Ukusetshenziswa nezakhiwo ze-sodium hydroxide

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-caustic soda, ingabonwa ngezici zayo, njengokuthi iqine okumhlophe namandla wokumunca umswakama okungenzeka ukuthi usemoyeni, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okujwayelekile ngendlela yayo eqinile noma ngesisombululo esingu-50% cishe .

I-sodium hydroxide inezakhiwo zomzimba ezimangazayo, njengokuthi uma ufaka isixazululo ngamanzi, kuyaye kube njalo yenza amazinga okushisa aphakeme ngempela, kanye nezakhi zayo zamakhemikhali njengokugqwala kwayo kungabonakala.

Indlela eyisisekelo yokuthola i-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa inqubo eyimbangela, lapho uhlobo lwe-hydroxide lufakwa nenhlanganisela ethile ye-sodium.

Ezimbonini zomkhakha wesibili wemisebenzi yezomnotho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabonwa kaningi kakhulu ukukwazi ukukhiqiza ukwehluka okukhulu kwemikhiqizo. Le nhlanganisela iyasebenza kakhulu, ngenxa yokungazinzi kwayo okukhulu.

Ngokuphathelene ne-sodium hydroxide, nokuvezwa kwalokhu kubantu, ezinye izinkomba zingaqanjwa ukwazi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini uhlobo lokuxhumana nalesi sakhi, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi, ngoba kungadala izimo ezinzima emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinjengamehlo, isikhumba, nomgudu wokuphefumula, futhi ngokuzenzakalela uhlelo lokuphefumula.

Incazelo ye-sodium hydroxide

I-sodium hydroxide nayo ingatholakala njenge i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium hydrate, i-caustic soda kanye ne-caustic soda. Kuma-chemistry kungachazwa ngefomula i-NaOH, lokhu kusiza kakhulu ezimbonini njengesisekelo, ngoba iwuhlobo lwe-caustic hydroxide, ngalo ungenza iphepha nezithako zalo, okokuhlanza, phakathi kwabanye.

Kunokusetshenziswa okuningi kwe-sodium hydroxide, ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle, njengokusebenza njenge ukukhipha isitsha sokuvula, amapayipi, phakathi kokunye, futhi nakho kungabonakala ezimbonini zikawoyela ekukhiqizeni udaka olusetshenziselwa ukubhola okususelwa emanzini.

Izici zamakhemikhali

Le nhlanganisela ine-reaction yamakhemikhali ye-hydroxide, kusuka lapha ithola amagama ayo ahlukile "i-sodium hydroxide". Phakathi kokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko kwale nhlanganisela yizinga layo lokugqwala, eliphakeme kakhulu, nokusabela kwalo okuthusayo.

Izakhiwo zomzimba

Lapho i-sodium hydroxide isekamelweni lokushisa kungabonakala njenge-hygroscopic crystalline solid, okusho ukuthi inamandla okumunca umswakama ongahle ube semoyeni, le hydroxide kuvela ukuthi ibola kakhulu.

Lapho i-sodium hydroxide incibilika emanzini noma inciphise i-asidi, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphakeme, angakhipha izinto ezishayo. Le nhlanganisela yenziwa ngokukhiqiza, kube izindlela zayo ezijwayeleke kakhulu zokusetshenziswa esimweni esiqinile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube nezixazululo ngamanzi angama-50%.

Ukusebenza kabusha kwe-Sodium Hydroxide

Le nhlanganisela ayihambelani nezinye izinto ezinjengamanzi, zonke izinhlobo zeziphuzo ezivuthayo, ama-asidi, kanye nezakhi ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-tin, ne-aluminium, okuthi uma kuxhumana nazo kungenzeka kubange imililo.

Ungaqaphela futhi ukwakheka kosawoti abazwela kakhulu koxhumana nabo, noma umthelela othile, lapho uvezwa kumakhemikhali e-nitro, njenge-nitro-methane. Ungabona ukwakheka kwegesi ye-hydrogen evuthayo kuyo.

Asikho isimo esinomthelela ekungazinzi kahle kwalesi sakhi, futhi nemikhiqizo eyingozi evela ekubolile kwe-sodium hydroxide ingabonwa.

