Inani lomzimba yikho konke lokho izici ezilinganisekayo nezingalinganiswa ezingaba nayo imizimba yenyama, engahlukaniswa yizinhlobo ezimbili, amanani ayisisekelo angatholwa ngokuzimela, nemikhiqizo etholakala kulezo ezedlule.
Isayensi yemvelo incike kakhulu ekuhlolweni, ngoba yisayensi lapho imicabango idinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe imininingwane, lapho bonke ubukhulu buvela khona, ngoba buvame kakhulu kulezi zivivinyo.
Ngokwamagama, ubukhulu yinoma iyiphi impahla into, impahla noma umzimba wenyama enayo engenakulinganiswa futhi ingalinganiswa, njengobunzima, ubude noma ivolumu, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola idatha edingekayo kubo.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, siqhubeka nokukala, okuqukethe qhathanisa ubukhulus nezinye ezifanayo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amayunithi, okunikeza imiphumela engcono ekuhlolweni.
Amayunithi ngamanani asetshenziswa njengomhlahlandlela wokukala ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo olufanayo, njengalapho kukalwa into okuthiwa inamakhilogremu amabili, ephindwe kabili iyunithi ethathwe njengezinga elijwayelekile, okuyikhilogremu.
Ngezikhathi ngaphambi kuka-1960, ubukhulu obukhulu babusetshenziswa kuyo yonke iplanethi, ngakho ngalowo nyaka, emhlanganweni weshumi nanye wenkomfa kawonkewonke yezisindo nezilinganiso eParis, kwakuzoba yini ubukhulu obuyisisekelo emhlabeni wonke okwathiwa. .
Okokuqala, amanani ayisisekelo achaziwe, njengoba ezimele, ukunquma kamuva ukuthi yikuphi okuzovela, okuncike kokuphambilini ukuthi kubalwe noma kukalwe.
Manje njengoba sekuyaziwa ukuthi ubukhulu, ukuthi yini ukukala, kwenzelwa ini nokuthi isilinganiso senziwa kanjani, nokuthi zingamayunithi, kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi ubukhulu obuyisisekelo nobususwayo bungaba yini, bese uzisebenzisa kanjani.
Yiziphi amanani ayisisekelo?
Lawa ngamayunithi ajwayelekile futhi amakhulu wokulinganisa izakhiwo zomzimba womzimba, okuthi uma kuhlanganiswa kudale inani elithathiwe. Lobu bukhulu bakhethwa uhlelo lwamayunithi lwamazwe omhlaba noma olwaziwa kangcono yi-SI, olunikeze amayunithi ayi-7 anesisindo, ubude, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi, amandla okukhanya, inani lezinto namandla amakhulu, ngalinye linokukodwa kwalokhu kuyunithi laso lokuqhathanisa kanye nophawu lwayo oluyichaza.
IMisa
Kuyimpahla ejwayelekile yendaba, elinganisa inani lezinto umzimba oqukethe uqobo, kusetshenziswa ikhilogremu njengeyunithi eneKg njengophawu, lokhu kutholakala ne-inertia yayo, ngenxa yokuthi iyashesha lapho ifaka khona umphoqe.
Ubude
Lokhu kutholakala ngokuba nomqondo omfishane webanga lento, okuwumqondo wemethrikhi, ochazwe ngokwazi ibanga lomzimba wejometri, okungafanele udideke, ngoba ubude bayohlala bukhulu kunalobo obunikiwe ibanga, leso isilinganiso esisodwa.
Ngokusho kuka-Albert Einstein, ubude abuyona impahla echaziwe, ngoba yonke imizimba ebonakalayo iyalinganiseka, futhi ngokuya kokhombayo, imiphumela ehlukile ingatholakala.
Isimo sezulu
Kuyimpahla ebonakalayo lapho imicimbi eyenzekayo inqunywa ngayo, engahlukaniswa iye esikhathini esedlule, esizayo kanye nesithathu okungekho kulokhu okungenhla, okwabizwa njengamanje. Ngenxa yalokhu, imicimbi ingalawulwa futhi nesikhathi sabo sinqunywe.
Iyunithi yalobu bukhulu ingeyesibili, efanekiselwa u-s, usonhlamvukazi noma isifinyezo seg akufanele isetshenziswe ngoba uphawu lwayo olufanele futhi oluhambisana nalo yilona oluboniswe kuqala.
