Uyazi ukuthi inqubo yokudlulisa imininingwane isebenza kanjani ezingeni lesistimu yezinzwa? Ubuwazi ukuthi i-glutamate idlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo?
Mhlawumbe ngalesi sikhathi ucabanga nge- "umami" edumile, noma ukunambitheka kwesihlanu kokudla, futhi ngokwengxenye kunobuhlobo obuthile nesihloko (kodwa lokhu sizokuchaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi), kepha, i-glutamate esikhuluma ngayo empeleni, yi-amino acid eyenziwe ezingeni lezakhiwo ze-neuronal.
Uhlelo lwezinzwa luxhumanisa ngezinhlaka eziningi ezikhethekile imisebenzi yokuphendula yomzimba ekuphazamisweni noma ezintweni ezithile, lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngaphambi kwesikhuthazo esitholwe izitho zethu zokwamukela, iqembu lethu lamangqamuzana ezinzwa liyasebenza, ukuze lolu lwazi lufike enkabeni isistimu yezinzwa, lapho kukhiqizwa khona impendulo ekhishwa yiphakathi efanayo (i-reflex arc).
Manje kahle Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-glutamate kukho konke lokhu? Kwenzeka ukuthi kuyo yonke le nqubo yokukhuthaza ulwazi, inethiwekhi yolwazi iyakhiwa, lapho ama-neurons ayinto eyisisekelo kulolu shintsho. Vumelana! Ngakho-ke, inqubo lapho izakhiwo ezimbili ezihlangana khona ukwenza ukushintshaniswa seyithandwa, futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho izinto zemvelo yale ngxenye, okungukuthi, ama-neurotransmitter, zihlala endaweni ebalulekile, ngoba zibonga kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-neurons.
Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Neural nama-glutamate
Ukusibeka esimeni, uyakhumbula ukuthi leso sikhathi wanyathela umunwe wakho ungahlosile, noma wathinta indawo eshisayo? Ukusabela kwakho kube ngokushesha, ususe isandla sakho, noma indawo yomzimba wakho ethintekile, ukugcina ubuqotho bakho. Impela, ukuqinisekisile ukuthi "ngikwenze ngaphandle kokucabanga", kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Njengoba Ngemuva kwempendulo yakho kube inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-neural, eyavumela ubuchopho bakho ukuthi buklame impendulo.
I-axis emaphakathi yesistimu yezinzwa ubuchopho, kunemininingwane yonke enwetshiwe, imibono kanye nezimpendulo zakhiwe, noma kunjalo, akukho esimweni sesakhiwo sobuchopho, leso sokubamba amasiginali; Kungakho kunezinhlaka zamaselula ezihambisana nalolu hlelo, olubizwa ngama-neuron, oluphethe ukudlulisa lolo lwazi, ukusuka emthonjeni lapho luqoqwa khona, kuya ezinhlakeni zohlelo lwemizwa oluphakathi, ezibhekele ukuklama izimpendulo ngokuya ithole umfutho.
Ama-Neuron anesakhiwo, esakhiwe yi-nucleus, equkethwe kusakhiwo esibizwa ngokuthi "Soma", Ziphinda futhi ziveze uhlobo lwesilinda esihlanganisiwe esibizwa ngokuthi" umzimba we-neuron ", oxhumanisa ukuphela kwezinzwa ne-nucleus. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Glutamate kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwaleli seli. Iseli likhiqiza le-amino acid, ngoba liyidinga ukuthi likwazi ukuxhumana namanye ama-neuron (ama-synapses), futhi yilokhu, ingxenye eyenza kube nokwenzeka, ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yayo yokugqugquzela kanye ne-neurotransmitter, ukwenziwa kwe-reflex eyaziwa i-arc, okungeyona enye into ukwedlula isekethe-impendulo yokuphendula.
Uhlobo lwento
I-amino acid engadingeki, ehlanganiswe ne-"presynaptic" metabolism cell cell, konke kuqala nge-glutamine, eyi-amine eningi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi emisipheni. Kulokhu kusabela, kubonakala umkhiqizo ophakathi nendawo, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-glutaminase, futhi ekugcineni i-neuron ikhiqiza i-glutamate, i-amino acid edingekayo ezinhlelweni zokusakazeka kwempendulo nezimpendulo. Le ngxenye ifakwa yi-postsynaptic neuron, ngokusebenzisa ama-receptors athile, futhi ihlobene nayo.
Inqubo kuseli le-glial: Njengesiphelo somjikelezo obona ukuqala kwawo kunqubo echazwe ngenhla, kwenzeka ukusabela kwesibili okuvala umjikelezo, owenziwa, ngenxa yokwanda kwale neurotransmitter amino acid esitokisini se-glial, okuyisiteshi esiphakathi wentambo yomgogodla, futhi kulesi sakhiwo kwenzeka ukusabela okuphindayo futhi kutholakala i-glutamine, ethathwa futhi ngama-presynaptic neurons, ukuqala inqubo entsha.
Lokhu kuchazwe inqubo eqhubekayo, eyenzeka ezinkulungwaneni zesekhondi, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-reflex arc kuyinkqubo eqhubekayo, futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni inhlalakahle kumuntu.