Ngenxa yokugqwala okulethwa yile nhlanganisela, ukudalula eminye imikhiqizo noma okokusebenza kuyo kungadala ukonakala nomonakalo ongalungiseki, phakathi kwale mikhiqizo singabala injoloba, ipulasitiki nokunye ukumbozwa.

Izindlela zokuthola i-sodium hydroxide

Phakathi kwezindlela zesimanje ze Ukuthola le nhlanganisela kwenziwa nge-electrolysis yesixazululo samanzi se-sodium chloride noma esaziwa nangokuthi i-brine, yize izimboni eziningi zikhetha enye indlela yakudala eyenza inqubo ebizwa nge-causticisation, ebhekisa kuhlobo oluthile lwe-hydroxide ehlanganiswa ne-sodium. Lokhu kungaqondakala njengomkhiqizo noma imfucuza eshiywe ekukhiqizeni i-chlorine.

Ukuchaza okuncane ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhi kusebenza kanjani, kungachazwa ngokulandelayo, njengoba i-electrolysis iqhubeka, ama-chloride abola, esuswa ngokuphelele yi-hydroxide ions, ahlanganiswe nama-sodium cations, akwazi ukwakha i-sodium hydroxide, noma i-sodium hydroxide.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide

Phakathi kokusetshenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu okunganikezwa i-sodium hydroxide wusizo lwayo lokuthola i-aluminium kusuka ku-bauxite ngenqubo yeBayer, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalenhlanganisela yokupheka iminqumo, nezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobonhlobo zayo.

Isetshenziselwa ukususa upende wakudala kusuka kufenisha, kanye nokususa upende wendabuko. Ingatholakala emikhiqizweni ejwayelekile efana ne-drain cleaners kanye ne-oven cleaner.

Phakathi kwe izinto ezingenziwa nge-sodium hydroxide Bangopende kanye ne-petroleum derivatives, amakhrayoni, insipho, ezinye izinhlobo zeziqhumane, iphepha, ubukhona babo bungabonakala nasezinhlelweni ezifana nokuhlanza izingubo kanye ne-bleaching, i-oxide coating, yokucubungula izindwangu zikakotini, ukukhishwa kwe-electrolytic kanye ne-electroplating.

Imiphumela yokuvezwa

Ukuvezwa kwale nhlanganisela kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yanoma yimuphi umuntu, ngoba inezinto ezinamandla kakhulu ezonakalisayo ezingadala ukusuka ekucasukeni okuncane kuze kube ukusha kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi ngempela.

Imizila evezwe kalula kunazo zonke umgudu wokuphefumula, izicubu ezibhekisa esikhunjeni, emehlweni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nohlelo lokugaya ukudla ngenxa yokungenwa okungenzeka. Okulandelayo yizingozi ezingadalwa wukuchayeka ngokweqile ku-sodium hydroxide.

• Ukungena: Lapho ufaka le nhlanganisela, kungaholela ekulimaleni okuphelele kohlelo lokugaya ukudla, ngenxa yamazinga ayo aphezulu okulimaza angashisa ngisho nezindonga zamathumbu, kubangele ukulimala okukhulu kubo, kanye nasezikhathini ezinganamandla kangako, ubuthi bungabonakala.
• Amehlo: Ukuvezwa kwamehlo kungadala ukusha okukhulu kwe-corneal, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ukungaboni okuncane noma okuphelele.
• Isikhumba: kungadala ukugqwala kwesikhumba, ngisho nezilonda, kanye nokucasuka okuncane, noma ukusha okukhulu.
• Ukuphefumula: Ezimweni ezimnene, kungabonakala ukucasuka okuncane kwamakhala, yize kutholakala ngokweqile, lapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu le-sodium hydroxide, ukusha okukhulu kungabonakala emgudwini wokuphefumula, mhlawumbe okuholela ekufeni.

Ukunakekelwa okukhulu kumele kwenziwe lapho kusebenza ezitshalweni lapho le nhlanganisela iphathwa khona, ngenxa yamazinga ayo aphezulu wokugqwala, ngoba ingadala izimo ezinjengalezo ezibonwe engxenyeni edlule, futhi ukuze uzelaphe kuyadingeka ukugeza okuveziwe izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi, uphuze amanzi amaningi uma kwenzeka ungeniswa, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu.