Isidingo sokwazi nokuthola izinto ezintsha besilokhu sikhona kubantu, bekulokhu kukhona leyo ngqangi yokudala nenelukuluku esizungezile nesishukumisela ukuba sazi kabanzi. Lokho kungenzeka kokwazi konke nokufuna ukwazi konke kungezinye zezimfanelo zobuntu ezingafanele neze zife, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi amandla okuhlanganisa igama elilodwa umqondo oyinkimbinkimbi onikeza impilo entweni ethile.
Injalo indaba ye-Heuristics, incazelo yayo ye-etymological ibhekisa ezenzweni "thola" noma "qamba", kepha kusekhona okunye, kuvela ukuthi emhlabeni wohlelo lolimi leli gama lingaba ibizo, nencazelo yalo ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba kubhekiswa ku- ubuciko noma isayensi yokutholwa. Ufuna ukwazi cha?
Ukufunda
Leli gama lisuselwa esiGrekini futhi ngokuyisisekelo lisho "ukuthola" kanye "nokusungula." Ingaba nezigaba ezimbili ngaphakathi kohlelo lolimi, esinye sifana nesiphawulo kanti esinye sinjengebizo, zombili zisenencazelo efanayo okugxile ekutholakaleni.
I-Heuristics ngokuvamile ifuna ukudala amasu aqondisa lokhu okutholakele, ngaphakathi kokufundisa kusetshenziswa kahle ngaphansi kwegama le- indlela ye-heuristic, Ifuna ukusungula amasu okuthuthuka kokucabanga ngenkathi isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola ukuqinisa ukufunda ngokuya ngezidingo noma ukufaneleka kokujwayela ingane enakho.
Ngomqondo ofanayo, i-heuristics iyisici abantu abanaso ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukucacisa imilayezo yempilo njengobuciko noma isayensi, noma kungaba njengento yokwakha okufanayo umuntu anakho ukudala izixazululo ezintsha.
Ngokusho UGeorge Pólya, i-heuristic iqukethe isipiliyoni esibandakanya ukuxazulula izinkinga nokubona ukuthi abanye bakwenza kanjani. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kungathathwa njengomsebenzi owenziwa ngokuhlanganyela.
UGeorge Pólya ngumbhali wencwadi Ungayixazulula kanjani ekuqaleni Ungayixazulula kanjani, Lapho iphakamisa uhlelo lwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze umsebenzisi funda ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-heuristics empilweni yakho. Incwadi ibonisa lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo igxathu negxathu:
- Uma kuba nzima ukuqonda inkinga, udinga ukudweba umdwebo.
- Uma namanje ungasitholi isixazululo, ungazenza ngathi usunaso bese uchaza ongakuthola kuleso sixazululo.
- Uma inkinga ingabonakali, ungazama isibonelo esingokomfanekiso.
- Zama ukubhekana nenkinga ejwayelekile kuqala.
Kwezobunjiniyela
Ngaphakathi kwalesi sayensi, kusetshenziswa amatemu njengezindlela eziningi ezisuselwa kulwazi olungasetshenziswa njengosizo ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezithile.
Kwezengqondo
Kuhlobene ngqo nobuciko futhi kube neziphakamiso eziningana ezikuvikela ukuba kube yikho umthetho oqondisa ukwenziwa kwezinqumo futhi ngichaze ngezinga elisebenzayo ukuthi abantu bangayixazulula kanjani inkinga ngempumelelo.
Amagama athi, angamelela izinqamuleli zengqondo ukunciphisa inqubo yokuqonda inkinga ethile engaholela kuyo, kuyindlela ekahle yokugcina imithombo yezengqondo.
Ukuqonda kancane ukuthi yiziphi izisekelo ezichazwa yi-heuristics njengezindlela zesayensi ezisuselwa ezimisweni zayo, imithetho namasu njengezindlela zokufunda ezisizayo, sihlukanise isakhiwo sawo ngokulandela okulandelayo:
- Izimiso zempilo: Zakha iziphakamiso zokuthola isisombululo ngqo, zisebenzisa ama-analogies njengezindlela nezindlela zesisombululo.
- Imithetho ye-heuristic: zingumthelela ojwayelekile wenqubo yokusesha futhi ngokujwayelekile zisiza ekutholeni izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga.
- Amasu we-heuristic: zingumthombo wenhlangano wezinqubo zokuxazulula ezisiza kakhulu ukubhekana nendlela ezoxazulula inkinga.
Yini indlela yokuphila?
Kade kwaziwa umqondo ochaza ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-heuristics imayelana nani, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ngendlela ye-heuristic. Le ndlela izama ukwenza sebenzisa umqondo we-heuristics ngokwamasu okucwaninga nokuxazulula izinkinga eliwaphakamisayo.
Igxile kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga, akuyona indlela elungiselelwe eqinisekisa imiphumela esheshayo kepha iyahlangabezana nezinhloso eziphakanyisiwe.
Ngokuvamile, indlela ye-heuristic iqukethe ukusebenzisa amasu okuxazulula izinkinga ngokusebenzisa amasu athile. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokunikeza isisombululo esigculisayo kunqubo yokuqonda, kungaba yindlela yengqondo yokwehlisa umthwalo osindayo wokuqonda.
Ngokunjalo, indlela ye-heuristic iqukethe amasu empirical (ngokuya ngesipiliyoni), ukuzijwayeza kanye inqubo yokubheka amaqiniso anenhloso yokunikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo senkinga ethile.
Ngokwendawo ehlongozwe ngu UGeorge Pólya en Ungayixazulula kanjani, singafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi igxathu negxathu kungabonakala njengokulula ukufeza kepha kungaba yinkinga enkulu uma zingahlaziywa ngokufanele.
Ukubaluleka kwendlela yokuphila ngaphakathi kokufundisa
Indlela yokuphila isemqoka ekufundisweni kwesayensi okunesisindo esikhulu emphakathini, kunjalo ngezibonelo ezimbili ezaphakanyiswa phambilini, njengobunjiniyela kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ngaphakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo kuyadingeka ukuthi umfundi abe nazo futhi asebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza inqubo yokufunda ifunde kakhulu futhi izwisise.
Ngokunjalo, ngaphakathi kwamakilasi kuyadingeka ukuthi amasu asebenzisa leli gama asetshenzwe ahlolwe kusukela ebuncaneni, kusuka emazingeni aphansi kakhulu kuye kulokho bafanelwe inqubo ephakeme kakhulu yokuqonda; kunjalo, ukuhlala ngaphakathi kokukhululeka kwama-heuristic ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubandakanya umzamo omkhulu wokuqonda, okungenani leyo yinhloso isayensi enayo esintwini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela ye-heuristic kumele iqinisekise ukuthi umfundi angazijwayela izakhiwo azisungulayo Ungayixazulula kanjani, Lesi sibonelo singasiza kakhulu ekwakheni isu ngokuya ngamakhono akho wokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha.
Izimfanelo zendlela ye-heuristic ngaphakathi kokufundisa
- Uyakwazi ukuthuthukisa imikhuba ephakamisa ucwaningo phakathi komphakathi wabafundi.
- Dala umkhuba wokuzazi.
- Kuthuthukisa amakhono okuzimela kumfundi.
- Njengoba inemvelo ngokwemvelo, iqinisekisa uhlelo lokufunda oluqinile futhi oluhlala njalo.
- Yenza umfundi akhuthale.