo.
- Imvelo yabantu: inani labantu linani elithile labantu, futhi le sayensi ifunda ngokuziphatha kwayo, ukwehluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokwakheka kwayo, futhi ifunda ngezimo ezingavela futhi zithinte inani labantu abakulo.
- Izindawo zokuhlala: Lolu cwaningo lwifunde izindawo lapho kuhlala khona abantu, imiphakathi noma imiphakathi, nokuthi umjikelezo wempilo yabo ubathinta kanjani.
- Kusetshenziswe: Imayelana nokusebenzisa yonke imiqondo nemibandela yesayensi ezinkingeni ezinkulu zesintu, ukuthola izixazululo ezibambekayo zazo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo yalo mphakathi.
- Amagciwane: Kususelwa ocwaningweni lwezinto eziphilayo zamagciwane nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ezakha ingxenye ebalulekile yabantu bomhlaba oyiplanethi.
- Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo: uphethe ukutadisha amasu okusinda, nokwakhiwa kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngabantu kanye / noma nemiphakathi efundwayo.
Imvelo maqondana nomphakathi wanamuhla
Zonke izinsizakusebenza ezidingekayo kumele zisetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa umqondo wemvelo, njengoba izinkampani ezinkulu zenza ukuthengisa imikhiqizo, ukuze abantu abasha, abamele cishe isigamu sabantu bomhlaba, babe nentshisekelo yokusebenzisana.nalokhu okuthakazelisayo nokubalulekile isihloko.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa imininingwane ngamagatsha ezemvelo njengendlela yokukhiqiza umnotho, ngoba isiye yazi kabanzi ngalesi sihloko futhi ifike intshisekelo kubantu abaningi. Kukhona nezinkampani ezinikele ekwenzeni izinto "zemvelo" ukusetshenziswa kwazo akuthinti impilo emhlabeni noma kunciphise ukulimala maqondana nemikhiqizo ejwayelekile.
Ungaqamba eminye yale mikhiqizo noma imisebenzi eyenziwe "ngemicabango eluhlaza", engathinti ikhwalithi yempilo yanoma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo.
- Ukuvakasha kwemvelo: Abantu abaningi bathanda umbono wokufaka isandla enqubweni yokubuyisa imvelo, yingakho izindawo eziningana zaqala ukuqhuba imvelo, okuvame ukugibela amabhayisikili angakhiqizi i-CO2 lapho uwagibela.
- Izimoto zikagesi: Ngenxa yokuthi izimoto esizisebenzisayo namhlanje zikhiqiza izinto eziningi eziyingozi emvelweni, sekuqalile ukwakhiwa izinjini zikagesi, ezineziteshi ezishaja kabusha ezingxenyeni eziningi zamadolobha.
- Ukupakisha kwemvelo: Yize ipulasitiki ibingasetshenziswa esikhathini esedlule, namuhla lo mkhiqizo uthandwa kakhulu ezimbonini ezinkulu ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokupakisha ezilahlwayo, okuthi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo kakhulu kudale inani elikhulu lodoti onqwabelene emvelweni. Ngakho-ke, sebeqalile ukusebenzisa nokwakha iziqukathi ezihlala isikhathi eside abantu abangazilahli zisetshenziswa kanye.
Futhi lezi ngezinye nje zezibonelo zenani lemikhiqizo eyenziwayo ukuqwashisa ngodaba olubaluleke njengokufunda ngendawo esihlala kuyo.
I-ecology yisayensi ebaluleke kakhulu esintwini, ngoba ngokufunda ngokuziphatha kwethu, amasiko, imvelo kanye nokuzala kwethu, kungasinikeza izindlela ezilula neziphephile zokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwezinhlobo nokongiwa kwemvelo endaweni esihlala kuyo.