Izintshisekelo eziyi-10 ngoThomas Edison

Ngo-Okthoba 18, 1931, omunye wabasunguli abaphambili besintu washona, uThomas Edison, umbhali wamabinzana amahle futhi adumile anjengokuthi "Okuhlangenwe nakho akukaze kwehluleke, kuhlala kufakazelwa okuthile." Ukukhumbula usuku lokufa kwakhe, Ngikulethela izifiso eziyishumi ngempilo yakhe.

• Ngo-1877, uThomas Edison waphakamisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "sawubona" ​​njengokubingelela ngocingo. Kubonakala sengathi lo mbono wabhekwa.
• Imboni yamabhayisikobho yazinza eHollywood ngoba abenzi bamafilimu babezama ukubaleka kuThomas Edison (ozinze eNew Jersey). U-Edison wayenamalungelo obunikazi kumakhamera ezithombe ezinyakazayo.
• UHenry Ford ugcina ukuphefumula kokugcina komngani wakhe uThomas Edison kuthubhu yokuhlola. Njengamanje ikhonjiswa eFord Museum.
• Unelungelo lobunikazi lokusungulwa okungaphezu kuka-1000 (ngesikhathi esakhulile wenza okusungulwayo njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15).
• UThomas Edison wabamba ugesi Topsy, indlovu esekisini, ukufakazela ukuthi ukushintshana kwamanje kuyingozi. Kukhona ividiyo eqoshiwe yesikhashana.
• Kunamahlebezi okuthi bobabili uNikola Tesla noThomas Edison banqabile iNobel Prize kwiFizikiki ngoba benqaba ukuyihlanganyela njengoba bobabili babelokhu bedunyazwa.
• UThomas Edison wayenephethini elidumile lamaphuzu ama-5 abhalwe tattoo engalweni yakhe. Eqinisweni, ithuluzi labadwebi be-tattoo abalisebenzisayo namuhla ukuvela kwepeni elenziwa ngu-Edison ngo-1876.
• Esinye sezizathu sokuthi uThomas Edison adale igilamafoni kwakuwukuqopha amagama okugcina kanye nezifiso zabantu abafayo. Umthombo
• Ngokusho kwendodakazi yakhe, uMarion Estelle Edison, uThomas Edison waphakamisa ukuthi unkosikazi wakhe asebenzise ikhodi yeMorse.
• UThomas Edison akazange asungule isibani sokuqala sokukhanya. UCanada Matthew Evans wasungula isibani sokuqala esikhanyayo ngo-1874, eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba bathengise ilungelo lobunikazi ku-Edison ngama- $ 5000.

Ngangibesaba ubumnyama

Uma kunelukuluku ngoThomas Edison elingaziwa yibo bonke abantu kodwa lokho kuheha ukunakwa, ngukuthi ubesaba ubumnyama. Wayebhekwa njengongqondongqondo, omunye wabasunguli abakhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni owake waba nabo. Waziwa kakhulu ngezinto zakhe ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Esinye kwakuyisandulela samarekhodi e-vinyl, igilamafoni, eyayikwazi ukuqopha nokukhiqiza imisindo, nebhalbhu yelambu le-incandescent., okwakuyinsika yazo zonke izindlu amashumi eminyaka.

Mhlawumbe isibani sokukhanya sasiyisidingo sesidingo. Yize isibani sokukhanya sasingewona umqondo wakhe, uThomas Edison waba ngowokuqala ukudala isibani esithembekile nesisebenza ngogesi. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwayo, umuntu ojwayelekile wayethembele emalangabini ukuze athole ukukhanya, njengokukhanyisa igesi, amakhandlela namalambu kaphalafini. Isibani sokukhanya saqothula abantu abaningi.

Mhlawumbe amandla aqhubayo okusungulile ukuthi uThomas Edison wayesaba ubumnyama. Uqinisile, uThomas Edison wayesaba ubumnyama. Uveze ukusaba kwakhe ubumnyama ngesikhathi enengxoxo. Lapho u-Edison edlula emhlabeni, ushone ekhanyise zonke izibani ezisendlini yakhe.

Yize abaningi bengabuza ukuthi kungani indoda ehlakaniphile njengoThomas Edison ibesaba ubumnyama, ayihlangene nakancane nobuhlakani. Ukwesaba kungokwemvelo, futhi kukodwa kungaba okungenangqondo kubantu abanengqondo kakhulu.

Ezinye izinto ezenziwe nguThomas Edison

Ngaphezu kwegilamafoni noma isibani sokukhanya, uThomas Edison naye wayehlobene nokwenziwa kwezinye izinto ezashintsha umhlaba njengoba wawaziwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi. Okulandelayo sizokutshela ngezinto ezimbili ngezinto azisungulayo okungenzeka ubungazi ngazo.

