Kunamarekhodi ngemvelaphi yomuntu nokuthi impilo yayinjani ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Phakathi nale nqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ifakwe emlandweni amathuluzi okhiye yokufunda umuntu angakuthola, njengokudala isando, ukutholakala komlilo, ukuphekwa kwenyama.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngayinye yale minikelo isuka kumuntu wangaphambi komlando iye kumuntu wanamuhla, yavela esidingweni esiyisisekelo futhi yakwazi ukusinda kulezi zikhathi eziyingozi
Izici zangaphambi komlando
Emigqeni ejwayelekile kakhulu, umlando wangaphambilini wawunezici eziningi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho indoda yangaphambi komlando idlule khona, ezinye izici ezijwayelekile zazibonwa:
- Le ndoda yayiyimizulane: yayingenandawo ehleliwe yokuhlala ngoba isidingo esikhulu ngalesi sikhathi kwakungukudla, ngakho-ke isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye njalo Ukuze bathole ukudla okuhle kakhulu, babengaqoqwa ezihlahleni noma ezilwaneni ezizingelwayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuzulazula komuntu kwakuwukuzingela, amaqembu amakhulu omhambuma ayesukela imihlambi lapho eya khona ekugcineni ukuze kube lula ukuzingela.
- Amanye amasiko ayenomndeni njengensika yawo enkulu: babehlala ezizweni nasemiphakathini. Omdala uhola omncane kunabo bonke futhi bayizinhloko zemindeni.
- Amathuluzi: amathuluzi wokwakha enziwe umuntu abe intuthuko enkulu ezingeni lobuchopho, umcabango waba ukubonga okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngezidingo okwakumele zixazululwe. Amathuluzi okuqala adalwe ngumuntu ayenziwa ngamathambo ezilwane, amatshe kanye namagatsha aqinile ukuze aguquke kamuva esikhathini sensimbi. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwamathuluzi kwakuwukuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidlayo, khona-ke umlilo waba umlingani ophelele wokuvikelwa kwazo.
- Izilwane zasekhaya: abantu bafunde ukwenza izilwane ezithambile ukutadisha indlela abaziphatha ngayo, kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ebezivalelwe ukuthi zidliwe ziba yisilwane esifuywayo.
Indoda yangaphambi komlando
Umuntu wokuqala kwakunguNeanderthal, owayesenezici ze-primate futhi kamuva yavela yaba yiHomo sapiens. Lokhu okubili kungumsuka walokho esikwaziyo namuhla njengomlando, kusukela ngalezi zikhathi umuntu ube negalelo kumasiko nakwisayensi.
Imivubukulo yangaphambi komlando ithathwa njengomuntu lapho umgogodla wamathambo unikeza izinkomba zokuthi wakwazi ukuma ume mpo, amandla awo we-cranial angaba nobuchopho obukhulu kakhulu obufana nobuka-homo sapiens, futhi izingalo nezandla zinwetshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, obizwa nangokuthi indoda yakudala, kubhekwa ngale ndlela kuze kube ukuvela kwe ukubhala kumasiko asendulo.
Indoda engaphambi komlando yinoma ngubani owake waphila ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zayo, esikhathini samatshe nangesikhathi sensimbi.
Yize bebizwa ngokuthi ngabantu bakudala, bebekwazi ukucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga zokusinda, noma bengazi ukubhala, bangaba namanye amakhono okuqonda.
Phakathi kwezici zomzimba nezici umuntu anazo ngaphambi komlando, sithola ukuthi zinesiqu esifushane, sibonga kakhulu semisipha emisebenzini yokuzingela nokuzulazulaBabenemihlathi eqinile futhi behamba begobile.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukuxhumana kwakukhishwa ngokunyakaza komzimba nangokukhipha imisindo. Ngokulandelayo, ukutholakala komlilo kulungise impilo yomuntu, kumenze ancike elangabini elibomvu. Le nto yaba nesidingo lapho umdlalo uqala ukuphekwa, ingalawula izifo eziningi ezidalwe ukusetshenziswa kwenyama eluhlaza.
Imisebenzi eyatholwa ngumuntu wangaphambi komlando yayishintsha ngokuya ngemiyalo yezikhundla eyayigcinwa ezizweni nasemiphakathini, kancane kancane ubuholi obuthile buvele eqenjini ngalinye: amadoda azingelwa, abesifazane baqoqa izithelo kwathi izingane zaqoqa umlilo nokufudumeza.
Esikhathini sangaphambi komlando, umuntu wenza amagalelo amakhulu kwezobuciko ngokujwayelekile, indlela eyinhloko yokuxhumana kwakuwukudweba emihumeni eyenziwe ngothuli oluthile lwemvelo njengama-oxide kanti amanye akhishwa ngamatshe.
Ukuxhumana okubukwayo bekuyingxenye yerekhodi lomuntu nempilo yakhe yansuku zonke, yokuthi bazingela kanjani nokuthi isilwane ngasinye simeleni esigcawini.
Umphakathi wangaphambi komlando
Lo mphakathi wakhiwe yizikhundla eziphezulu kanye nezindima zomphakathi ezinikezwe ilungu ngalinye lomphakathi.
Yize emvelweni yawo umuntu engazange ahlukanise phakathi komphakathi, kepha izidingo zakhe bezingezesidala kakhulu, umphakathi wangaphambi komlando uthola amandla njengoba ubuchopho bomuntu buya buba nzima ngokwengeziwe.
Amanye amasiko ezenhlalo esiwaziyo namuhla aguqulelwe kumuntu kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Phakathi kwezici zomphakathi wangaphambi komlando esizitholayo:
- Imithwalo: ilunga ngalinye lomphakathi lalinesibopho egameni lakho; Okusho ukuthi, izingane zaqoqa amagatsha, izithelo zabesifazane namadoda azingelwa, abantu abadala kancane kancane baba ngabaholi bezizwe.
