Ngokwemigomo yamakhemikhali le nto yaziwa njenge ethanol, uluketshezi olungenambala olungaba yingozi kakhulu futhi lushise, ngoba lusetshenziselwa izinhloso ezinjalo, futhi lungabonakala empilweni yansuku zonke yabo bonke abantu, ngoba ngalezi ziphuzo ezidalelwe ukuzijabulisa nokuphumula kwabantu.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kubantu kungadala umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni, noma ngabe le ndlela yokukhiqiza akuyona yodwa lapho i-ethyl alcohol ibandakanyeka khona, ngoba kunezimboni eziningi ezisebenzisa le nto, ngoba izingxenye zayo zinokusetshenziswa okuhlukile nemisebenzi.
Okulandelayo, ingxenye yamakhemikhali eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Ethanol izokhonjiswa, bese kuthi ezinye ezinganikezwa yona, kukhombise ukuthi kokunye kwalokhu kusebenzisa ubungozi bokusebenzisa lezi zinto ngaphandle kolwazi olufanele, noma ukwaziswa okwanele, kungagcina sekukubi kakhulu izimo.
Yini i-ethyl alcohol?
I-Ethyl alcohol yigama okwaziwa ngalo isakhi samakhemikhali i- «Ethanol», nokuyinto engaphathwa ngezinga lokushisa nokucindezela okufanelekile, inezici zayo, njengokungakhombisi imibala, nokusha kakhulu. uvuselele.
Ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali kungakhombisa okwezinye iziphuzo ezidakayo ezifana newayini lezithelo, amanzi ashisayo, ubhiya, phakathi kokunye, okushiwo ngenhla ukuthi yi-CH3-CH2-OH. Okunezimpawu ezikuvumela ukuthi kungahambi kahle (ingaxubeka) namanzi, futhi iphuzu lokubila kwalo lisezingeni lokushisa cishe lama-75 degrees Celsius.
I-Etymology (Ethanol)
Igama lale nhlanganisela i-Ethanol yanikezwa yi-UPAC ukuthi amagama ayo ngesiSpanish asho ukuthi i-International Union of Pure Chemistry, eyavuma ukubeka lelo gama kuyo ngoba iveza i-molecule enama-athomu amabili ekhabhoni enikezwa isiqalo esithi «Et », Ezinesixhumanisi phakathi kwazo, ngenxa yalokhu kugcwaliswa ne-« indunu », bese kuthi yona iveze inyunyana eqenjini layo, iphele ngesijobelelo« ol », yakha igama lesayensi le-ethyl alcohol.
Ngo-1892, khona kanye eGeneva, esiseSwitzerland, kwabanjwa ingqungquthela yamazwe omhlaba yokuqokwa kwamagama ngamakhemikhali, ngo-Ephreli wangalowo nyaka kwaqanjwa igama elithi Ethanol ngenxa yesinqumo okwakuvunyelwene ngaso kulowo mcimbi.
UJustus Liebig, usokhemisi waseJalimane, nguyena owaqamba isiqalo se-ethyl kule nto namuhla esaziwa kangcono njenge-ethyl alcohol, ngoba itholakala emagameni amabili avela ezilimini ezahlukene, elokuqala yi-ether, elibhekisela kunoma iyiphi into amandla okuhwamuka ngaphansi kwemiphumela yokushisa noma ingcindezi, negama lesiGreki elithi hyle elisho into uqobo lwayo.
I-Ethyl alcohol isebenzisa
I-Ethanol inokusetshenziswa okuningi okwenzela ukukhiqiza amakhemikhali amaningi, phakathi kwawo inkambu ye-gastronomic ivelele, ngoba indlela eyinhloko yokusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa ngophuzo oludakayo.
Yize lokhu kunemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-magciwane, ngoba iyisilwi esihle sebhaktheriya, futhi futhi isetshenziswa njenge-antifreeze, noma i-solvent, konke kuncike embonini ewusebenzisayo nasezinjongo ezihloselwe yona .