Imisebenzi emzimbeni
I-Glutamate yaziwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo ezinqubweni ze-neuronal ezingeni lesistimu yezinzwa, kepha futhi inquma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinto:
- Ukwakhiwa kwamaphrotheni: Ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa umzimba, isebenza njengesandulela ekwakhiweni kwamakhompiyutha, ikakhulukazi lawo omvelo wamaprotheni.
- I-Neurotransmitter: Lokhu kuyindima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ineqhaza elibalulekile ezinqubweni zokuxhumana phakathi kwama-neuron, lapho iheha futhi ijabulise izakhiwo ezikhuthaza ukudluliswa kwesikhuthazo nemikhuba.
Ama-Neurons akhipha i-glutamate eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganiswa komzimba, futhi lokhu kusebenza njengesithunywa samakhemikhali, esithwalwa yizinhlaka ezithile ezibizwa ngama-protein receptors.
- Ama-protein receptors ahlobene: I-N-methyl-D-aspartate, i-AMPA, iKainate, ezinye ezamukela i-glutamate yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-metabotropics. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi inqubo yokushintshaniswa kolwazi phakathi kwe-neurons yenzeka ngokuxhumeka kwe-axon eyodwa, nama-dendrites enye (izakhiwo zaleli seli), imvamisa idinga isenzo sezinto ezinomdlandla.
Monosodium glutamate
Emcabangweni osetshenziswa ngabantu abaningi, uma sikhuluma nge "glutamate", kubhekiswa kasawoti ovela ekuphenduleni kwe-amino acid molecule ne-inorganic compound sodium.
Le ngxenye se inwetshiwe ngegama le-umami noma i-ajinomoto, futhi ifinyelela izicelo eziningi embonini yokudla:
Ukudla kwase-Asia: Ukufakwa kwe-umami, njengokunambitheka kwesihlanu emhlabeni, kuvumela ukulungiswa kwezindlela zokupheka eziningi, futhi ngokwemvelo kukhona ezingxenyeni eziyisisekelo zaleli siko le-gastronomic njenge-algae (kusuka ku-230 kuye ku-3380 mg) ne-soy sauce (450 kuya ku-700 mg) .
Umami, fKuchazwe njengokunambitheka "okumnandi kakhulu", okuveza imizwa yenjabulo kulwanga. Futhi kwakungusosayensi uKikunae Ikeda, owayesebenza eNyuvesi yaseTokyo, owahlanganisa ukuthi umuzwa okhiqizwa umhluzi wezimila zasolwandle wekombu wakhiqizwa ngosawoti we-monosodium. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ajinomoto ekudleni kudala umuzwa ongenakuchazwa ngamagama, nokuthi ezimweni eziningi kuba umlutha, okusiholela ekuzameni ngokweqile.
Ukudla okungalungiswa: Usawoti weMonosodium utholakala ekudleni ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwalesi sizathu sokuthi uyisici esiyinhloko ekulungisweni kwawo, ngezansi ezinye zazo zinokuqukethwe kwazo kasawoti we-monosodium:
- Utamatisi (140-250 mg)
- Amazambane (30-180 mg)
- UHamu (340 mg)
- Itiye elihlaza (200- 650 mg)
- Ushizi: i-parmesan (1150 mg), i-chedar (180 mg), i-roquefort (1200 mg).
Amaphilisi: Isikhathi esithile, isethulo sethebhulethi esingu-500 mg nalesi sakhi sasithandwa emakethe yamahhala. Bachazwa ngokuthi "ukudla kobuchopho", futhi engxoxweni yokuthengisa, kwahlinzekwa umkhiqizo okwazi ukwenza kusebenze futhi kuvuselele izinqubo zobuchopho. Yize lokhu kungewona amanga ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ukudla kwe-glutamate kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqapha. Kuyingozi ukushintsha ibhalansi yesistimu yezinzwa, okuholela ekubeni ne-syndrome, eyaziwa kakhulu njenge "Kusuka endaweni yokudlela yamaShayina".
I-Chinese restaurant syndrome: Abanye ososayensi baqinisekisa ukuthi into embi kakhulu eyenziwe ezingeni le-gastronomic yileli usawoti we-monosodium, ukudla kwawo kudambisa izinqubo ezingeni lesistimu yezinzwa, lapho i-amino acid ihlanganiswa ngokwemvelo ezingeni le-neuronal; Ngalesi sizathu, ukutholakala kokudla nalesi sakhi kudala ukwanda kwamazinga we-neurotransmitter, yona uqobo enezici ezijabulisa izinqubo ze-synapse. Ukweqisa ngokweqile kuyinto ebhebhethekisayo, ngoba kudala isimo sokukhathala kumuntu oyitholayo, okuthi, ezimweni ezingalapheki, kungaholela ekufeni kwezinzwa. Imiphumela yokusebenzisa i-ajinomoto ingabalwa kulezi zimpawu ezivame kakhulu:
- Isiyezi
- Isicanucanu
- Ubuhlungu besifuba.
- Isifuba Somoya
- Ukuquleka (uma kwenzeka iziguli ezizwelayo, noma ukuthambekela kwezinzwa).