- Le ndoda, yize ihlala nabanye emphakathini, ayishiyi ize ifike ezigabeni zokugcina zenkathi yangaphambi komlando wokuba ngumhambuma. Izindawo zokuhlala zesikhashana kwakuyimihume nemigede lapho babechitha khona isikhathi sabo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokufika komlilo, umuntu wayefuna ukunamathiselwa endaweni eqondile lapho ezizwa ephephile khona.
Izigaba zangaphambi komlando:
Yize sikhuluma ngomlando wangaphambilini njengenkathi yesikhathi lapho izinqubo eziningi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zenzeka khona eduze komuntu, lo mongo ubanzi kakhulu futhi uthathe cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-3.5, ehlukaniswe ngezigaba eziyinhloko noma amaphuzu okuphuka kumugqa wesikhathi.:
Ubudala bamatshe:
Lesi sigaba somuntu sibonakala ngokusinda kokuqala lapho umuntu isebenzisa izitsha zokuzingela nezikhali ezenziwe ikakhulukazi ngamatshe, lesi sikhathi sihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
I-Paleolithic
Lesi sikhathi sihlanganisa iminyaka yokuqala yeHomo sapiens, kuze kufike ku-9000 BC, futhi yathuthukiswa ezingxenyeni ezithile zeYurophu, i-Asia ne-Afrika.
Phakathi kwezici ezivelele zePalaeolithic sithola ukusungulwa komnsalo, inja ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi wasekhaya kanye nokuvela kwezobuciko njengezindlela zokuxhumana.
Umculo ngokwengxenye yawo uba yingxenye yempilo yomuntu, lingisa imisindo yezilwane futhi kwezemvelo kuhlanganiswe nokuqala kwezinkolelo zokukholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi bomuntu wokuqala.
I-Mesolithic
Le nkathi ayinalo usuku oluthile, ngoba iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinsuku nezindawo, konke kususelwa ezinsaleleni zasendulo. I-Mesolithic ingabhekiswa njengenkathi yesikhathi phakathi kwePaleolithic neNeolithic.
Ku-Mesolithic, ukudoba kuvela njengomsebenzi wokusinda wesibili, ezolimo zihamba phambili kulesi sikhathi, nemiphakathi ikhula ngokuya ngokuhluka komphakathi: abazingeli, abadobi kanye nabaholi bomphakathi.
Umholi womphakathi ufeza imisebenzi eminingana: umpristi noma i-shaman nodokotela. Amasiko athile avela ngokufa kanye nemfihlakalo yokuphila okudlulele.
Kule nkathi, umuntu wazi kakhulu ngokwengeziwe ngemizwa yakhe yezinzwa ehlobene nokufa.
I-Neolithic
Imboza iminyaka eyi-5000 kanye ne-2500 BC kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Lesi yisikhathi setshe elipholishiwe. Ukuhweba kuvela ngohlobo lokushintshana, impahla iba ngeyimfihlo nemisebenzi efana nezolimo, ukudoba, imfuyo nokuzingela iba yingxenye yempilo yomuntu yansuku zonke njengemisebenzi ephambili.
Izimayini zazalwa njengezimpawu zokuqala zeminyaka yensimbi, esevele ibheke eminyakeni yokugcina yalesi sikhathi.
Ubudala bensimbi:
Kulesi sigaba sesibili sangaphambi komlando kubonakala amathuluzi okuqala enziwe ngezinsimbi, uqala ukusebenzisa ithusi, i-iron nethusi, kwesinye isikhathi usebenzisa igolide njengomhlobiso noma izingxenye ezincane zamathuluzi kodwa akuyona insimbi eyinhloko. Lesi sikhathi siphakathi kuka-4000 no-1200 BC.
Iminyaka yethusi
Kubandakanya iminyaka engu-4000 kuya ku-3000 BC Ukufuywa kwezinye izilwane ezinjengembongolo nenkabi kubonakala esikhathini sethusi. Le nsimbi isize kakhulu ukuqhubekela phambili ku- ukwenziwa kwezikhaliKodwa-ke, ibibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ingahlangabezani nokulindelwe ngumuntu wangaphambi komlando, ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela isidingo sokubheka ezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-bronze ne-iron ekwakheni izikhali ngakho-ke iminyaka elandelayo yazalwa.
Ubudala Bethusi
Kubandakanya iminyaka engu-3000 kuya ku-1200 BC Kule nkathi, ukushintshana kuba yingxenye yempilo yomuntu ngenxa yenani lezinsimbi eziqala ukunikezwa. I-bronze yayinokumelana okuningi kakhulu kunethusi, kepha nokho ayizange ihlangabezane nezidingo zesikhali esibulalayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhweba okuqondile kwensimbi kuthonywa amazinga nokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko umuntu akufinyelela ngenxa yokushintshana.
Isikhathi sensimbi
Kubaluleke kakhulu kusukela ngonyaka we-1400 BC.Umuntu ucwaninga ngensimbi ukuze akwazi ukubumba amathuluzi okuqala enziwe ngensimbi.
El ukutholakala kwensimbi yenza indoda yashada ngokuphelele kuyo futhi yamukela le nsimbi njengeyona eyinhloko yokwenziwa kwezikhali zokuzingela nokuvikela imiphakathi.
Futhi, ukuqaliswa kwensimbi empilweni yansuku zonke yomlando, kwenza imisebenzi yokudoba, imfuyo kanye nezolimo yaba mnandi kakhulu kumuntu; sibonga ukwenziwa kwamathuluzi akhethekile walolu hlobo lomsebenzi.