Ifilosofi ingenye yesayensi enhle kakhulu umuntu akwazi ukuyifunda, ngayo sifuna ukuthola impendulo ngqo yemibuzo ekhona kuxhunyaniswe nokutholakala kokuba. Ifilosofi inomsuka wayo eGrisi, lapho izazi zefilosofi zokuqala zazalelwa khona ukunikeza incazelo ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo ezinikezelwe ukutadisha izinto ezenzeka emvelweni ngendlela enengqondo.
Imikhakha eyandulelayo eyandulelayo njengeyinto yokufunda okuthile ngokukhethekile ivela kuyo, ngokwesibonelo, izimiso zokuziphatha, i-aesthetics, i-ontology namanye amagatsha alolonga yonke into endaweni yonke, lokho konke okungakwazi ukwehluleka ukuthola incazelo. Noma isifundo sefilosofi.
Uyini ifilosofi?
Uthando lokuhlakanipha owazalelwa eGrisi lasendulo, leli gama lazalwa ezandleni zikaPythagoras. Izazi zefilosofi zokuqala zazifuna ukunikeza izimpendulo kukho konke iqiniso elilula lokuthola ulwazi. Kukhona labo bafuna okuhle ngaphezu kokusebenza njengoPlato, noma labo abafuna umqondo noma incazelo yezinto ezenzeka emvelweni ngendlela echazayo.
Kancane kancane kwakuyizinkolelo ezigxilile zabankulunkulu namandla abo okulawula izinto zemvelo ezaqala ukubumba isazi sefilosofi, owayengaseneliseki ngombono wokuthi nguZeus owenza amaZulu; Manje, kwakukhona okungale, ngale kukaNkulunkulu, kukhona ukuba futhi ukutholwa nokuhlolwa kokuba khona kwakuyizakhiwo ezimbili ezazincike ekuzalweni kwefilosofi.
Ngokungafani nenkolo, ifilosofi akuyona into ekholwa ezintweni zemvelo, kuyincazelo ehlaziyayo nenengqondo yalokho okungaqondakali; leyo inhloso yayo enkulu, kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi kukhona indawo yonke engenamkhawulo ehlala umuntu.
Emigqeni ejwayelekile, iqiniso, ubuhle, isimilo, ingqondo, ubukhona, ulimi nolwazi; Bayizinto okukhulunywa ngazo ezizonikeza isiphetho sangemva kwalokho okuhloselwe ukukufunda.
Yini iziyalo zefilosofi?
Okokuqala, isiyalo sefilosofi siyincazelo eyisisekelo yomqondo ohlose ukutadisha into ethile ikakhulukazi; ngokususelwa encazelweni yezakhi zayo futhi ngombandela ohlobene naleso siyalo. Kunemikhakha eyisi-8 eyinhloko yefilosofi futhi yile elandelayo:
Ingqondo
Akuyona isayensi ehlelekile, kepha kuyisiyalo esisetshenziswa ekutadisheni ifilosofi. Ingesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ngoba kunciphisa isimilo noma umphumela wokugcina ngenxa yenqubo yokuqonda ngokushesha; ngaphandle kokushiya ngemuva udinga ukuhlaziya ngokujulile lokho ofuna ukukufunda.
I-etymology yaleli gama ivela "kuma-logo" futhi ihlobene nemibono, umcabango, isizathu noma isimiso. Kungakho kulandela ukuthi lowo mqondo yisayensi efunda imibono.
I-logic isetshenziselwa ukwenza umqondo wento ethile ngokuya ngesakhiwo ukufinyelela esiphethweni. Kuvumelekile noma cha, umqondo njalo ngifuna okunengqondo phezu kwe-esoteric.
I-Ontology
Lesi siyalo sifuna ukutadisha ukuthi izinhlangano zikhona noma cha. Igama "ontho" livela olimini lwesiGreki futhi lisho ukuba, ngakho-ke i-ontology, Kuyisifundo sokuba, sokuba. Kuhambisana ne-metaphysics, efuna ukutadisha izinto ezenzeka kumuntu ngesakhiwo sazo semvelo.
Izimilo
Lesi siyalo singesinye sezisekelo sefilosofi, yisayensi ehlala ifuna ukuqonda okuhle nokubi ngokususelwa kuyo izimiso zokuziphatha nokuzibophezela komuntu uqobo kanye nomphakathi.
