I-Atomism isize ubuhlakani ukuthi bufinyelele eziphethweni zesayensi mayelana nokwakheka kwamaselula. Inhlayiyana ngayinye eyakha isidalwa esingumuntu inesizathu sokuba khona kwayo, ngokusho kukaMileto, lezi zinhlayiya ezingahlukaniseki zenza imvelaphi yokwakhiwa kwento ngayinye ethintekayo endaweni yonke.
Lo mcabangi ongumGreki wenza iminikelo eminingi kwezesayensi, ekhombisa ngesikhathi sakhe ukuthi umuntu usekhule kangakanani; Ngeshwa kuLeucippus ezikhathini zamanje kuncane kakhulu okukhonjwe ukuthi kungokwakhe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umfundi wakhe nguyena owamukela imibono yakhe njengeyakhe. Uma ufuna ukwazi okuningi ngempilo le ndoda ebabazekayo neminikelo eyenze kusayensi yanamuhla, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa le ndatshana ethokozisayo.
Umlando kaLeucippus waseMileto
Wazalelwa eMileto ngekhulu lesihlanu BC, uLeucippus wayeyisazi sefilosofi esingumGreki, owokuqala ukudalula ukwahlukaniswa okubalulekile okungenziwa ngokungapheli, umbono wakhe uthi i-athomu ngayinye yakhiwe yizinhlayiya ezingakhula ngokwehlukana kuze kube yilapho zifinyelela mhlawumbe isibonakaliso sayo sesigidi esincane kakhulu ; Ngokusho kwakhe, i-athomu ngayinye ingaba nesikhathi lapho ingasayihlukanisi.
Ebusheni bakhe wayengumfundi kaParmenides owayemthanda kakhulu futhi kamuva owayezogqugquzelwa uLeucippus, ngenxa kaParmenides, uLeucippus wakwazi ukwakha umbono wakhe ngokususelwa ezifundweni ezazenziwa uthisha wakhe phambilini, owaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yonke ayinako ukungasebenzi nokunyakaza.
Wayenguthisha kaDemocritus, owathi kanye noLeucippus bakhulisa inkolelo yokuthi namuhla siyazi njenge-athomu. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo kaLeucippus, okulotshwe emlandweni kungenxa yemibhalo ethile ebhalwe ngu-Aristotle, Simplicius noma ne-Sixth Empiricist.
Enye inguqulo yemicimbi, igcizelela ukuthi lo mlingiswa akakaze abekhona, okwakusungulwe umfundi wakhe uDemocritus ukuthola udumo ngombono we-athomu. Kodwa-ke, uhlala ungumbuzo njengoba, njengoba sishilo phambilini, kunemininingwane emincane kakhulu ngempilo kaLeucippus.
Ngesikhathi uDemocritus ethula umbono we-athomu, wenza yedwa, ngakho-ke lonke udumo ngophenyo luye kuye, yingakho ubukhona bukaLeucippus bungatshazwa; nakuba u-Aristotle kamuva asho komunye wemibhalo yakhe eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungazihlanganisi ngokungaziwa imibono ye-atomism emasikweni, kwenza iDemocritus yafaneleka kakhulu.
Ifilosofi kaLeucippus
Kuyadingeka ukwenza i-parenthesis ngempilo yansuku zonke yamaGrikhi angaleso sikhathi, imithetho yabo kanye nezinkambiso zokuziphatha zazakhiwe ngezinkolelo zenkolo ezigxile kakhulu, yize kuyiqiniso ukuthi bekuyimpucuko ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wendawo yonke, bebeswele izimiso zesayensi.
Inzuzo enkulu kwakuyifilosofi njengomthetho wempilo, owasetshenziswa empilweni yansuku zonke yesakhamuzi saseGrisi, ngenxa yalokhu ubukhulu bokukwazi ukubuza ngemvelaphi nokudalwa kwendawo yonke uqobo lwayo, ukuthi afinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi imibono eyaphakanyiswa nguLeucippus yayingewona amanga ngokuphelele njengoba ekuqaleni ayefuna ukuyenza ibone.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe uLeucippus wayehlose ukudala izingxabano emphakathini, noma ngabe wayefuna noma cha, wanikeza ukuvela komuntu imininingwane eminingi edingekayo.
