IBiology yisayensi ebanzi kakhulu, ebandakanya ukutadisha izinto eziphilayo zomhlaba, kungaba yizilwane, izinambuzane, izitshalo kanye nemvelo uqobo, icacisa indlela eziziphatha ngayo kuzo zonke izici, yingakho idinga ukwesekwa cishe yizo zonke ezinye izayensi.
Phakathi kwesayensi enkulu esebenza ngokubambisana ne-biology kungashiwo, i-chemistry, i-physics, i-geography, i-ultrasound, i-anatomy, i-zoology, i-botany, nokunye okuningi, okunikezela ngemininingwane edingekayo yokuthola iziphetho kulokho okungaba umkhakha webhayoloji.
Yize isayensi ngayinye esizayo ye-biology inenhloso yayo, isebenza njengokusekelwa okukhulu kwesayensi kuyo, ngoba le sayensi ifaka umkhakha omkhulu wokutadisha, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala ukuchaza isayensi eshiwo ngenhla, kuyadingeka ukuqonda i-biology, futhi konke okufundayo.
Yini i-biology?
Lokhu kufaka ukutadisha kwakho konke okuphathelene nezidalwa eziphilayo, indlela abaziphatha ngayo nsuku zonke, kanye nokuziphatha kwabo ngokocansi, indawo yokuhlala ebazungezile nokuthi ibathinta kanjani, inqubo yokuzala kabusha, kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabo.
I-Biology izama ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zihlobene kanjani ngazinye futhi zizonke, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekiswe, kunqunywe futhi kulawulwe imithetho yokuphila kwempilo.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo enkulu maqondana nalokho ekufundayo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu isebenza ngokubambisana nesayensi eminingi eyisizayo noma eyisekelayo, ngoba lolu cwaningo lubandakanya zonke izingxenye ezithinta izidalwa eziphilayo nemvelo ngokujwayelekile.
Kunamagatsha amaningana ale sayensi, okuyizinto ezikhethekile ngaphakathi kwawo, njengebhayoloji yasolwandle ebhekele ukutadisha izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kanye nayo yonke imvelo yazo.
Isayensi Esizayo ye-Biology
Ngamunye wabo ubhekele isifundo sakhe, esizimele kanye nesomdabu, kepha okunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokuthi izifundo ezishiwo zibaluleke kakhulu maqondana nokuziphatha nentuthuko. izinhlobo ezifundwa yi-biology.
Yize ezinye zalezi zithathwa njengamagatsha e-biology, kuphinde kwanqunywa ukuthi zizimele, ngenxa yalesi sizathu zithathwa njengezesayensi ezisizayo ze-biology, lapho kungashiwo okulandelayo.
Ezemvelo
Lokhu kubhekele ukutadisha izindawo nezindawo lapho zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zingaphila noma zingaphili, zithuthuke futhi ziguquke, futhi kuphakamisa izinto ezingathinta abantu, ukufeza ukuzwana phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi ucwaningo lwesayensi yezemvelo luqale kungenxa yamazinga wokungcola ukuthi i-biosphere ihlupheka futhi ngalokho-ke ingathinta ukukhula kwayo, nenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi ebalulekile yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Kubonakala ngokusebenza ngokubambisana namanye amasayensi asizayo we-biology njenge-zoology ne-botany.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Kusetshenziswa ekutadisheni imvelaphi, ukukhula nokuvela kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunqunywa lapho ziqala khona, nokuthi zaqhubeka kanjani eminyakeni edlule, zivumelane nezigaba ezahlukahlukene umhlaba osedlule kuzo, nokuthi uzithinte kanjani.
UCharles Darwin wayengumanduleli waleli gatsha le-biology, ngoba waphakamisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, eguqula ngokuphelele indlela yokucabanga yomphakathi maqondana nokuthi wayevelaphi umsuka wesintu.
Lokhu kukhuthaza izisekelo zayo ngaphezu kwanoma yini ekutadisheni izinsalela, ezinquma ukuthi izinhlobo zazinjani phambilini, nokuthi ezinye zaziguqukela kanjani.
Isakhiwo
Kuyisayensi ezinikele futhi yasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwama-molecule kanye nokukhula kwawo, okuhambisana kakhulu nezifundo zobudokotela zabantu, ngokwesibonelo ngayo kunqunywe ukuthi iDNA yakhiwa kanjani, amaprotheni, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali athile .