Izinhlelo Zikagesi Ezithuthukisiwe

Kwakungo-1882 lapho isiteshi sokuqala samandla ezentengiselwano, esikuPearl Street eManhattan engezansi, saqala ukusebenza, sihlinzeka ukukhanya nogesi kumakhasimende asendaweni encane. Isikhathi sikagesi saqala njengoba imboni yavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isiteshi Sokukhiqiza Ugesi sikaThomas Edison sikaPearl Street sethule izinto ezine ezibalulekile zohlelo lokusetshenziswa kukagesi lwesimanje. Ifake ukukhiqizwa okuyisisekelo okuthembekile, ukusatshalaliswa kahle, ukusetshenziswa kokuphela okuphumelelayo, namanani entengo wokuncintisana. 

Isidingo sikagesi asizange siyeke ukukhula futhi sisuka ekubeni yinkonzo yasebusuku saba yinkonzo yamahora angama-24 ngenxa yesidingo sikagesi ezidingweni zomkhakha. Impumelelo yokukhanyisa ngogesi iholele uThomas Edison ezindaweni eziphakeme zokuduma nezingcebo njengoba ugesi usabalala emhlabeni wonke. Izinkampani zayo ezahlukahlukene zikagesi zaqhubeka nokukhula zaze zahlangana zakha i-Edison General Electric ngo-1889.

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwegama lakhe esihlokweni senkampani, u-Edison akazange ayilawule inkampani. Inani elikhulu lemali edingekayo ukuthuthukisa imboni yezibani ze-incandescent izodinga ukubandakanyeka kwamabhange amakhulu. Ngenkathi u-Edison General Electric ehlanganiswa nomncintiswano oholayo uThompson-Houston ngo-1892, u-Edison washiya igama futhi inkampani yavele yaba yiGeneral Electric.

Ama-movie

Intshisekelo kaThomas Edison kumafilimu yaqala ngaphambi kuka-1888, kepha kwaba wukuhambela komthwebuli wezithombe waseNgilandi u-Eadweard Muybridge elabhorethri yakhe eWest Orange ngoFebhuwari walowo nyaka okwamkhuthaza ukuba asungule ikhamera yamafilimu.

UMuybridge bebehlongoza ukuthi babambisane futhi bahlanganise iZoopraxiscope negilamafoni yakwa-Edison. U-Edison wahlabeka umxhwele kodwa wakhetha ukungabambi iqhaza kwinhlangano enjalo ngoba wayenomuzwa wokuthi iZoopraxiscope yayingeyona indlela esebenzayo noma ephumelelayo yokuqopha ukunyakaza.

Kodwa-ke, wawuthanda lo mqondo futhi wafaka isexwayiso kwi-Patent Office ngo-Okthoba 17, 1888, ukuthi uchaze imibono yakhe ngedivayisi "engayenzela iso lokho okwenziwa yigilamafoni endlebeni": qopha futhi ukhiqize izinto ezihambayo. Lo mshini, obizwa nge 'Kinetoscope', wawuyinhlanganisela yamagama esiGreki athi 'kineto' okusho ukuthi 'ukunyakaza' kanye no 'scopos' okusho ukuthi 'ukubheka'.

Ithimba lika-Edison laqedela ukuthuthukiswa kweKinetoscope ngo-1891. Enye yamafilimu okuqala ka-Edison (nefilimu yokuqala enamalungelo okushicilela) yabonisa isisebenzi sakhe uFred Ott esenza sengathi uthimula. Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi kwakungekho i-movie enhle yama-movie.

Konke lokho kwashintsha ngo-1893 lapho u-Eastman Kodak eqala ukunikeza izinto ezinyakazayo, okwenza u-Edison akwazi ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamafilimu amasha. Wakha isitudiyo sokukhiqiza amabhayisikobho eNew Jersey esasinophahla olwalungavulwa ukuze kukhanye emini. Isakhiwo sonke sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukuhamba sihambisane nelanga.

C. Francis Jenkins noThomas Armat basungula iphrojektha ye-movie ebizwa nge-Vitascope futhi bacela u-Edison ukuthi ahambise ama-movie futhi enze iphrojektha ngaphansi kwegama labo. Ekugcineni, i-Edison Company yathuthukisa eyayo iphrojektha, eyaziwa ngokuthi yiProjekoskope, futhi yaqeda iVitascope. Amafilimu okuqala ukukhonjiswa "eshashalazini" e-United States akhishelwa umphakathi ngo-Ephreli 23, 1896, eNew York City.

Lezi izifiso nje ezimbalwa ngoThomas Edison ongahle ungazazi, ngoba njenganoma yimuphi umuntu odumile wesikhathi sakhe, kwakulula ukuphuthelwa eminye imininingwane ngenxa yamashumi eminyaka adlulile kusukela lapho. Yize sibonga imininingwane eqoqiwe sikwazile ukuqoqa lezi zilangazelelo ukuze, wazi, okuthe xaxa ngalokhu okukhaliphile okwathi, yize wesaba ubumnyama, ukwazile ukudala izinto ezisungule inkambo yomphakathi.