I-Classical physics iyona efanelekile ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezingokwemvelo yomuntu, kanye nokuchaza izakhiwo zesistimu yelanga kanye nokunikezwa kwendawo yonke izimpendulo ezingagculisi kukho konke ukungabaza ngendalo.
Namuhla besifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane ephelele kakhulu mayelana ne-physics yakudala ukuze ube nombono ongokoqobo ngemibuzo ehlukile ephakamayo ngalesi sayensi emangalisayo.
I-physics yakudala
Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa kwi-physics eyayikhona ngaphambi kokuvela kwemishini ye-quantum ifaka amagatsha ahlukile okutadisha okufana ne-thermodynamics, optics, acoustics, electromagnetism phakathi kokunye. I-Classical physics ibizwa nangokuthi leyo eyayikhona ngaphambi kuka-1900 futhi i-physics yanamuhla ifaka phakathi neminyaka engu-1900 kuya phambili, ukufika kwe-quantum mechanics kwanikeza i-classical physics ebhekwa njengombono omusha.
I-physics yanamuhla
Ukwenza ubakaki ngaphambi kokuqhubeka uchaze amagatsha ahlukene we-classical physics, kuyadingeka ukuwehlukanisa ne-physics yanamuhla.
UMax Planck uqala eyakhe "malini" uphenyo amandla ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, elachaza ukuthi lalinezinhlayiya zamandla ezingahlukaniseki.
Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho leli gatsha elisha le-physics lazalwa elifuna ukutadisha ukwahluka okukhona kuma-athomu, izindlela zokuziphatha ezahlukahlukene ezibalulekile nendaba elawula zombili. I-physics yanamuhla icwaninga ngezinto ezenzeka ngejubane lokukhanya noma amanani asondela kuyo.
Ngokunjalo, izinkinga ezivelayo azikwazanga ukuxazululwa ngezindlela ezivela ku-physics yakudala, yalokhu ukwazi ukucubungula kabusha uphenyo kanye nezakhiwo ze-classical physics futhi uvumelanise igama le-physics yanamuhla ezifundweni nasemibhalweni ehambelana nendawo.
Yimaphi amagatsha e-classical physics?
Ukuze kufundwe kangcono isayensi, amagatsha awo amakhulu ahlukaniswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke, umuntu ukwazile ukwenza kangcono kulezi zindawo ngendlela eyiyo futhi axhumana nomhlaba ngentuthuko entsha ezifundweni ezishiwoyo.
I-Acoustics
Indlebe yomuntu yakhelwe ukubona amagagasi, kufanele yenziwe ngaphansi kwenqubo yokutadisha ekhombisa ubude namandla abo. Kungakho i-acoustics yazalwa, leli gatsha le-classical physics liphethe funda konke ukudlidliza kwamagagasi ukuze ekugcineni ihunyushwe njengemisindo.
Ucwaningo lwe-acoustics lubandakanya umculo, ukwakheka komhlaba, ulwandle kanye nezinto ezisemkhathini, ngokujwayelekile, leli gatsha le-physics liphethe ukutadisha imisindo ekhishwa ebaleni lomhlaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuveza ifayela le- i-psychoacoustics, ebhekele ukutadisha imiphumela ezingeni lomzimba elivela ezinhlelweni zebhayoloji.
IMecánica
Leli gatsha lihlobene nezindikimba zomzimba lapho zingaphansi kwamandla okufuduka futhi, nemiphumela evelayo lapho itholwa yile mikhosi.
Kuthathwa njengesihlokwana esingaphansi kwesifundo se- izenzakalo zomzimba ezenzeka ezintweni ezingaphansi kwamandla emvelo, ezinhlayiya ezisesimweni sokuphumula noma ezinyakazayo kepha ezingaphansi kakhulu kwejubane lokukhanya.
Ugesi
Uzibuthe nogesi kuvela emandleni kagesi, kungaleso sikhathi lapho ugesi kagesi uligatsha le-physics yakudala elichaza ukuthi inqubo ukuxhumana phakathi kukagesi namandla kazibuthe.
Ukwazi leli gatsha ngokujula, kuyadingeka ukugcizelela ukuthi amandla kazibuthe adalwe ngokuhamba kwamandla kagesi, futhi amandla kazibuthe akwazi yenza amandla kagesi noma ukwehluleka lokho, ukunyakaza kwempahla.
Ngokuyinhloko, kumvelaphi wayo, i-electromagnetism yathathwa njengesifundo sezinto ezenzeka ngokuzungeza umbani kanye nemisebe ekhiqizwa njengomphumela wokukhanya.
Futhi, uzibuthe wakwazi ukuba khona ezintweni ezinjengamakhampasi ukuhola indlela, esikhathini esedlule wawusetshenziselwa le nhloso.
Isimo sezinhlayiya ekuphumuleni sabonwa ikakhulukazi yisiko lamaRoma okwathi uma libona ukuthi umphumela wavela kanjani lapho uhlikihla ikama, laheha izinhlayiya ezintsha. Ngokufingqa, kuphethwe ukuthi amacala amahle ahlehlise futhi aphikisayo ahehe.
Imishini yamanzi
Leli gatsha le-classical physics licwaninga ukuhamba okukhona oketshezi kanye namagesi, kusuka kuleli gatsha kuvela amanye imikhakha engaphansi efana ne-hydrodynamics ne-aerodynamics.
Imishini ye-Fluid isetshenziswa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo: ukubalwa kwamandla asetshenziswa ezindizeni, ubuningi be-fluid fluid, ukubikezelwa kwezimo zezulu.
Izinketho
Leli gatsha le-classical physics liphathelene nokufundwa kwezinto ezibukwayo kanye izakhiwo ezilula kufaka phakathi ukuhlangana okungenzeka kwayo nodaba.
Ichaza zonke izinqubo ezenzeka ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo, i-ultraviolet, ne-infrared. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhanya ngokuyinhloko kungamagagasi kagesi afana nama-x-ray, ama-microwaves, namagagasi omsakazo ngokwawo aletha amagagasi afanayo.
Leli gatsha ibalulekile emikhakheni eminingi abaphethe ukutadisha izinto ezihlotshaniswa nayo, njengezokwelapha, izithombe, isayensi yezinkanyezi nobunjiniyela.
I-Thermodynamics
Siyaqhubeka ne-thermodynamics, leli gatsha le-physics licwaninga ngemiphumela yomsebenzi, amandla nokushisa ohlelweni oluthile. Igatsha le-physics kusha kusukela wazalwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngokuzalwa kwenjini yomusi. Ngamafuphi, i-thermodynamics ibhekele ukubuka nokulinganisa izenzeko ezahlukahlukene ezenzekayo.
Ukuxhumana okuncane kwegesi okwenzeka kulesi sikali kubizwa noma kuchazwe ngombono we-kinetic wamagesi. Yimigomo ehlobene komunye nomunye ukugcwalisa izindlela ezichaza i-thermodynamics noma i-kinetic theory. Kunemithetho emithathu elawula i-thermodynamics futhi iyiyo Umthetho we-Enthalpy, okuholela kufayela le- umthetho we-entropy ngakho-ke kuzalwa owesithathu, ongu umthetho we-zeroth.