Yini indlela efanelekile? Imvelaphi, Izici Nezindlela Zokusebenza

Ukuze anelise isidingo sakhe sokuchaza imvelo emzungezile, umuntu usungule amacebo okuveza ngokugcwele izinto azibonayo, esebenzisa ubuhle kakhulu ekumeleni ngokusebenzisa amafomula nezinombolo, kepha, akuzona zonke izehlakalo ezingachazwa ngale ndlela, futhi akubona bonke abacwaningi abazizwa bekhululekile lapho behlanganisa futhi beziveza ngokwamanani, ngenxa yalesi sizathu indlela esezingeni elifanele yasungulwa, ukuze kufinyelelwe lezo zindawo ezabalekela indlela yezibalo, lokhu kungumbono wobuntu, ngoba ubheka into evame ukunganakwa ngendlela yezibalo, eyi- umbono wesibalo sabantu, esinikeza umbono ohlukile, obalulekile esifundweni esiphelele, ohlanganisa wonke ama-engeli angaba khona.

Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi kungokwenhlalo, ngoba indlela yayo yokukala eyinhloko ukubona kwabantu abathile kubantu abangaphansi kokucwaninga, noma abake babona into ezohlolwa.

Umsuka wezindlela zokufaneleka

Indlela esezingeni elifanele, njengoba leli gama lisho, ifuna ukuchaza izimfanelo zesimo esithile sentshisekelo, kepha, Uqale kanjani ukusebenzisa le ndlela? Imvelaphi yocwaningo lwekhwalithi inezichasiselo ezikude kakhulu emasikweni amaGrikhi namaRoma kanye nezici ezahlukahlukene zale ndlela ziyaziwa emisebenzini kaHerodotus no-Aristotle.

Emzameni wokusondeza isayensi yezenhlalo eduze nomkhakha wesayensi, kwenziwa imizamo ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulungisa lezi zindawo zibe amathuluzi nezindlela ezilinganisekayo; Ngalesi sizathu, phakathi nalesi sigaba, kuvela izingxabano nezingxoxo mayelana nobumbili besayensi yezenhlalo, inhlanganisela yolwazi nokwenza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela indlela entsha yocwaningo, enethonya le-anthropological, lokhu kudala ukuzwela okusha nokwamukelwa kwezindlela ezintsha.

Kodwa-ke, kwakuphakathi kweminyaka yama-1960 kanye neye-1970, ngokwanda kwesayensi yezenhlalo, lapho ukwakheka kocwaningo, kwalolu hlobo, kungazange kuholele encazelweni yezibalo, lapho izindlela zekhwalithi zaqala ukusetshenziswa. Isayensi eyinhloko eyatholwa ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela zalolu hlobo kwakuyi-psychology kanye nezenhlalo, futhi ngale ndlela, kancane kancane, indlela yekhwalithi iqala ukuthuthuka.

Izici

• Iqoqa idatha engajwayelekile engakwazi ukubhekelwa ekuhlaziyweni kwamanani kanye / noma kwezibalo.
• Kususelwa ekwaziseni kwabantu.
• Ngokubuka okuqondile nokuhlaziywa kolwazi olunikeziwe, umhlaba wangempela uyafundwa ukusungula umbono.
• Azisebenzi ngokuhlola i-hypothesis.
• Inqubo yocwaningo ayichazwa kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi ngemuva kokuphakanyiswa kwenkinga, ngoba izindlela zayo azicaciswanga ngendlela yokulinganisa futhi imibuzo yocwaningo ayichazwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
• Kuphenywa ngokwengeziwe okuguquguqukayo.
• Umcwaningi ungena kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli futhi akhe ulwazi, azi njalo ukuthi kuyingxenye yesenzeko esifundwe.
• Abafuni ukukhetha imiphumela ejwayelekile ngendlela engenzeka, lolu hlobo locwaningo luvame ukudala imiphumela evulekile.
• Akukho ukukhohlisa noma ukugqugquzela iqiniso, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlolwe ukukhula kwemvelo kwemicimbi.