Le sayensi ibaluleke kakhulu maqondana nempilo yabantu, ngoba ngayo yelapha izifo ezinjengomdlavuza ingathuthukiswa, kuncike kuphela ekwakhekeni kwamangqamuzana ayo, bese kuthi nawo ibenzele amakhambi.
Ukuthuthukiswa
Ifunda konke okuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwezidalwa eziphilayo njengoba igama lalo lisho, kugxila ekutheni izicubu nezitho zenziwa kanjani enqubeni yokukhulelwa kanye nokwakheka komzimba, futhi bayaqhubeka nokubheka inqubo yokukhula nokuguga.
Uhlelo
Kubonakala ngokutadisha imvelo, ukuvela kwayo kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo, kusetshenziswa ukwakheka kwezibalo njengokusekelwa okuyinhloko, kuyaziwa nangokuba imikhakha eyahlukene, okubandakanya izayensi zesayensi eziningana ezisizayo zebhayoloji.
Humana
Ifunda ngazo zonke izindlela zokuziphatha komuntu, izindawo abangaphila noma abangakwazi ukuhlala kuzo, indlela yabo yokuphila nezingozi ezingathinta impilo yabo jikelele, kuyisifundo esincike kakhulu ekukhuleni kwabo njengomuntu ophilayo hhayi ekwakhiweni kwazo kwamangqamuzana.
Lolu hlobo lwe-biology lugxile kuphela ohlangeni lwesintu, olubaluleke kakhulu ngokwezinto ezingabathinta, njengezifo, amazinga okushisa ashubile, ukuziphatha kwabo emphakathini, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Marina
Funda konke okuhlobene nezidalwa zasolwandle, ngokomzimba nangokwamangqamuzana, lokhu ngokusobala kufaka phakathi zombili izilwane nezitshalo.
Uzinikele futhi ekutadisheni indlela yokunakekela imvelo yasolwandle, nokuthi ithinteke kanjani ngenxa yezinguquko emkhathini noma ukungcoliswa komhlaba.
Ezokuzala
Ukwehlukahluka kohlobo lwenhlobo kubalwa ngokwezinga lokuzala okungenzeka ukuthi linakho, futhi kule nkinga lapho isayensi le isekelwe khona, enganquma ukuthi ngabe uhlobo lwesilwane lunabantu abaningi yini, noma lusengozini yokuqothulwa.
I-Anatomy
Funda ukuthi wakhiwa kanjani umzimba, kungaba ngabantu noma yimuphi umuntu ophilayo, uchaze izindawo ngqo, kanye namagama ezinhlaka, amathambo nezicubu okungenzeka banazo.
Kubandakanya nokufundwa kokusebenza kwesitho ngasinye kanye nazo zonke izinto ezakha isidalwa esiphilayo, ukuze kutholakale amaphutha abo nokuthi bangawagwema kanjani.
I-Aerobiology
Ifunda ukusatshalaliswa nokusabalala kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana nesikhunta, impova, izinhlamvu, phakathi kokunye, kanye nokuziphatha kwazo, okusize abezesayensi yezokwelapha ukulwa nokwaliwa yizifo.
Ezemvelo
Bheka ubudlelwano bezitshalo nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, kanye nokukhula kwazo, ukwakheka kwazo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kanye nokukhula kwemvelo, zisebenzisa konke okushiwo yizifundo zebhayoloji.
Imvelo
Inesibopho sokutadisha isimo sendawo yezidalwa eziphilayo, kanye nemvelaphi yokuthi kungani zikhona, nokuthi bekuzishintsha kanjani ngokomzimba.
Lokhu kudinga ukuthi isayensi esizayo ye-biology efana ne-botany, i-zoology, i-ecology kanye namanye amagatsha, ukuthi ikwazi ukuzivocavoca.
I-bacteriology
Kusebenza zonke izifundo kanye namanye amagatsha e-biology kukho konke okungabizwa ngama-bacteria, lokhu kufaka phakathi indlela yayo yokuzala, ukukhula kwayo emvelweni, ukwakheka kwayo kwamangqamuzana, phakathi kokunye.
I-Biophysics
I-Biophysics isebenzisa zonke izindlela ze-physics ukunikeza idatha efanele futhi ebalulekile ku-biology. Isikhathi esithile bekuphikiswana ngokuthi ngabe leli yigatsha le-biology noma i-physics, ngoba izinqubo eziningi zomzimba ziyabonakala kulokhu, kepha zihlose ukusekela i-biology.
