Yini i-hypothalamus futhi iyini imisebenzi yayo?

Yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni njengoba inesibopho sokulawula ama-hormone akhishwe emzimbeni ngendlala ye-pituitary, ibuye ibhekele ukucabanga nokufunda okukhiqizwa ubuchopho.

Incazelo nemisebenzi 

I-hypothalamus inesibopho sokuhlela indlela umuntu aziphatha ngayo, ushintsho ekushiseni komzimba, futhi ilawula nolaka, ukuzala kanye nokudla. Yi- risifunda senuzi esisengxenyeni engezansi kwethalamus futhi yakhiwa ingxenye enkulu ye-diencephalon.

Yimiphi imisebenzi yehypothalamus?

I-hypothalamus igcwalisa imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba njengokufakwa kokudla, noma ngabe kungoketshezi noma okuqinile, ukukhwelana, yonke imizwa, ukuhlukunyezwa phakathi kokunye, lokhu kuziphatha kungahlukaniswa kube yizinhlobo ezimbili, lezo ezibonakala ngokucacile ngokubonakalayo kanye nalezo ezingokomzwelo.

Ukulamba

Iyakwazi ukulawula konke imizwa ebangelwa indlala, ngisho nalezo ezikhona ngemuva kokudla, njengokusutha, nazo zibonakala ngokulawula amazinga we-cholesterol, i-glucose, i-triglycerides, phakathi kokunye.

Iphupho

Isigqi se-circadian esaziwa kangcono njengokuvuka nokulala silawulwa yizingxenye ezingemuva nezangaphakathi ze-hypothalamus, ezinamandla okuzilawula nokuzilawula, ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuphumula kahle, okwenza umthombo omuhle wamandla. ngosuku olulandelayo nokusebenza kahle komzimba.

Ama-Emociones

Imizwa umuntu ayizwayo ikhiqizwa iqoqo lezinto zamakhemikhali ezinendawo yazo yokuhlangana ku indlala ye-hypothalamus, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-neuropeptides noma ama-neurohormones angumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezinye izinto ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-amino acid nama-peptide, ngenxa yalokhu sekubhekwe ukuthi imizwa efana nentukuthelo, ukudabuka, injabulo, isifiso sobulili ivela ku-hypothalamus , ukuzwa ukuthandana, phakathi kwabanye.

I-hypothalamus inamandla okulawula, bese ilawula uhlelo lokuzimela, ngokusebenzisa ithonya elinalo esiqwini sobuchopho, elibhekwa njengesifunda esibhekele inkulumo ejwayelekile yomzimba, ukuxhumana kutholakala ngokuhlangana kwezinhlelo eziningi yakhiwe ngale ndlela, inqwaba ye-medial forebrain, ejoyina isiqu ne-hypothalamus ezinhlangothini ezimbili, nasesiqondisweni se-rostral, ijoyina isifunda septal ne-hypothalamus kanye nezindawo ze-prefrontal cortex.

Ukushisa

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-hypothalamus, i-rostral noma i-anterior, ngokwezokwelapha eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-parasympathetic, ne-caudal noma i-posterior, ethi ngokwemigomo yezokwelapha yaziwa njengokuzwela, enikezwa imisebenzi ehlukene ehlobene nokushisa, kube yi-parasympathetic leyo esabalalisa noma ukushisa, ngenkathi umfana omuhle enakekela lawula ukushisa komzimba ukuze ihlale ingaguquguquki futhi izinzile, incike ekulawuleni imvamisa yokujuluka nezinga lokuphefumula.

I-Neuroanatomy

I-hypothalamus ibonakaliswa ngokuba yisifunda senuzi ngokuphelele, yingakho iqukethe ukwakheka kwama-nuclei amaningana anezinto ezimpunga, ezinemikhawulo ethile, lapho kungashiwo okulandelayo.

• Umkhawulo ophansi: floor okungumkhawulo ophansi kakhulu walokhu owenziwe izingxenye eziningana, phakathi kwawo kukhona ama-mammillary tubercles, i-optic chiasm, ama-optic bands kanye nesiqu se-pituitary.
• Umkhawulo we-lateral: lokhu kuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamaphilisi angaphakathi.
• Umkhawulo wangaphambili: i-lamina ye-supra-optic, eyaziwa kangcono njenge-terminal lamina
• Umkhawulo ongemuva: kuse-trigone, okuthi ngendlela ethize, isendizeni engaphambili kunangemuva kwama-tubercles ama-mammillary.

Izinhlobo zeseli ku-hypothalamus

Ku-hypothalamus, kungabonakala izinhlobo ezimbili ze-neurons ezinekhono lokufihla, ezizochazwa ngezansi.

• Ama-neuron e-Magnocellular: Zithathwa njengesandiso se-hypothalamus, zaziwa njengamaseli amaningi, ngenxa yalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, yizo ezinosayizi omkhulu. Lezi zinekhono lokukhiqiza ama-hormone we-peptic nature, aziwa njenge-neuro-pituitary, lena yingxenye yezinzwa ye-pituitary, lapho kuthululwa khona igazi futhi ligcinwe futhi lithelwe khona.
• Ama-parvocellular neurons: zibonakala ngokuba nekhono lokukhipha izici ze-hypophysotropic ezaziwa kangcono njengama-peptide hormone atholakala ku-plexus eyinhloko yesikhundla esiphakathi, lapho kwenzeka khona ukukhuthazeka kwamanye amahomoni e-pituitary, labo ababangela lokhu ngama-hormone e-adenohypophysis, phakathi kwala mahomoni avame kakhulu i-gonadotropin, i-prolactin, ne-thyrotropin-ikhipha ama-hormone ngaphezu kwamahomoni akhuthaza ukukhula.

Lezi zinhlobo zama-neuron nazo zinamandla okukhiqiza izinhlobo ezimbili ze-somatic nuclei, okuyi-paraventricular ne-supraoptic.

Izakhi ze-Neural 

Ngaphandle kwama-nuclei amabili ashiwo esigabeni esedlule, kunezinye izinhlobo zalezi, phakathi kwazo okubaluleke kakhulu okulandelayo.

• I-nucleus ye-Dorso-medial.
• I-nucleus ye-Ventro-medial.
• I-mamillary nucleus.
• I-nucleus yokuqala.
• I-nucleus ye-Suprachiasmatic.
• I-nucleus engafundiwe.
• I-nuclei yesikhashana.
• I-nucleus yangaphakathi ye-hypothalamic.
• I-nucleus engemuva kwe-hypothalamic.

Ngayinye yalezi inezici ezahlukahlukene, okuyi yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni, njengemithetho yokushisa efana nokubanda noma ukushisa, ukusutha, ukukhishwa kwamahomoni nezinto, kanye nemisebenzi yozwela neye-parasympathetic, kufaka phakathi ukubamba iqhaza enkumbulweni nasezinhlelweni zokujuluka, nemizwa yendlala, ukwesaba, intukuthelo nayo yonke imizwa eyaziwayo.

AmaHormone akhiqizwa

Lesi sitho se-endocrine sinemisebenzi eminingi emihle kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, njengokukhishwa kwezinto ezivimbayo nezishukumisayo egazini ukugcina ukuhamba kahle kwalolu ketshezi olubalulekile, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwalo, noma njengokwakhiwa kwama-neurohormone amasha enzelwe ukuthi afihlwe emzimbeni, njenge-oxytocin ne-antidiuretic hormone.