Uma sikhuluma ngememori ye-episodic, sibhekisa esigabeni sememori yesikhathi eside ebandakanya ukukhumbula izehlakalo ezithile, izimo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Kungaba izinkumbulo zosuku lwakho lokuqala esikoleni, ukuqabula kwakho okokuqala, ukuya ephathini lokuzalwa lomngane kanye nokuthweswa iziqu komfowenu ... zonke ziyizibonelo zezinkumbulo ze-episodic. Ngaphezu kokubuyiswa okujwayelekile komcimbi uqobo, kubuye kufake nenkumbulo yendawo nesikhathi umcimbi owenzeke ngaso.
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi imemori yokuphila komuntu noma izinkumbulo zendaba yakho siqu yokuphila. Njengoba ungacabanga, izinkumbulo ze-episodic kanye ne-autobiographical badlala indima ebalulekile ebuntwini bakho.
Inkumbulo ye-Episodic
Cabanga ukuthi uthola ucingo luvela kumngane wakho wakudala ongakaze uzwe ngalo iminyaka eminingi. Nihlangana ngolunye usuku bese niyabloma nikhumbula izikhathi zakudala nezikhathi enihlala ngazo ndawonye. Lezi zinkumbulo ezithile kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kuyizibonelo zememori ye-episodic.
Izinkumbulo ze-episodic zibalulekile ngoba zikuvumela ukuthi ukhumbule okwenzeka kuwe okuyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yakho. Lezi zinkumbulo zinikeza incazelo endabeni yakho yomuntu siqu, kanye nendaba eyabiwe nabanye abantu empilweni yakho. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kudala futhi kuchaze umuntu onguye namuhla.
Imemori ye-Episodic kanye nenkumbulo ye-semantic iyingxenye yokwehlukaniswa kwememori eyaziwa njengememori ecacile noma eyehlayo. Inkumbulo ye-Semantic igxila olwazini jikelele lomhlaba futhi ifaka amaqiniso, imiqondo nemibono. Inkumbulo ye-episodic, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifaka ukukhumbula okwenzeka empilweni ethile.
Igama elithi memory episodic laqala ukwethulwa ngu-Endel Tulving ngo-1972 ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokwazi imininingwane yenhloso (inkumbulo ye-semantic) nokukhumbula imicimbi edlule (i-episodic memory).
Izinhlobo zezinkumbulo ze-episodic
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkumbulo ze-episodic abantu abangaba nazo. Ukuze uyiqonde kangcono kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ukwehlukanisa omunye komunye.
- Izinkumbulo ze-episodic zemicimbi ethile. Lokhu kufaka izinkumbulo zezikhathi ezithile emlandweni womuntu. Ukukhumbula ukuqabula kwakho kokuqala kuyisibonelo sememori ethile ye-episodic.
- Izinkumbulo ze-episodic zemicimbi yomuntu siqu. Ukwazi ukuthi ngubani umongameli ngonyaka owashada ngawo, ukwakheka nemodeli yemoto yakho yokuqala, negama lomphathi wakho wokuqala konke kuyizibonelo zezinkumbulo zezehlakalo zomcimbi wakho.
- Izinkumbulo ze-Episodic zemicimbi ejwayelekile. Ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuqabulana kuzizwa kanjani kuyisibonelo salolu hlobo olujwayelekile lwememori. Awukhumbuli ukwanga ngakunye owabelane ngakho, kepha ungakhumbula ukuthi kuzizwa kanjani ngokususelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho.
- Okokugcina, izinkumbulo ze-flash zicacile futhi zinemininingwane "ngezifinyezo" okuhlobene nokutholakala kwezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zikhathi zingaba ngezomuntu uqobo, njengesikhathi owathola ngaso ukuthi ugogo wakho ushonile. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zinkumbulo zingabiwa ngabantu abaningi eqenjini lezenhlalo. Izikhathi azithola ngokuhlaselwa kuka-11/XNUMX noma ukuhlaselwa enkundleni yemidlalo yekhonsathi yaseParis ziyizibonelo zezinkumbulo ezabiwe.
