Uyini ugesi omningi kakhulu emkhathini womhlaba?

Umkhathi wakhiwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezakhi zamakhemikhali, ezigcina impilo ekhona ngendlela esiyazi ngayo, kusukela ezimweni zesikhala, okuyingozi kuyo.

Amagesi abaluleke kakhulu ebukhazikhazini obukhona emhlabeni, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zawo, kodwa kungenzeka ukubala ukuthi iyiphi ephethe ingxenye enkulu kakhulu nesikhala esikhulu kunazo zonke emkhathini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekondleni impilo yi-nitrogen, i-argon ne-oxygen, nayo enenala enkulu.

Uyini umkhathi?

Umkhathi iqoqo lamagesi, akha ungqimba oluncane kakhulu nolungaphandle kakhulu lweplanethi, olwehluka ngokwakheka kuye ngobude, ngoba izingcindezi ezahlukahlukene zitholakala kuzo, lokhu kwaziwa ngokuhlangana njengomoya, okuyiwona odlulela phakathi amakhilomitha okuqala ayi-11 wokuphakama aqala olwandle.

Amagesi amakhulu akulesi sikhathi yi-nitrogen ne-78% elandelwa yi-oxygen eyenza ama-21% kanti ngemuva kwalokhu, i-argon ene-0.93% ephansi esikalini yi-carbon dioxide, nomhwamuko wamanzi.

Inezimfanelo ezinhle zokuzivikela ezinsongweni ezivela emkhathini, njengama-meteorite ahlukaniswa yilolu ungqimba lwamagesi, ngaphezu kokusebenza njengohlobo lwesihlangu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet ephuma elangeni, eyingozi kakhulu kubantu.

Lokhu kuguqulwe ngokuhamba kweminyaka, yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezihlale emhlabeni, njengabantu abaphefumula umoya-mpilo futhi bakhiphe isikhutha lapho bephefumula, okusetshenziswa izitshalo futhi okuphambene nalokho. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ngokubambisana ne-hydrosphere ehlisa amazinga okushisa anobutha angadala ubusuku noma imini.

Amagesi amakhulu asemkhathini

Njengoba kushiwo, lokhu kwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagesi, okukhona kuzo ezinye ezinesikhala esithe xaxa kunezinye, ngezansi kunohlu ngokulandelana kwazo.

I-nitrogen

Lokhu kwenza u-78% womkhathi wonke, ube yigesi eningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni, uyinto yamakhemikhali emelwe ngu-N, onesisindo se-athomu esingu-14,01 futhi njengenombolo ye-athomu wanikezwa u-7

I-oksijini

Ukuthatha igesi yesibili egcwele kakhulu emkhathini, ngoba imele ama-28% ayo, enenombolo ye-athomu engu-8, enkulu kune-nitrogen, futhi lokhu kumelwa ngu-O, yigesi esekela impilo emhlabeni, inamandla i-antioxidant ejenti, futhi ine-electronegativity yesibili ephezulu yazo zonke izinto

I-Argon

Kwenza u-0,93% wawo wonke umoya, igama elivela kumaGrikhi, okubhalwe ngolimi lwabo ?????? futhi ihunyushwa njengengasebenzi, ngoba le gesi ibonakala ngokungasabeli nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali, inombolo yayo ye-athomu ingu-18, futhi imelwe yizinhlamvu.

Lezi yizintathu zokuqala futhi eziyinhloko ezakha umkhathi, ukuze kamuva kufike amanye amagesi afana ne-carbon dioxide (CO2) ane-0,4%, i-neon ene-0,0018%, i-helium ene-0,00052%, i-methane ene-0,00017%, i-krypton ene-0,0011% kanye ne-hydrogen eno-0,00005%, okunye cishe cishe akukho njenge-nitrous oxide ne-carbon monoxide ngokwesibonelo.

Uyini ugesi omningi kakhulu emkhathini womhlaba?

Ngoba i-nitrogen yigesi eningi kakhulu emkhathini womhlaba, edingekayo ekondleni impilo, ngoba yakha umoya omkhulu ophefumulwa yizo zonke izinto eziphilayo, uzongena ujule maqondana nawo.

I-Etymology

Igama elivela esiLatini elithi "Nitrium" elihumusha njengokukhiqiza noma izakhi zofuzo, alinikwa nguDaniel Rutherford, udokotela, usokhemisi, okwathi ekuzameni kwakhe wakwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide, washiya i-nitrogen njengengxenye eyinsalela, lokhu unyaka we-1772, yize osokhemisi beNkathi Ephakathi bebeyisebenzisa ekuhlolweni okuthile, ngokusho kwemibhalo ethile yalokhu.

I-nitrogen ingatholwa ngokuncibilikisa, kanye nangokufaka iziphuzo zazihluzwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi emkhathini kunomthombo ocishe ungapheli walesi sakhi

Umjikelezo wemvelo 

Amagciwane anesibopho sokukhiqiza i-nitrogen, ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi edingekayo ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi zithuthukise impilo yazo, ngoba lokhu kumunca le ngxenye, bese kusebenza njengokudla kwezilwane ezidla imifino, okuthi uma izichitha, amabhaktheriya aguqule izingxenye zibe i-nitrogen emsulwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen

I-nitrogen isetshenziselwa ukudala i-ammonia, engabonakala empilweni yansuku zonke, nokuthi yikuphi ukulinganiswa kwezebhizinisi okubaluleke kakhulu, okwesibili kukhona igesi le-methane elivela ngemuva kokukhiqiza ukusabela kwe-carbon dioxide ne-hydrogen ngomphunga wamanzi.

Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwalesi sakhi kusezinhlelweni zefriji, umsebenzi wazo ukusebenzisa iziqandisi, ama-air conditioner ezindlini nasezimotweni, yingakho itholakala kuyo yonke imizi emphakathini, i-nitrogen engamanzi inokusetshenziswa okungapheli, okumele kuqaphele izinga lokushisa kwayo , ngoba ingancibilikisa ngisho isikhumba salabo ababhekene nalolu daba ngqo.

I-Ammonia iyisakhi esiyinhloko semikhiqizo eminingi yezentengiselwano ebaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yansuku zonke yabantu, njengokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki, lokho kokudla okukhethekile kwemfuyo, ekwakheni umanyolo nokunye okuningi.

Imiphumela yezempilo ye-nitrogen

Ngenxa yokusebenzisa kakhulu i-nitrogen ekhuluma ngayo yonke imizwa, njenge-athikili yokusetshenziswa, nokusetshenziswa, ngoba izinto eziningi zanamuhla ziqukethe ipulasitiki, nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ukudala umanyolo, okudingeka ukulima izitshalo zemifino, imifino kanye izithelo, kudliwa ngokungaqondile.

Eminye yemiphumela ingaba kanjena:

• Kubanga izinga eliphansi lokugcina emzimbeni kavithamini A.
• Kungadala ukwehla kokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo egazini.
• Isheshisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-nitrosamine, okuyiyona nto eyinhloko edala izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza.
• Kuyisici esinqumayo sokwehluleka kwemisebenzi yendlala yegilo.