Sinjani isakhiwo semibhalo yezinganekwane nokubaluleka kwazo ebuntwaneni

Lapho sifika emhlabeni asinalo nhlobo uhlobo lokuziphatha okufanele ngabe sinakho, kwalokho okubhekwa njengokuhle noma okubi ngamazinga omphakathi. Singubumba okufanele lubunjwe.

Ukuqala ukwakha onembeza bezingane futhi ugcine engqondweni ukuthi izingqondo zabo ziyathuthuka nakho konke Ulwazi kumele luphathwe ngokwenza Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi enza kube lula ngabo ukuthola ulwazi, kwasungulwa inqubo yokuthi ngemifanekiso egqwayizayo nokulandisa okulula, izindaba ziyaxoxwa ukuze ingane izizwe ikhonjwe ngeziza, kanye nokuziphatha abakushiyayo zisebenza njengokukhombisa nokusekela ukuhola indlela yokuziphatha kwazo ngendlela enhle futhi ezuzisa umphakathi.

Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi izinganekwane. Umqondo uzokwandiswa ngokwengeziwe ngezansi.

Ziyini izinganekwane?

Izinganekwane ziyizindaba, ezaziwa futhi njengezindaba ezimfishane, izilwane ezinenkanyezi ngokuvamile ezithatha izimo zengqondo zabantu futhi zisebenzise ulimi evesini noma iprozi, bafuna izindaba ezichaza indlela yokuziphatha nokuziphatha okubi kwabantu, ukunikeza umyalezo noma isimilo.

Umsuka wezinganekwane

Izinganekwane lezi zinomsuka wazo eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili eyedlule eMesopotamiya, izwe lapho kwatholakala khona imifanekiso yokuqala yezilwane eyayixoxa izindaba eziqoshwe ezibhebheni zobumba. esetshenziswa emitatsheni yezincwadi zesikhathi.

Kamuva eGreece ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC umbhali uHesiod wakhipha inganekwane yokuqala ebhaliwe, ebizwa nge-nightingale kwathi ngekhulu lesibili uNicostrato wabhala iqoqo lezinganekwane ngenhloso yokufundisa.

Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva iRoma nayo yayiyingxenye yale nhlangano, lapho umbhali uHoracio ebhala amakhophi amaningana futhi UPhaedrus usebenzise lolu limi evesini ukuyiguqula ibe uhlobo lwezinkondlo.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi izinganekwane zaba amahlaya ezilwane, futhi kulapho imbongi uMaría de Francia yabhala khona amakhophi angama-63. Kwathi ngesikhathi se-Renaissance, izisebenzi zabantu ezifana noLeonardo da Vinci zaqamba izincwadi zalezi zinhlobo zezindaba.

Ngekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka, izinganekwane zazitshalwa emhlabeni wonke, ukuze kamuva zibe yinguquko enkulu kwezombhalo ngekhulu lama-XNUMX.

Ukwakheka

Izinganekwane ziyizinhlobo zemibhalo eziqukethe:

• Izinhlamvu: ikakhulukazi izilwane noma izinto ezingaphili, ezenzeka ngesikhathi sesakhiwo ezimeni ezinzima.
• Isakhiwo: imvamisa baqala ngesifinyezo esifushane sendawo kanye nesiteji, ngolimi lwephrozi kanye / noma lwamavesi, bese begcina ngokufundisa noma ngokuziphatha.

• Okuqukethwe: umkhuba Izihloko zokuziphatha kwabantu zihlanganisiwe, lapho imikhuba emibi, umona, ukuziqhenya kuvela khona. Intukuthelo, ukungathembeki, ukuhaha nokuhaha.

• Ukulandisa: imvamisa inganekwane ixoxwa umbalisi oxoxa indaba kumuntu wesithathu.

Izinzuzo zezinganekwane

• Ukubaluleka kobulili kulele ekukhuthazeni isimilo esihle nokuziphatha okuhle ezinganeni nakubantu abasha. Bangamathuluzi awusizo asebenzela ukuwafundisa futhi ubashukumise, okulandelayo kungatholakala ekusebenzeni kwayo ekhaya nasesikhungweni semfundo:
• Ukuziphatha ukuthi lezi zindaba ezimfishane zishiye zifundisa izingane nentsha ukuthi ziziphathe ngendlela efanele, zihlale zibheka izindinganiso zothando, ubungani, ukwethembeka, ukulalela, inhlonipho, ukuqonda nokunye.
• Zikhuthaza i- umcabango kanye nekhono ukubonisana kwengane nentsha.
• Ngezinganekwane bafunda ukuhlonipha nokwazisa izilwane, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukuphathwa kabi kwabo.
• Ngemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa ekhiqizwa ngokusetshenziswa kokufundwayo, ingane ifunda ukuxoxa nokwabelana nabanye, kanye nokuzithuthukisa nokuziveza besebenzisa ukudweba nokucula.
• Bakhuthaza intshisekelo yokufunda.
• Izibonelo ezithile
• Lapha sikukhombisa amamodeli wezinganekwane azosebenza njenge ithuluzi lokufundisa yezingane nentsha noma zizomane zikunikeze ulwazi lokuhamba isikhathi ukuze ukhumbule lezo zikhathi lapho uzijabulele lezi zindaba:

Ufudu nonogwaja:

Kudala kwakukhona unogwaja oqhoshayo noyize, owayelokhu esakaza ukuthi uyena oshesha kakhulu futhi ohlekisa ngokungasheshi kofudu.

- Hheyi, ufudu, ungagijimi kakhulu awusoze wafinyelela umgomo wakho! Kusho unogwaja ehleka ufudu.

Ngolunye usuku, kwenzeka ukuthi ufudu lwenze ukubheja okungajwayelekile kwi-hare:

- Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi ngingakuphumelela umjaho.

- Kimi? Kubuza unogwaja emangele.

- Yebo, yebo, kuwe, kusho ufudu. Masibeke ukubheja kwethu futhi sibone ukuthi ngubani ophumelela umjaho.

Unogwaja, ozikhukhumezayo, wamukele ukubheja.

Ngakho-ke zonke izilwane zahlangana ukuzofakaza umjaho. Isikhova sakhomba ezindaweni zokuqala nokufika, futhi ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwesikhathi umjaho phakathi kokungakholelwa kwababekhona.

Ngobuqili nangokuzethemba okukhulu, unogwaja wavumela ufudu ukuthi lumqhathe futhi aqhubeke nokuhlekisa ngaye. Wabe eseqala ukugijima ngokushesha wafica ufudu owayehamba kancane kodwa engami. Wama phakathi nendawo edlelweni eliluhlaza, lapho azinza khona ukuze aphumule ngaphambi kokuqeda umjaho. Lapho walala ubuthongo, ngenkathi ufudu lusaqhubeka nokuhamba, igxathu negxathu, kancane, kodwa ngaphandle kokuma.

Lapho umvuka uvuka, wabona ngokwesaba ukuthi ufudu lwalukude ukusuka egoli. Ekuqaleni, wabaleka ngamandla akhe onke, kodwa kwase kudlule isikhathi: ufudu lwalufinyelele umgomo futhi wawunqoba umjaho!

Lolo suku unogwaja wafunda, phakathi kokuthotshiswa okukhulu, ukuthi ungalokothi uhlekise ngabanye. Ufunde nokuthi ukuzethemba ngokweqile kuyisithiyo ekufezeni izinhloso zethu. Futhi ukuthi akekho, nhlobo akekho, ongcono kunanoma ngubani.

Le nsumansumane isishiya sithanda isimilo, ukuthi ngaphandle kwezimo nobunzima obuvelayo, abantu kufanele bahlale benethemba futhi bephikelela, ngoba kule mpilo konke kungenzeka. Kusifundisa ukubaluleka komzamo nokuthi akufanele nanini sihlekise ngabanye ngemikhawulo noma izithiyo zabo.

Unogolantethe nengonyama:

Ibhubesi elinolaka nokuzikhukhumeza, ngesinye isikhathi, lalishwabadela inyamazane emnandi ebisanda kuyizingela. Wayelambe kakhulu kangangokuba engahlosile wafaka inyama eningi emlonyeni wakhe waklinya nethambo. Waqala ukugxuma, ukuphotha, ukukhwehlela… Kwakungenakwenzeka, ithambo lalinamathele emphinjeni futhi akakwazanga ukulisusa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Uzamile nokufaka owakhe udladla emlonyeni, kodwa wakwazi ukunwaya izinzipho zakhe nokucasula ulwanga.

Unogolantethe wayembuka esihlahleni. Ebona ukuthi ibhubesi liphelelwe yithemba, waba nesithakazelo kulo.

- Yini inkinga, ingonyama? Awenzi lutho ngaphandle kokukhononda!

- Nginezikhathi ezimbi. Nginamathambo abhajwe emphinjeni futhi angikwazi nokuphefumula kanzima angazi ngiwukhipha kanjani!

- Ngingalisusa lelo thambo elikubangela usizi olukhulu ngoba nginomlomo omude kakhulu, kepha kunenkinga futhi lokho ... Ngiyesaba ukuthi uzongidla!

Ibhubesi, ngethemba, laqala ukuncenga unogolantethe. Waze waguqa ngamadolo, into engajwayelekile enkosini yehlathi eliqhoshayo!

- Ngicela ungisize! Ngiyathembisa ukuthi ngeke ngikulimaze! Ngiyisilwane sasendle futhi ngiyesatshwa yibo bonke, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngiyakugcina engikushoyo. Izwi lenkosi!

Unogolantethe akakwazanga ukufihla ukwesaba kwakhe. Kungaphepha yini ukwethemba ibhubesi ...? Bekungacaci nakancane futhi ubecabangisisa ngokunquma ukuthi enzeni. U-feline, yena, wabubula wakhala njengengane. Unogolantethe, owayenenhliziyo enhle, wagcina eyehlisile.

- Kulungile! Ngizokuthemba. Lala ngomhlane uvule umlomo wakho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ibhubesi lalala phansi libheke esibhakabhakeni kanti unogolantethe wabeka induku ebambe imihlathi yayo emikhulu ukuze ingakwazi ukuyivala.

- Futhi manje, unganyakazi. Lo msebenzi ubucayi kakhulu futhi, uma ungahambi kahle, ikhambi lingahle libe libi kakhulu kunesifo.

Ithobela lo myalo, ibhubesi lama lathi cwaka futhi inyoni yafaka uqhwaku lwayo olude, oluncane emqaleni. Kumthathe isikhashana, kodwa ngenhlanhla ukwazile ukuthola ithambo walikhipha ngobuchule obukhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uyihoxisile induku ebigcine umlomo wakhe uvulekile futhi ngejubane eligcwele, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka kanjalo, wandiza wayophephela esidlekeni sakhe.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, unogolantethe wabuyela esigodini sebhubesi wamthola egxile kakhulu ekudleni enye ingxenye enkulu yenyama. Wahlala ngokucophelela egatsheni elide futhi wabamba ukunaka kwebhubesi.

- Sawubona, mngani… Uzizwa unjani?

- Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngilulame ngokuphelele.

- Ngizokutshela okuthile ... Ngolunye usuku awuzange ungibonge nangomusa engikwenzele wona. Akusizi ngalutho, kepha ngicabanga ukuthi ngaphezu kokuqashelwa kwakho, ngifanele ukuthola umklomelo. Awucabangi?

- Umklomelo? Kufanele ujabule ngoba ngisindise impilo yakho! Lowo ngumklomelo omuhle wakho!

Ibhubesi, ngemuva kokukhipha la magama ngezwi elingenantlonelo, laqhubeka nebhizinisi lalo, langanaka unogolantethe ohloniphekile owasindisa impilo yakhe. Inyoni-ke yayithukuthele kakhulu ngokwedelelwa ibhubesi elikhokhela ngalo usizo lwalo lokuzidela.

- Ngempela? Ngakho ucabanga? Awubongi futhi isikhathi sizongikhombisa ukuthi ngilungile. Mhlawumbe ngelinye ilanga, ngubani owaziyo ukuthi nini, into efanayo izophinda yenzeke kuwe futhi ngiyakuqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke ngize ngizokusiza. Lapho-ke uzokwazisa konke engikwenzele kona. Khumbula engikutshela khona, ngonyama engenakubonga! Futhi ngaphandle kokusho noma yini enye, unogolantethe wahamba unomphela, eshiya ngemuva ibhubesi, elalingazange limbheke, linentshisekelo yokwanelisa isifiso sakhe sokudla.

Ukuziphatha: Siempre kumele sibonge kulabo abasisekela esimweni esinzima. Ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba yimbangela yokona nobutha.

Imbongolo ithwele usawoti nembongolo ithwele izipanji:

Izimbongolo ezimbili bezihamba ngomgwaqo. Omunye wayephethe usawoti kanye nezinye izipanji. Owokuqala wayeka kaningi, esindwa isisindo, kufanele athwale owesibili owayelula.

Bafika emfuleni okwakumele bawuwele, imbongolo eyayigcwele usawoti yangena emanzini. Ekuqaleni yacwila ngaphansi kwesisindo, kepha amanzi ancibilikisa usawoti futhi, manje engaselula, yakwazi ukufinyelela kolunye ugu. Imbongolo yesibili, ibona ukuthi umlingani wayo uwele, yangena emanzini ingacabanganga. Ngesikhathi ephethe izipontshi, bamunca amanzi bakhuphula isisindo sawo, bacwilisa isilwane futhi saminza.

Ukuziphatha: Ungalokothi ukhohliswe umbono wokuqala, umphumela wokugcina obalulekile.

Ibhubesi nomiyane:

Kudala kwakukhona ibhubesi, wayethule ehlathini, lapho umiyane omkhulu kakhulu wanquma ukumhlupha. " Ungacabangi ukuthi ngoba umkhulu kunami ngiyakwesaba!«Kusho umiyane uphonsela inselelo ibhubesi, elaziwa njengenkosi yehlathi. Ngemuva kwalawo mazwi, umiyane awufushane futhi awuvilaphi, waqala ukubhuza ikhanda lebhubesi lindiza lisuka kolunye uhlangothi luye kolunye, kanti ibhubesi lalifuna umiyane njengohlanya.

Ibhubesi labhodla ngolaka ngenxa yomsindo womiyane futhi naphezu kwemizamo yokuwubulala, umiyane wawuluma ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba, laze lawa ibhubesi elidinwe kakhulu. Umiyane, uzizwa unqobile, waqala kabusha indlela ovela kuyo. Esikhathini esifushane umiyane wakhubeka phezu kwewebhu yesicabucabu futhi wehlulwa futhi.

Ukuziphatha: Azikho neze izingozi ezincane, noma ukukhubeka okungabalulekile.