Amasu wokuhlaziya

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, yize ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziywa kuvame ukuphathwa ngezigaba ezihlukene, empeleni, ngaleyo ndlela, le misebenzi emibili ihlobene kakhulu. Ocwaningweni lwesimo sezibalo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola idatha kwandulela ukuhlaziywa kwabo, futhi kungaba nzima ukwenza zombili izinqubo ngasikhathi sinye; Kodwa-ke, ocwaningweni lwekhwalithi kuthathwa ukuthi lezi zinqubo ezimbili zihlala zithambekela, noma zithathwa njengengxenye yomsebenzi ofanayo, ngoba umcwaningi kumele ahlole futhi ahlaziye njengoba axhumana nomthombo obanikezayo, ethatha lokhu , amanothi wenkambu mayelana nokuhumusha okwenziwayo, okungavula ngisho nezici ezintsha zokutadisha noma ukuhlola. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqoqa idatha kuvula amathuba amasha, imiphumela engalindelekile, noma izingqinamba ezivelayo.

Phakathi kwezinsimbi ezikhona ezitholwa ngumcwaningi owenza ucwaningo olusezingeni, kukhona:

Izingxoxo 

Ziqukethe inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu, lapho ababambiqhaza bathatha izindima ezimbili ezichazwe kahle, omunye wabo ufuna ukuthola imininingwane kumxhumanisi wakhe, ngakho-ke ubuza imibuzo eminingana bese eqala inkhulumomphendvulwano.

Inhlolokhono ayithathwa njengengxoxo ejwayelekile, kepha kuthiwa yenziwe njengomlingiswa osemthethweni, ngenhloso, ephethe izinhloso ezifakiwe kuphenyo. Uma sibheka ukwakheka nokwakheka kwabo, singasho ukuthi bahlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Kuhleliwe: Kudinga ukuhlela indlela izingxoxo ezizothuthukiswa ngayo, imibuzo ezobuzwa ihlelwe, futhi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwayo umuntu obuzayo usebenza njengomengameli, evimbela intuthuko yabo ekuphambukeni kulokho okushiwo ekuhlelweni. Kubonakala ngokuphathwa kwemibuzo evaliwe (yebo, cha noma impendulo enqunywe kusengaphambili).  
• Kwakheke kancane: Kunqunywa kusengaphambili ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olufanele ofuna ukuluthola. Imibuzo evulekile ibuzwa ukuthi kuvulwa umuntu okwaxoxwa naye ukuze angene ngempendulo, ivumela ukuhlanganisa izingqikithi, kepha kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngocwaningo ukuze akwazi ukudlulisa izihloko ezithakazelisa.
• Akuhlelekile: Ngaphandle kwesikripthi esedlule, futhi ngaphandle kokuba nemininingwane yangaphambilini ngale ndaba, inhloso yale ngxoxo ukuthola imininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka. Inhlolokhono yakha njengoba iqhubeka, futhi izimpendulo nesimo sengqondo salowo obexoxwa kudlala indima ebalulekile enqubeni leyo. Kudinga ukuzilungiselela okuhle ngasohlangothini lomcwaningi, ngaphambilini ukubhala konke okuthinta izihloko okuxoxwa ngazo.

Ilungiselela ingxoxo

Impumelelo yokwenziwa kwaleli thuluzi lendlela esezingeni elifanelekile isuselwa ekuhleleni, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kucace ngenhloso yalo, futhi kuchazwe lokho esifuna ukukuthola ngalo. Izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ukulungiselela ingxoxo zichazwe ngezansi:

1. Chaza izinhloso: Yini okudingeka siyazi? Ukuchaza lesi sici, imibhalo esezintweni okufanele ziphathwe ibalulekile.
2. Khomba ababuzwe imibuzo: chaza izici zesibalo sabantu esizidingayo ukwenza ucwaningo, bese ukhetha leyo iphrofayili yakhe ihambelana nomongo wocwaningo.
3. Buza imibuzo: kusetjentiswa kwelulwimi loluphetfwe ngulomkhulumeli, kucinisa imibuto kute kugwenywe kucondza. Indlela imibuzo eyakhiwe ngayo iyanquma ekuphumeleleni kokusetshenziswa kwensimbi.
4. Beka lapho kuxoxelwa khona: Cabanga ngezimpawu ezifanele ukuxhasa ukuthuthukiswa kwengxoxo. Gwema izinto eziphazamisayo ezivimbela ukukhula kwazo.
5. Uhlobo lwemibuzo: Yimiphi efanelekela kahle inhloso ehlongozwayo? Ngabe uzobuza imibuzo evulekile, imibuzo evaliwe, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili?