Utshwala
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko okunikezwa i-ethyl alcohol (i-Ethanol) kunje ukwenziwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi ziphuzo, phakathi kwawo singabala ubhiya, ama-whiskeys, amanzi ashisayo, ama-rums, i-vodka, ama-liqueurs amnandi njenge-amaretto, i-champagne, phakathi kokunye okuningi.
Ngokusho kwe-UN, lolu hlobo lwezinto zengqondo luzuze isikhundla sokudliwa kakhulu ngabantu emhlabeni jikelele, ngoba abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezi-3000 bayavuma ukuthi bayidla ngokungaluthisi, ngengozi, ekugcineni noma ngokuhlukumeza.
Ungabhubhisa
Yaziwa nangokuthi utshwala obushisayo, ngoba uma buxutshwe esilinganisweni esithile notshwala be-methyl, bungakhiqiza uphethiloli wokuphrinta, osetshenziswa kulayini.
Lokhu kuqukethe izinhlanganisela zesici ezihlukile ezifana ne-pyroobite eyenza ukuthi kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe- okokubasa ezimbonini kanye nasekhaya. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala i-ethyl njengophethiloli kucwaningwa kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe abambe iqhaza e-UN, ngoba ihlangabezana nezidingo eziphakanyiswe kumthetho olandelwayo waseKyoto, oqukethe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okuholela ekukhiqizeni izinto eziyingozi imvelo.
Sebenzisa ezimbonini zamakhemikhali
Kule mboni ethile inokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inezimfanelo zokubulala amagciwane, yingakho isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanza, kanye nasekwakhiweni kwezinamathelisi namakhemikhali awuketshezi.
Izici zomzimba
I-Ethanol, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-ethyl alcohol, inezimfanelo ezithile ezenza ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni amanye amakhemikhali, kanye nezinye izici ezingaba kubi ekusetshenzisweni kwabantu, phakathi kwezici ezivelele kakhulu yilezi: ezilandelayo.
- Iyancibilika ezintweni ezinjengamanzi, i-methyl alcohol ne-chloroform
- Kubhekwa njenge-diluent universal, ngoba inganciphisa cishe noma iyiphi into, uma kungeyona yonke.
- It has a sici iphunga ethereal.
- Kuyinto hydrocarbon aliphatic.
- Kuwuketshezi oluvutha kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele lusetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu, ukugwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesigameko esingalindelekile.
- Ayinawo umbala, ngakho-ke yinto engenambala.
- It has a ukunambitheka akhethekile acrid.
- Ku-chemistry ungabona ifomula yayo ngokulandelayo: C2H5awu
Ubuthi be-Ethanol Kubantu
Yize le nto yaziwa emphakathini njengenye yezinto ezidume kakhulu, idatha efundwa futhi yaqinisekiswa yi-UN, ingaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu, beminyaka yonke, ngokugcizelela kakhulu izingane.
Kuhlukaniswe ngaphakathi i-psychotropic, Ngaphandle kokuba nezimfanelo eziluthayo, kungaholela abantu ekusetshenzisweni kwenye into ngokulinganayo noma embi njengokuyingozi, ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuyibangela nokuncipha kohlelo lwe-neural.
Kukhona nephuzu elithile lapho ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kuyabulala, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuthi kuyinto ekwenza udlame futhi kwenza abantu bangacabangi kahle ngezenzo zabo, futhi ezimweni eziningi balahlekelwa ingqondo, kepha inakho, izingxenye ezinobuthi ngempela zomzimba.
Ukumelana nale nto akuthuthuki kubantu abadala, ngoba amazinga ayo anobuthi aphakeme kakhulu kangangokuba umzimba awupheli ekujwayeleni imithamo yawo. Izingane zithinteka kakhulu kuleli cala, ngoba zisengozini enkulu ezingxenyeni zalo, futhi kunezimo zokudakwa ngokumboza imigwaqo yomoya yazo nezidwedwe ezimithiswe i-ethyl alcohol.
