Ubumpofu yinkinga ethinte isintu kuzo zonke izigaba zomlando, ezikhathini ezedlule, izimbangela ezinkulu zobumpofu kwakuwukungalingani kwezenhlalo nokungazi iminotho.
Njengamanje, kunezinto eziningi eziningi ezinomthelela ekwakhiweni kwale nkinga, efinyelela emazingeni aphezulu ngokwandayo nsuku zonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, saphoqeleka ukuthi senze i-athikili ekhethekile ngemiphumela yobumpofu nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuthi wazi izimbangela ezahlukahlukene.
Ziyini izimbangela zobumpofu?
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukugqamisa umehluko phakathi kwamagama "factor" kanye "nezimbangela", sazi ngesici lelo gama eliqondisa ngqo imbangela, esikhundleni salokho imbangela uqobo ibhekise kulokho okhiqize umphumela wesimo noma inkinga ethile.
Ngendlela efanayo, kufanele kucace bha ukuthi isifunda ngasinye sinezidingo ezihlukile, ngakho-ke, sinaso izimbangela ezihluke kakhulu zobumpofu emphakathini; Kodwa-ke, kunezizwe eziningana ezinezimbangela ezifana nezinye izizwe eziholela ebuphofini bezakhamizi zazo, ngakho-ke izimbangela ezilandelayo zivame kakhulu emhlabeni:
Imodeli yebhizinisi lamazwe amaningi
Ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo engenamsebenzi futhi engenamsebenzi evela kwezinye izizwe kwenza isabelomali sezwe esithenga kwamanye amazwe sibe sincane futhi sincane, ngaleyo ndlela sinikeze impilo esezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ezakhamuzini.
Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi abazalelwe esifundeni banqatshelwa ukuthi kungenzeka bandise ulwazi lwabo futhi banikeze okuhlangenwe nakho emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza.
Lokhu kungathonya isizwe ukuthi sinciphise isabelomali saso samazwe omhlaba futhi siqondise leyo mali ekutshaleni imali kuthalente lasekhaya.
Inkohlakalo
Isici esivame kakhulu kubantu baseLatino, inkohlakalo ayenzi nje ukuthi i- ububha bezizwe buyakhula, kodwa lezi zinto futhi ziba yinto ejwayelekile: ukutholakala kwezakhamizi, inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukusweleka kokudla, insizakalo yezempilo ehlanzekile kakhulu yizikhungo zomphakathi, izikhungo zemfundo ziya ngokuya zifuna okungaphansi kakhulu kwabafundi bazo, ubugebengu buyangena emigwaqweni, abantu bampofu; futhi ngaleyo ndlela inani elingenamkhawulo lezinkinga.
Ezingeni lezomnotho, izinsizakusebenza okumele zabelwe zizosetshenziswa ngokungemthetho noma ukusetshenziswa ngasese ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zababusi abakhona njengamanje.
Izinguquko zesimo sezulu
Emazweni ashisa kakhulu noma emazweni abandayo kakhulu, kunezinkinga ekukhiqizweni kokudla, ikakhulukazi emazweni ancike kulolu hlelo ukondla izakhamuzi zawo.
Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ngokwengxenye, kuyisizathu sezinguquko zezulu ezahlukahlukene isizwe esingazithola.
Izinguquko zesimo sezulu zingaphazamisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuphofu, hhayi kuphela indlala yokudla kepha futhi zidale nezimo zezempilo zabantu ukuthi zithinteke.
Izifo
Izifo eziwumshayabhuqe nokungakwazi kwamanye amazwe ukuziqeda kwenza izifo zibe yimbangela yobumpofu, ngokuvamile ngokweqile.
Umsebenzi wezempilo womphakathi wamazwe ampofu kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi awunakukwazi ukuthola inani elikhulu labantu futhi akuhlali kuqinisekile ukuthi izinto zokuhlinza noma imithi iyatholakala.
Izifo nazo ziwumphumela wezinga eliphansi lomnotho wemiphakathi, ngakho-ke ziba imbangela enkulu yokwandisa izinga lobuphofu emazweni.
Ukungalingani kwemithombo
Kunemiphakathi ethile esezingeni elincane engayisabalalisi imali etholwe ngaphansi kokuxhashazwa komkhakha othile wabantu ngokulingana. ELatin America, ungabona ikakhulukazi ukuthi kunomehluko omkhulu ekusatshalalisweni kwabantu nokuthi ukucwaswa komphakathi kuyisici esivamile.
IMexico, ngokwengxenye yayo, iyisibonelo salolu hlobo lokungalingani, lapho ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba kusetshenziswa ngisho nasemithethweni yezwe uqobo, okuholela ekutheni ukwanda kwezinga lobuphofu emikhakheni ethile nokunothisa umkhakha omncane wabantu; ngaleyo ndlela kudala ukungalingani ekusimameni komnotho wezwe.