Ngokwemvelo kubhekwa njengesayensi esizayo ye-biology ngeqiniso elilula lokunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekutadisheni kwayo.
Amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo
Funda ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali wezidalwa eziphilayo, nezinqubo ezingaba nazo ngamamolekyu, njenge-metabolism ngokwesibonelo. Le yisayensi emenyezelwe njengegatsha le-chemistry, kepha iyaqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ewusizo ye-biology.
Ama-Biomechanics
Kusetshenziswa ekutadisheni ukunyakaza, i-physics, ukumelana kanye nokulinganisela kwemizimba yezidalwa eziphilayo, lolu hlobo lokutadisha lubizwa ngokuthi izinqubo ze-kinematic nezomshini ezethulwe ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni noma ezintweni eziphilayo.
I-Biomechanics incike kwi-physics kanye ne-anatomy ekutadisheni kwayo, yize okwamanje ixhumene ne-bionics.
I-Cytology
Icwaninga amaseli ezingeni lamakhemikhali kanye nelomzimba, nasemazingeni aphezulu kunalawo amangqamuzana.
I-Zoology
Kususelwa ekusetshenzisweni kwazo zonke izici zezifundo zebhayoloji ezilwaneni zazo zonke izinhlobo, noma ngabe ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni phakathi kwabanye, zona ngokwazo zazi imvelaphi yazo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isayensi esizayo ye-biology ingahlukaniswa futhi, ngokuhlolisiswa ngakunye ngakunye, ngokwesibonelo ku-Zoology ungathola amagatsha acwaninga ngezinhlobo ezithile ezifana neHerpetology egxile ezihuquzelayo.
I-Biology futhi ikhiqize izifundo ezintsha ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, obusetshenziswe ngaphakathi kuyo emagatsheni afana ne-bionics, noma i-biotechnology, esebenza ngokuthuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe ezintweni eziphilayo.
Cladistics
Kungumsebenzi wabo ukutadisha nokuhlukanisa izidalwa eziphilayo ngokwemisebenzi abanayo ezindaweni abahlala kuzo nokuthi zingabathinta kanjani.
I-Ecology
Ifunda ngobudlelwano izidalwa eziphilayo ezingaba nabo nemvelo, ukuthi ubukhona bazo buyithinta kanjani, yiziphi izinzuzo abazinikezayo futhi okuphambene nalokho, kanye nokugxila ekungcoleni komhlaba okuthinta bonke abahlali bazo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba. Iplanethi.
Isimilo
Kususelwa ocwaningweni lokuziphatha, ukuziphatha nokucabanga kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, noma ezindaweni zokuthunjwa, kuyisayensi esizayo ye-biology equkethe okuningi kwengqondo, futhi evame ukwenziwa ngocwaningo lwensimu.
I-Epidemiology
Lokhu kubonakala ngokutadisha ukwakheka nokwakheka kwezifo kanye nezindlela zazo zokusabalalisa ngqo.
Izakhi zofuzo
Inhloso enkulu yale sayensi ukuthola imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo ezakha izinto eziphilayo, nezici zazo zofuzo, njenge-DNA ephindaphindwayo noma ephindwe kabili isizukulwane ngesizukulwane.
Kubantu, izakhi zofuzo zisizile ukunquma ukuthi ngabe umntwana uzozalwa enezici zobaba, noma zikanina, ngenxa yocwaningo lwenqubo yefa lezakhi zofuzo.
Ontogeny
Funda ukuthi izinto eziphilayo zenziwa kanjani futhi zavela kanjani, ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo samangqamuzana, kanye nokhokho babo okungenzeka ukuthi bafunde nge-paleontology.
I-Paleontology
Kungena ekucwaningweni kwezinsalela zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingasekho, okungafundwa ngazo zonke izingxenye zazo ngenxa yenani lamagciwane kanye nezilwanyana ezincane ezitholakala kuzo.
Ngenxa yalolu sayensi olusizayo lwe-biology, olusebenza futhi nokwakheka komhlaba, kuye kwenzeka ukuthola izindlela ezithile zokuziphatha nezindlela zokuphila ezazinazo izilwane zasendulo ezinjengama-dinosaurs.