Ukusetshenziswa lezi ziphuzo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe zingaba yingozi ekwakheni imibungu, ukuzalwa nokukhubazeka, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka noma izifo ezibangelwa imiphumela ye-ethanol, engaholela ekutheni kube nesifo esidumile esidalwa ukuphuza i-ethyl alcohol eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-fetal alcohol syndrome.
Imithamo ebulalayo yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto ingu-5 kuye ku-8kg kubantu abadala, kuyilapho ezinganeni kuyimali ephansi, kuba ngu-3g7kg kuphela wale nto.
Izigaba Nemiphumela Yobuthi be-Ethyl Alcohol
Izigaba zokuqala ze- ukudakwa ukuphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo Kuyisimo iningi elidlule kulo, ukuthi ekuqaleni ungazizwa unesiyezi, noma i-vertigo, bese kuthi ube nenhlalakahle engajwayelekile, ube nomuzwa wobukhulu kwesinye isikhathi, ngenkathi ufinyelela esigabeni sesibili ungathola kungalawuleki kancane isimo, futhi izenzo zincike kumuntu.
Kepha bambalwa kakhulu abazaziyo izigaba zokugcina zalokhu, ngoba zimbi kakhulu, futhi zenza umonakalo omkhulu ebudlelwaneni bezenhlalo, imvamisa emva kokuba ukudakwa okungalawulwa kufika okuphelele, lapho imicabango, ukucabanga, izinzwa, nemibono yomuntu ngamunye ziphele nya, futhi lokhu cishe akunakusabela kunoma yisiphi isikhuthazi, kulandela isigaba esibucayi, esivame ukudala ukufa.
Ngokuphathelene nemiphumela yokudla okunempilo engabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethyl alcohol, kungahle kube ne-hyperglycemia, noma i-hypoglycemia, okuyizinguquko kumazinga kashukela egazini, kanye nokudla okunganele kwamavithamini namaminerali, ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism, nokungondleki kahle ngenxa yokushoda kwama-calories umzimba.
Iziguli ezingazibekezeleli lezi zinto zingaba nemiphumela emibi njengokufa, noma ezimweni ezingathi sína kakhulu, izenzo ezibucayi zobuwula, ukuzithiba, injabulo ngaphandle kwesisusa, ukudideka, injabulo futhi kungadala nekhoma.
Eminye imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu, ngoba inzima empilweni yabantu, futhi lokhu kuvame ukuvela ngokuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kokudla kwabo, okungaholela ekuphefumuleni nasezinhlizweni zenhliziyo, i-metabolic acidosis, ukuquleka, ukungahambi kahle kokuziphatha noma ngabe awudli i-ethyl alcohol, ukujuluka okungajwayelekile nokuhogela, izimpawu ezinjalo zingabulala ngempela noma yimuphi umuntu.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka ubuthi obukhulu?
Kube nezigameko eziningi zabantu abaphuza iziphuzo ezidakayo ngokweqile, futhi bagcina sebengazi lutho, kokunye kungaba ngamakhoma we-ethyl.
Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu noma yimuphi umuntu owaziwayo ebengangena kulezi zifundazwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo ukuyonikezwa ukwelashwa okudingekayo, okuvame ukufaka ukuhlinzekwa kwezakhi zomzimba kanye nama-serum okuhambisa amanzi ukuzinzisa isimo sabantu.
Kanye nezinye izinto ezisiza ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni ziyasetshenziswa, njengabanye abantu abanomkhuba wokuphuza ubisi ukuze banciphise ubuthi, ngoba lolu ketshezi lapho lubopha notshwala emzimbeni lubanga ukuhlanza okwenzeka ngokushesha, okungasiza kancane ekususweni kwe-ethanol emzimbeni.