Izingxabano ezihlomile
Amanye amazwe ezimweni zezimpi aphoqa izakhamizi zawo ukuthi zihambe zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, zivumelane nezindawo ezingahambelani nezidingo zazo nalapho ukusinda kuba khona ngokwengeziwe.
Abantu abaningi bacela isiphephelo sezepolitiki kwezinye izizwe lapho kufanele baqale khona ekuqaleni, beshiya emuva konke abakwakhile emazweni abo omdabu kanye nethuba lokuqashwa emisebenzini yabo, ngamafuphi, izwe elisempini lilahlekelwa yilowo ongase abe yisisebenzi.
Ukwanda kwabantu
Izifunda ezisezimeni zokungalingani yilezo ezithinteka kakhulu ngokwanda kwenani labantu.
Izici ezifana ukukhulelwa kwentsha kuthinta ngqo ukukhula kobuphofu futhi iphoqa amazwe ukuthi aphendule ngokukhiqizwa kokudla okwengeziwe.
Ngokunjalo, ukukhula kwenani labantu kwandisa amazinga okungalingani emphakathini phakathi kwezizwe, ngakho-ke, ithuba lokuqashwa, ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokutholakala kwempilo yomphakathi esezingeni eliphansi kuyancipha, le nto yenzeka kakhulu emazweni angathuthuki.
Imiphumela eyinhloko yobumpofu
Le nkinga iletha nemiphumela emibi kakhulu engabonakala esikhathini eside noma esifushane esizweni esithile.
Izimo zentuthuko yezwe ziya ngokuya zingafinyeleleki uma imiphumela yobumpofu ingalungiswa ngesikhathi nangekhono elidingekayo, izinkinga ezinjengalezi zingabonakala kulemiphumela elandelayo:
Ubuhlongandlebe
Ubugebengu bungavela ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobuphofu njengokudla, ingane, izindawo zasemakhaya, amadolobha, ezemizwa, ezengqondo nezokweqisa. Kuyinto embi emphakathini ethinta zonke izingxenye zezenhlalo zezwe.
Kwezinye izimo, ukusweleka kokudla kuphoqa isigaba esithile sabantu esingenayo isilinganiso esilinganisiwe samanani, ukuthi sibe izigebengu. Lolu hlobo lwesakhamuzi lukhetha ukufeza ngendlela elula yonke into ngezindlela ezitholakalayo zezwe elihluphekayo ezingakwazi. Lesi simo sihlanganisa ukuthengisa ngomzimba nokubulala phakathi kwabakhileyo esifundeni.
Ukushoda kokudla
Noma ngabe kungenxa yomnotho ophansi kakhulu, uhlelo olukhohlakele nolungasizi ngalutho, noma ukushoda komhlaba ovundile ezweni, ukusweleka kokudla kungumphumela wobumpofu.
Imindeni ethinteke kakhulu kule nkinga yilezo ezingenakho ukufinyelela kuzidingo eziyisisekelo zokudla, njengoba kunjalo ngemikhiqizo yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu.
Ubumpofu bezingane futhi buwumphumela wobumpofu, lokhu kusho ukuthi kweminye imindeni abantu abadala badela ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke okukodwa noma ku-zero ukuze babunikeze abancane, kepha nokho ukungondleki kusekhona kweminye imikhakha yezingane yabantu.
Izimo zezempilo ezidabukisayo
Ukuphila ngobumpofu kuthinta izimo zezempilo zabantu, kungaba ngokomzwelo noma ngokwengqondo.
Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kubangela ukuthi abantu behle emazingeni abo ezempilo, futhi, ukungabi bikho kwemithi kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezempilo ezizimele ukuthola ukunakekelwa okunganikezwa yinsizakalo yomphakathi izinga lobuphofu labantu liphakeme kakhulu, okwenza izimo zezempilo zabahlali abacwile kule nkinga zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi zibulale.
Ukukhula kwamanani amabi
Ukungafinyeleli emfundweni esezingeni eliphakeme, ukungaphili endaweni enobunye, ehlanzekile nenempilo futhi ongenayo imigomo efanelekile yokuchuma komphakathi, yizinto ezenza ubuphofu obugxile kulowo nalowo kubo kukhulise izindinganiso ezingezinhle.
Ukuntuleka kokuzethemba, umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezindinganiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha kwenza umuntu uqobo angakwazi ukufaka isicelo sesimo sakhe futhi akanawo amathuluzi anele okuphuma kuso.
Ngokulandelayo, ngeke abe namandla okufuna ukuthi amalungelo akhe ahlonishwe njengoba engenawo nomqondo wokuthi yini emfanele njengesakhamuzi.