Ithempelesha
Lingubukhulu obususelwa esikalini esichazwa amandla angaphakathi omzimba we-thermodynamic, lapho sikhulunywa ngokomzimba, naso saziwa nangokuthi leyo ndawo ingalinganiswa nge-thermometer, evame ukushisa.
Amayunithi okushisa okuchazwa uhlelo lwamayunithi omhlaba njengoluyisisekelo yiKelvin efanekiselwa ngu-K, yize kucwaningo lwesayensi kuvame ukusetshenziswa amayunithi wokushisa amaningi, ethandwa kakhulu yiCelsius noma degrees centigrade, kanye neFahrenheit e-US
Umfutho Luminous
Kuchazwa njengobungako bokukhanya okukhanyayo umzimba noma into ebonakalayo enayo iyunithi ngayinye ye-engeli eqinile, iyunithi yayo yi-candela efanekiselwa yi-Cd enikezwe uhlelo lwamayunithi aphesheya.
Umthombo wokukhanya oyiphuzu ubizwa ngokuthi lowo okhipha amandla alo okukhanya kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngokulinganayo, njengezibani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo ukukhanya kwabo kuyahluka kuye nge-engela yesiqondiso esibhekiwe nesiqondiso sayo esijwayelekile, ababizwa ngaso njengeLambert indawo ekhanyayo.
Inani lezinto
Kuchazwa njengenani lamabhizinisi akhona entweni ethile noma emzimbeni wenyama, ngokuya ngeyunithi yobuningi bezinto ezikhethiwe, kungathinta ukungaguquguquki kokulingana, okunemvukuzane njengeyunithi ezenzakalelayo, echazwa njengenani le- into enomzimba wenyama.
I-Amperage
Lokhu kungenxa yokuhamba kwamanani kuyo, okuvamise ukuba ngama-electron, okuwukuhamba kwamandla kagesi okungahanjwa yimpahla, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukugeleza, okuyinani lokukhokhiswa ngeyunithi yesikhathi ngasinye. Iyunithi yayo i-ampere efanekiselwa ngu-A.
Insimbi okulinganiswa ngayo futhi ilinganiswe ngayo le yunithi yi-galvanometer, okuthi uma ilinganiswa kuma-amperes yaziwe njenge-ammeter.
Kulezi zikhulu kukhona nohlelo olungapheli lwamayunithi angasetshenziswa ukukala isisindo, ubude nesikhathi, ngasinye sinamayunithi aso afanele okuzoboniswa ngezansi.
- IMisa: kulokhu kusetshenziswa igramu (g)
- Ubude: amasentimitha (cm) asetshenziselwa ukukala le ndawo
- Isikhathi: lapho kulinganiswa inani elithile lalesi silinganiso, owesibili (ama) kuyasetshenziswa
Yini amanani atholakele?
Lokhu kungumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kobukhulu obuyisisekelo, okunika imiphumela le mikhiqizo, phakathi kwayo okukhona okuningana, kepha okuvame kakhulu amandla, amandla, ukushesha, ukuminyana, ivolumu nobuningi.
Ukuthola lobu bukhulu, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ubukhulu obukhulu noma obuyisisekelo, ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukuthola amandla, kufanele uphindaphinde ubukhulu ngobude bese uwahlukanisa kabili ngesikhathi.
Lokhu kukhulu futhi kunamayunithi awo ahlukene, alandelayo:
- Amandla: Kusetshenziswa iNewton (N)
- Amandla: ngalokhu kusetshenziswa uJulio (J)
- Ukusheshisa: kusetshenziswa imitha ngaphezulu kwesikwele (m / s2)
- Ivolumu: kusetshenziswa i-cubic meter (m3)
- Ubuningi: Kulokhu kusetshenziswa ikhilogremu ngemitha ngalinye elilodwa (kg / m3)
- Imvamisa: kwalokhu kusetshenziswa i-hertz (Hz)
Kuningi kwalokhu, ngoba kungahlanganiswa izinto eziyisisekelo ezingaphezu kwezimbili, ezingadala izakhiwo ezinjengevolumu ye-molar, ingcindezi, ukushaja kagesi, amandla kazibuthe, inductance, phakathi kokunye okuningi.