Ngendlela efanayo, uLeucippus emcabangweni wakhe wathi indawo yonke yakhiwa ngama-athomu ahlelwa futhi ahlukaniswa, ahamba engenalutho ngokuvumelana noshintsho lwawo.
Lapho-ke, umphakathi waleyo nkathi yomlando wawungabaza ngemvelaphi ephelele yendawo yonke, uma umbono wokuthi uLeucippus waseMileto awuphakamisayo wawungokoqobo.
Ifilosofi yayiqhubeka ngokubandakanya umuntu, kukodwa, le nkathi yesikhathi yayingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu kumuntu, ihambisana nokuzalwa kabusha. Indoda yaseGrisi lasendulo yaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi emibonweni ehlukahlukene, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokwazi ukuthi onkulunkulu ababebhekele yonke into bakhona ngempela yini; kodwa ngeqiniso lokucabanga ukuthi intando yomuntu, ukucabanga nefilosofi yakhe kungalawulwa ngama-athomu, pho-ke, sasiyini isizathu sokuba khona uma konke okwenzeka endaweni yonke kungancikile kumuntu? Okubi kakhulu, indoda enengqondo ngaleso sikhathi, yazizwa ingelutho olukhulu ngoba yayicabanga ukuthi inkululeko yeqiniso ayinakufinyeleleka, uma indawo yonke ilawulwa ama-athomu hhayi intando yomuntu. Ingabe inkululeko yethu igcwele?
Umbono we-athomu
Izisekelo zalo mbono zisuselwa ezakhiweni ezimbili eziyisisekelo: indawo yonke yakhelwe kuphela ngendaba kanye nokuhlanza.
Yonke imicabango yokuthi umuntu uthatha impilo yakhe nendawo ezungezile yakhiwa ubukhona bezinto ezimbili zomhlaba.
Kungenzeka ukuthi le mbono isuselwa kozakwabo kulokho obekungaba umbono kaParmenides wokuphika ubukhona bokuba yize.
Ngendlela efanayo, uLeucippus wabuza umbono uthisha wakhe awuphakamisa, wathi akulungile neze ukucabanga ukuthi imitha ayinakukwazi ukunyakaza noma izinguquko ngoba lezo bezingenakulinganiswa ngokubona kwezinzwa kuphela.
Bekusobala ukufakazela ushintsho lwento yemvelo ngokubona okubonakalayo, futhi bekungasho ukuthi le nto ingosayizi we-athomu.
Ngakho-ke uLeucippus waseMileto uphakamisa isidingo sokuba khona kwesikhala ukuze ama-athomu angene kuwo akwazi ukwenza ngokukhululeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela akwazi ukuguqula udaba olwalakhiwe yibo.
Ngokungafani nomqondo wokuba yize uPythagoras akuveza njengobukhona bomoya, ubuze obukhonjiswa nguLeucippus bunencazelo engokoqobo, abunalutho.
KuLeucippus, udaba lwakhiwa izigidi zezinhlayiya ezincane ngosayizi, ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlayiya akunakwenzeka ukuzibona ngaphambi kwezinzwa zomkhawulo womuntu.
Ama-athomu aqinisekisa ukuba khona kwama-athomu angajwayelekile anezici ezithile ezimweni zawo njengezinto eziphilayo ezingenabude obubalwayo, kanti amanye ama-athomu alinganayo ngokuphelele; zombili ziyisisekelo sokusebenza kwendaba endaweni yonke.
Vele, kuya ngezimpawu zama-athomu akha uhlobo oluthile lwento, into noma into izoba nomsebenzi ohlukile ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke uqobo, okungukuthi, ama-athomu akha umlilo ahluke kakhulu kulezo ezakha Amanzi.
Leucippus namuhla
Namuhla, yonke intuthuko emkhakheni wezokwelapha ihlelwe ngokuqinile ngaphansi kombono kaLeucippus. Ukuqedwa kwezifo ezithile ezibulalayo ezazithi ngezikhathi zazo ziyala ukuba khona komuntu, zivikelwe yi-athomu.
Futhi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe evumele abantu ukuthi bazizwele ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele, futhi isazohlala isuselwa kumqondo we-athomu kaLeucippus waseMileto.