Ukungalingani emphakathini
Amanye amazwe angathuthuki kahle anezinkinga ezinkulu zentukuthelo kanye nentukuthelo engxenyeni yemikhakha yabantu abahlubuke kakhulu kubantu abanesimo somnotho esithe xaxa.
Konke kuhlobene nezindinganiso uqobo lapho umuntu ekhula khona kanye ne- izimiso umphakathi Kubeka kuye ukuthi azithuthukise.
Emazweni ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba aqoka umkhakha wabantu ongahambelani noma ofanele ukuhlinzekwa ngosizo oluhle nguhulumeni ngakubo, maningi amathuba okuthi ubumpofu bukhule.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zobumpofu?
Ubumpofu buthinta zonke izinhlobo zezimo zabantu, ngakho-ke hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi leli thuba lingahlanganiswa nomnotho, kukhona nemikhakha eyahlukahlukene empofu emphakathini:
Ukudla
Indlala amazwe adlula kuyo ayibangelwa njalo ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu okukhona esifundeni ngasinye, kepha futhi nokutholakala kwesabelomali sikahulumeni sokunikeza amashalofu okudla.
Kukhona okunye okuhlukile njengoba kunjalo amazwe anenani eliphezulu lenkohlakalo, abakwaziyo ukukhiqiza ukudla kodwa bakusebenzisele ukucebisa abaswele kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezizwe ezithile ezingenawo umhlaba ovundile womsebenzi wezolimo noma zimane nje azikwazi ukuthola imfuyo kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudoba.
Ukungasho ukudla okudingeka ukuthi kungeniswe kwamanye amazwe njengezithasiselo zokudla okunempilo ezidinga umkhakha onesimo esikhethekile sezempilo sabantu.
Okobuntwana
Lolu hlobo lobumpofu luthonywa ukungabi nokudla, ukungakhuli kahle kwengane kunemiphumela emibi futhi ebulalayo.
Abanye abazali abanazo izinsiza ezanele zokukhokhela izindleko zezingane zabo, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ingane ejwayelekile idinga ukuthola amaprotheni, amavithamini kanye namaminerali aphindwe kabili kunomuntu omdala.
Ngakho-ke, ubumpofu kuthinta inani lezingane kakhulu kunabantu abadala; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu omdala, uma engenakho ukukhubazeka, angakwazi ukuzinakekela ukuxazulula izidingo zokudla okunempilo ezibangelwa imvelo, kodwa-ke, ingane incike kubazali bayo noma kulabo abayigadayo ukuze ikwazi ukuzondla.
Imfundo, ezempilo kanye nezindlu kuhlobene kakhulu nobuphofu bezingane, hhayi kuphela umbandela wokudla okunomsoco kodwa futhi naphakathi kwamalungelo ezakhamizi: sithola ukuthi sonke kumele sikhule esimeni esihle sezempilo, semfundo, sokudla nezokungcebeleka futhi uma kungahlangatshezwana naso kwephula inkululeko yethu. Lokhu kungenye yemiphumela yobumpofu futhi ingenye yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu emphakathini.
Amaphandleni
Sithola imikhakha eyehlukene yabantu abahlala endaweni yasemakhaya, ngoba inezinga eliphakeme lokungathuthuki kunezindawo zasemadolobheni, ngakho-ke, amanani abantu abangasebenzi aphezulu kunakwamanye amazwe.
I-Urbana
Kubandakanya amazwe ahlukahlukene anesibalo esiphakeme sabantu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kepha awekho esimweni sokunikela ngempilo engcono kubahlali bawo.
Futhi, abantu abasuka emaphandleni baye emadolobheni amakhulu abangenakho ukuxhaswa kwezemfundo noma ukufaneleka kwesikhundla somsebenzi, bayathinteka lapho behlala edolobheni; Lokhu kwenza lo mkhakha wabantu udale isimo sokuncika kwezinye izingxenye ezifanayo futhi usungulwe endaweni eyodwa yasedolobheni.
Owesifazane
Lo mqondo udala izimpikiswano eziningi nokuhilizisana emhlabeni jikelele, amazwe amaningi akhethe ukuthatha impikiswano ngokubambisana ngamakhono abesifazane ukukhokhela izindleko ezifanayo zabesilisa.
Kukhona amaqiniso amabili abeka ubuphofu besifazaneOwokuqala uveza ukuthi abantu besifazane banekhono njengamadoda okuphatha izikhundla ezisindayo noma zehhovisi futhi bajabulela amalungelo afanayo, njengomuntu, konke lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kokubona kwamehlo kwesinye isikhathi okwenziwa ngamanye amazwe.
Iqiniso lesibili yilona elingahluziwe nelivame kakhulu, abesifazane emphakathini wanamuhla abatholi ukwelashwa okufanayo ezingeni lomsebenzi njengabesilisa, noma ngabe abaningi baneminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho futhi bengongoti abagcwele izimiso zokuhle, basenezinkinga ezithile phambi kwamadoda .
Ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane banqatshelwe amathuba afanayo nawabesilisa, futhi imisebenzi yasekhaya iwela emahlombe amadoda. Lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu emasikweni aseLatin nasemazweni aseMpumalanga lapho intuthuko edingekayo yobuntu ingakatholakali.
Yize amanye amazwe esekuzuzile lokho ukulingana ngokobulili, futhi kungamazwe athuthukile kakhulu emhlabeni, asembalwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nawo wonke umhlaba.
Ngakho-ke kungokoqobo okufanele kuhlolwe ngaphansi kwesahlulelo esingacabangi noma esibucayi kepha ngokuya ngezidingo zabantu kanye nezinkinga ezithinta impilo yokusebenza yabesifazane ebavimbela ekutholeni ukufaneleka okufanayo njengabesilisa.
Uma amazwe afana ne-Australia, i-Iceland, iCanada, iNorway, iSweden, iFinland, iNew Zealand noma iNetherlands kuthathwa njengesethenjwa sokuqeda ubuphofu besifazane obuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zobuphofu, kusuka kwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwale nkinga kuthinta ngqo izindinganiso ezakhiwe ngayo imindeni, inhlonipho ngobulili besifazane kanye namandla ayo emphakathini kufanele kube yinani elibaluleke kakhulu elisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemfundo, ekhaya nasezinhlobonhlobo amasiko amasiko.
Extreme
Abantu bomdabu kanye nemikhakha ebandlululwa kakhulu yabantu yilabo abathinteka kakhulu ubuphofu obedlulele. Lolu hlobo lobuphofu luqukethe i-11% yabantu bomhlaba futhi luhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zobumpofu ezingaba khona emphakathini.
Ingqondo
Kuyingozi enkulu ngempela enobuthi futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuyabulala, ubumpofu bengqondo. Leli gama lidala izimpikiswano eziningi emhlabeni nasemasikweni alo, ikakhulukazi kulokhu kukhula kwengqondo kanye nokukhula komuntu siqu kanye nokomoya, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ekulinganisweni okuhlukahlukene okusenza singakwazi ukunqoba noma ukufeza izinto ezithile empilweni yethu, kepha, akunakwenzeka ukufinyelela esiphethweni ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ngoba kunezici eziningana ezingenakuhlaziywa ngaphansi kwezimo zobumpofu bengqondo.
Kuthatha umbono wokubambisana nobulungiswa ukukala inani lobuphofu bengqondo umuntu analo, futhi ingabe lolu hlobo lobumpofu lungalinganiswa? Ngeshwa, ayinazo izimfanelo ezibonakalayo nezikhombisayo njengokuhlupheka okwedlulele noma kwengane.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uma kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezingokwengqondo ezibonisa lapho umuntu enobumpofu obujulile ngaphakathi kuye.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, umqondo wobuphofu bengqondo uthathwa njengegama elibeka ezinye izinhlobo zobumpofu, ngakho-ke, kungumkhawulo owakha izimpilo zabantu ngokwezidingo zabo zokomoya nezengqondo.
Ukucacisa ngokuthe xaxa, singathola izimpikiswano ezisekela isizathu sobumpofu bengqondo, isibonelo esisobala sazo iqiniso lokuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi sifuna ukuvunyelwa abantu besithathu ngaphandle kwenzuzo efanayo.
Emotional
Ngokomqondo, ubumpofu obungokomzwelo busikhombisa ukuthi iziphi izilinganiso zenani elihlukile abantu abathile abanalesi simo abanakho, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zabo zokuziphatha maqondana nabantu besithathu.
Ama-anti-values cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ahlonishwa yizidalwa ezibizwa ngokuthi zimpofu ngokomzwelo, labo abangazizwa bezwelana nomunye, labo abangakwazi ukuxhumana ngendlela enempilo nabanye noma ekuhlanganisweni, labo abanamandla amabi kakhulu .
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu okhubazekile ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo angathathwa njengompofu ngokomoya, ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ose-coma, onobungozi obukhulu ebuchosheni obungabavumeli ukuba bahlukanise phakathi kwezimfanelo zomphakathi nezingokomzwelo ngisho nabantu izici zengqondo nokusebenza kwabantu.
Ibhekisa, ngokwengxenye yayo, ekwehlulekeni kokuba kuveze izidingo zayo nemizwa yayo kwabanye ebekela ubudlelwano bayo nabantu besithathu; kwezinye izimo ezehlukile lokhu kuyenzeka, akwenziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezimo zengqondo nezinhloso ezingezinhle
Ngisithande kakhulu lesi sihloko
Ohulumeni ababi, inkohlakalo nokuzithanda, ngiyaphila futhi angizibeki esikhundleni sabanye