Ukuqashelwa

Ukubheka ngqo lo mkhuba ocwaningwayo kuyithuluzi elibalulekile kulo mkhakha, ngoba usinikeza imininingwane ngezici zawo nezinto eziwuthintayo. Unamandla okuchaza nokuchaza indlela yokuziphatha, esethole idatha eyanele nethembekile ehambelana nokuziphatha, imicimbi kanye / noma izimo ezikhonjwe ngokuphelele zafakwa kumongo wethiyori.

Izici

• Kuyinqubo yobuciko ngokwenza okuhle, kwendabuko futhi ngasikhathi sinye okusetshenziswa kakhulu.
• Ubudlelwano obuphathekayo nobunamandla buyasungulwa phakathi komcwaningi neqiniso lomphakathi noma abalingisi bezenhlalo, lapho kutholakala khona idatha ebese ihlanganiswa ukwenza ucwaningo.
• Kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni komuzwa wokubona, futhi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono enembile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuzo okufanele ubuzwe

Imibuzo nayo ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwayo, igqamisa:

• Imibuzo yokukhomba: Yilabo abafisa ukubuza ngezimpawu zomuntu okhulunywa naye. Isibonelo: ubudala, ubulili, ubuchwepheshe, ubuzwe, njll.
• Imibuzo ethile: Kubhekiswa emicimbini ethile, luhlobo lwemibuzo evaliwe.
• Imibuzo yesenzo: Kubhekiswa emisebenzini yabaphenduli.
• Imibuzo yolwazi: Bakha ucwaningo olwazini lwabaphenduli.
• Imibuzo yenhloso: Ukwazi inhloso yabaphenduli maqondana nendaba okukhulunywa ngayo.
• Imibuzo yombono: Ivumela ophendulayo ukuthi aveze abakucabangayo ngesihloko.
• Ukuqoqwa kwemibhalo: Imininingwane iqoqwa emithonjeni yesibili, echazwa njengezincwadi, izincwadi zezindaba, omagazini, izincwajana namaphephandaba, ezithathwa njengemithombo yokuqoqa idatha ngokuhlukahluka kwentshisekelo.

Izinga lokuqonda

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kocwaningo, kule ndlela yokwenza kusingathwa amazinga amathathu okutadisha, lapho kuhlaziywa khona izakhi, izinto kanye nezihloko ezakha umthombo wolwazi kwenziwa kulandela izindlela ezintathu, ukuze thola ukubuka kwawo okuphelele:

• Ukuqonda okuyisisekelo: Izincazelo zansuku zonke zabalingisi bezenhlalo noma ababambiqhaza bocwaningo. Kususelwa kuzici zomuntu ngamunye zebhizinisi ngalinye elibambe iqhaza, ngoba ukuqonda nokubona komuntu ngamunye kususelwa esimweni esisetshenziswa ubudlelwano babo nemvelo, iziphikisi nezinye izinto zokulungisa.
• Ukuqonda okuhunyushiwe: Okusho ukuthi umcwaningi unikeza ukuqonda okuzithobayo kwabahlanganyeli, ngocwaningo olunzulu, lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlaziywa komhlaba jikelele ngemiphumela etholakele, yezici ezinqume ukutholakala kolwazi, nokuziphatha kwezihloko lapho unikeza okufanayo, njll.
• Ukuqonda okuhle: Okusho ukuthi umcwaningi unikeza amaqiniso enhloso yesimo. Kususelwa ekuchazeni iziphetho zangaphambilini, ezakhiwe ekuqondeni okuchazayo.