Imemori ye-episodic nenkumbulo ye-semantic isebenza kanjani ndawonye
Imemori ye-Episodic nayo ingaxhomeke kwimemori ye-semantic. Emisebenzini yokufunda, kutholwa imiphumela engcono lapho imininingwane etholakele ifana nolwazi lwangaphambili, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ulwazi lwe-semantic lomsebenzi lunikeza uhlobo lohlaka lokufunda okusha kwe-episodic.
Isibonelo, uma kufanele ukhumbule amanani okudla esitolo, uzokhumbula amanani kangcono uma ulwazi luhambisana nezinkumbulo zakho ze-episodic ezikhona kanye namanani ezitolo ezinkulu. Esikhundleni salokho, Ukube ubune-amnesia futhi ungalukhumbuli lolo lwazi lwe-episodic kusuka esikhathini esedlule, ubungeke wazi ukuthi ukudla okuthile kunamanani mani.
Izinkumbulo ze-episodic nazo zidlala indima ekubuyiseni izinkumbulo ze-semantic. Ekuvivinyweni lapho ababambiqhaza babuzwa khona ukuthi bakhiqize uhlu lwezinto ezigabeni ezithile, labo ababekwazi ukuncika ezinkumbulweni ze-episodic basebenza kangcono kunababambiqhaza be-amnesic ababengenakho ukufinyelela ezinkumbulweni ze-episodic.
Akuyona imemori engokomzwelo
Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa inkumbulo ye-episodic kwimemori engokomzwelo ngoba ayifani ngoba isebenza ngokuhlukile. Inkumbulo engokomzwelo inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngemizwa ehlobene nokuhlangenwe nakho okukhona, Isibonelo, lapho kwenzeka okuthile kuwe ukuthi umuzwa omkhulu owukhiqizayo awukwazi ukuwubeka ngamagama.
Isibonelo kungaba yiphunga lama-muffin asanda kubhakwa elikukhumbuza indlu kagogo nomkhulu wakho, iphunga lamakha athile akwenza uzizwe kahle futhi usekhaya ngoba yiphunga ebelilokhu lisetshenziswa ngubaba wakho, iphunga le-jasmine. lokho kukukhumbuza ngobusha bakho edolobhaneni elincane, njll. Lolu lwazi kunzima ukululandisa ngamagama ngoba lwenziwe ngemizwa yokuzithoba. Ungachaza okuningi ngalezi zinkumbulo kepha awukwazi ukuthelela imizwa ezwayo, kuphela ngendlela ecishe ifane ... ngoba nguwe ozizwa ngempela ngokuxhumeka okuqondile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okuphilayo.
Inkumbulo engokomzwelo iyingxenye yememori yokuqamba eyakhiwe ngama-semantics kanye ne-episodic kepha engakhiwa imiqondo uqobo.
Zakhiwa kanjani izinkumbulo ezi-jerky
Ukwakheka kwememori ye-episodic kwenziwa ngokuya ngokuthi impilo yakho iqhubeka kanjani, okungukuthi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho okuphilayo. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zibandakanya izinhlelo ezihlukile ebuchosheni bakho. Izinyathelo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukubhala ngekhodi. Ubuchopho bakho bufaka isinyathelo sokufaka ikhodi isikhathi ngasinye lapho yakhe inkumbulo entsha episodic.
- Ukuhlanganiswa. Kuqukethe ukufaka okwenzeke kuwe kwimemori yakho yesikhathi eside.
- Ukuvuna. Le nqubo idala ukutholakala kolwazi lomqondo oluhlobene nesipiliyoni esithile. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinkumbulo ziyatholwa ngaphandle komzamo kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungadingeka okuthile ukwenza imemori isebenze, njengegama, isithombe, umsindo, iphunga ...
Yini engathinta inkumbulo ye-episodic
Kunezinto ezithile ezingathinta inkumbulo ye-episodic njengoba izinkumbulo zisakazeka ebuchosheni obuningi. Kukhona izifo nezifo zezingozi ezingalimaza konke lokhu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi into ejwayelekile ukulimaza inkumbulo ye-episodic yile:
- Ukuwohloka komqondo njengesifo i-Alzheimer's
- Izinsimbi zobuchopho
- Ischemia ebuchosheni
- I-Encephalitis
- Izinkinga ze-Neurological (njengeKorsakoff syndrome noma i-spongiform encephalopathies)
- IHydrocephalus
- Izimo ze-Metabolic (njengokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B1)
- Izifo ze-Neurological