Kukunika amandla okuthola izindlela zokuziphatha ezinhle kokubi ngokuya ngokuziphatha komuntu.
Amanani afana nobuhle, injabulo, ubuhle, umsebenzi kanye nokugcwaliseka yizinsika ezisekela ukutadisha amandla abantu kulokho okuyikho, sekukonke. Izimiso zokuziphatha ngokwengxenye yazo, zifuna indlela yokuthethelela isimilo ohlelweni okufanele lwahlulelwe ngakunye.
Ukubeka imingcele phakathi kokuhle nokubi, kwenza imibuzo emisha nemibono mayelana nalokho okubhekwa njengokuhle nokuthi yini okungasekho noma okungalungile okuqhubekayo njalo. Ngakho-ke izimiso zokuziphatha zimane nje ziyisinqumo sokuziphatha.
Ama-aesthetics
EGrisi lasendulo ikakhulukazi, i-aesthetics ibinokubaluleka okufanelekile njengoba bekufunwa isiphetho esihle kulokho obekungabhekwa njengokusebenza. A) Yebo, funda izimfanelo ezenza okuthile noma othile abe muhle, bese ibheka ubuciko bokuthi ubuhle bayo njengesisekelo sayo esiyinhloko ngaphezu kwezinye izinto okungenzeka ukuthi zibangele ukufezeka kwalowo msebenzi.
Kokubili izimiso zokuhle nobuhle bunomlingiswa ozithobayo ngoba kudingeka ukwahlulela okucacile lapho ukucwaninga ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezakha into okukhulunywa ngayo kudlangile.
Ngakho-ke, ukubheka "ubuhle" kumele kugcine izindlela eziningi ukuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni sefilosofi hhayi isinqumo esilula sobuhle. Njalo ubheka ukuthi umbono wobuhle lokho ngamunye anakho kwehlukile.
I-Epistemology
Lesi siyalo sifunda ulwazi, kungukuthi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqiniso omlando, ezenhlalo nezengqondo ikwazi ukucacisa impendulo okuqinile ngokuya ngokutholwa kolwazi lwesayensi.
I-Epistemology noma ifilosofi ecatshangelwe futhi yesayensi, ifunda amazinga ahlukene olwazi nokuthi isifundo sikwazi kanjani ukudala ubuhlobo nento eyaziwa.
I-Gnoseology
I-Epistemology ifuna ukuthola umsuka wolwazi, yaziwa nangokuthi yiTheory of knowledge. Funda futhi, izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokuqonda ezenziwa yingqondo thola umsuka ongaba khona wolwazi olutholiwe.
Njengeminye imikhakha, i-gnoseology inezakhiwo ezisemqoka zokuyisebenzisa ngokufanele ekuhlaziyweni kwesayensi: “ukwazi kanjani”, “ukwazi ini” nokuthi “ukwazi”.
I-Axiology
Funda izindinganiso, lesi siyalo sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuzazi zefilosofi ezingamaGrikhi "inani" yincazelo enikezwa konke konke. Ukuziphatha kuyingxenye yamanani ayisisekelo wefilosofi uqobo.
Kuhlose ukuthi, futhi, sikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokubaluleka nokuba yilokho, ukubhekelela izinto futhi kuyabandakanyeka kusukela ekwazini ukwahlulela lowo ofunda noma ohlola into, inokukhetha nezimo ezihlobene nombono wazo wenani.
Isilinganiso samanani singavumela ukwahlulelwa kwenani elilinganayo, noma kunjalo, i-axiology izohlala ixhumene nezahlulelo zokuziphatha nobuhle besazi sefilosofi.
I-Anthropology yefilosofi
Lesi siyalo sifuna ukutadisha umuntu njengento yakhe yokufunda futhi futhi njengesifundo esinolwazi lwefilosofi.
Ihlukile kwi-ontology ngoba ayifuni ukutadisha umuntu futhi ingqikithi emchaza ngaye, kunalokho, yilokho hlaziya isimo esinengqondo yomuntu owehlukanisa nomoya wezinto ezinikezwa ithuba.
Umbuzo wokuqala uvela njengensika eyisisekelo ye-anthropology Uyini umuntu? KuKant, lesi sisekelo sihlanganisa Yini engingayazi? Yini engingalindela Futhi yini okufanele ngiyenze? kubangelwa izimiso zokuhle, incwadi yezincwadi nenkolo; ngenxa yalokhu iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi ichaze kahle inhloso ye-anthropology yefilosofi.