Izici nezinto zokuxhumana

Ukuxhumana kwaziwa njengaleyo nqubo lapho abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu befuna dlulisa uhlobo oluthile lolwazi phakathi kwabo, ukuphatha ngempumelelo ukuthumela umyalezo ngesiteshi abazikhethele sona lapho ungatholwa futhi uqondwe khona.

Ukuxhumana kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo okubhalwe ngomlomo nangokubhaliwe okuyizinto eziyisisekelo futhi eziyinhloko; yize sibonga ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe obekukhona emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, izindlela ezintsha ngokuphelele nezisebenzayo zokuxhumana sezitholakele, zifinyelela ezindaweni ebezingakaze zicatshangwe ukuthi zingafinyelela phambilini.

Ukuze uqedele inqubo yokuxhumana, kuyadingeka ukuthi zonke izinto zokuxhumana zibe khona ekugcwalisekeni kwayo, okubandakanya phakathi kwazo abathumeli, abamukelayo, umyalezo, ishaneli, ikhodi nomongo.

Kunezinto ezithile ezingakwazi kuthinte inqubo yokuxhumana, njengomsindo okwazi ukuvimbela abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu ukuxhumana ngomlomo, mhlawumbe ukuvimbela imiyalezo ukuthi ifike kahle, okwenza inqubo idideke, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuthinta ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye. izinhlobo zokuxhumana zamanje, ngenxa yokulahleka kwesiginali, phakathi abanye.

Kuyini ukuxhumana?

Ukuxhumana kuyindlela imininingwane edluliswa ngayo, okwabiwayo, imizwa okwabelwana ngayo, izindaba ziyakhulunywa, phakathi kokunye, lapho ukubamba iqhaza komthumeli okunguye ofuna ukudlulisa, futhi owemukelayo, okunguye, edingeka kakhulu ethola umyalezo, okuwulwazi ofuna ukuluthumela ngesiteshi esithile, olunekhodi nomongo ukuze uwunikeze incazelo nencazelo.

Ukuze umuntu akwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo Kuyadingeka ukuthi ube namakhono okuxhumana, azokusiza ukwazi ukwakha imikhuba edingekayo yokwenza inqubo yokukhulumisana ecacile neqondakalayo, phakathi kwayo okukhona ukuzwelana, ikhono lokuqonda, ukukhuluma ngomlomo nangaphandle kwamazwi, inhlonipho abalaleli, phakathi kwabanye.

Izinhlobo zokuxhumana

Ezokuxhumana zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili, phakathi kwazo ezokukhuluma nezingakhulumi ngamazwi, yize ngenxa yocwaningo olunzulu olwenziwe ngalokhu, kunqunywe ukuthi, ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, cishe ama-30 izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuxhumanaFuthi kungashiwo futhi ukuthi imininingwane ingadluliselwa ngezinzwa ezithile zomzimba ezinjengephunga nokunambitha, okuwukuphela kwento ebalulekile ukuthi kukhona zonke izinto zokuxhumana kule nqubo.

Ukuxhumana ngamazwi nangamazwi

Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhumana zivame kakhulu kubantu, zehluka kuphela ngokubheka nokubona ukuthi umyalezo ngowamazwi noma cha.

Ukuxhumana ngomlomo

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lubonakala ngokwethula amagama ekugcwalisekeni kwawo, wona ngokwawo angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezimbili, okuwukuxhumana ngomlomo, nokuxhumana okubhaliwe, ngoba kukho kokubili isenzo kuyabonakala, ngenxa yokuthi kusetshenziswe amagama kuwo.

• Ukuxhumana ngomlomo: Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lungahlukaniswa ngoba labo abakwenzayo, bayakhuluma ngamagama noma isenzo esithile esilolu hlobo, njengokukhala. Ukuxhumana kwalolu hlobo kuvame kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke.
• Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe: Kulolu hlobo lokuxhumana ungakwazisa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamagama, kepha kulokhu ngokusobala, ngoba angenziwa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo, njengephepha, okuvame kakhulu, noma ezindongeni ezinjengempucuko yasendulo eyayenza i-Hieroglyphics, ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo kukhona nezindlela ezithile ezibonakalayo, lapho abantu bekwazi ukuxhumana ngomlomo ngendlela ebhaliwe njengezinkomfa zengxoxo.

Ukuxhumana okungahambisani namazwi

Kulolu hlobo lomlayezo, ungabona ukuthi izinto zokuxhumana zibamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokuthinta ngokuphelele, lapho umthumeli ecishe ngokungazi thumela umyalezo ngokuthinta, izimpawu noma ukunyakaza ngokungazitholi kumamukeli, lokhu kuyisiteshi sabo esifanele.

Ukuxhumana okungakhulumi ngomlomo kungaba okungaqondakali ngokwemvelo ngoba ezimweni eziningi kuchazwa ngokungeyikho, ngoba ezinye izenzo zingathathwa ngokunganambitheki kahle, ngabantu abazithatha njengezijwayelekile ngokweqile.

Kwenziwe izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana ezisize abantu abanokukhubazeka okubukwayo kanye nokuzwa, ukuze babasize ezinhlelweni zabo zokuxhumana, ngoba kuyisidingo somuntu ukuze akwazi ukudlulisa noma yiluphi ulwazi.

Ulimi lwezandla lwenzelwe abantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa, okuyinto evamile kakhulu namuhla ukubona ezindabeni ukuze laba bantu baqonde imicimbi yansuku zonke abayidlulisayo, ngenkathi yabangaboni kahle, yize bekwazi ukulalela futhi ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana ngomlomo, banenketho nge-braille, ephakanyiswa ukubhala, engafundwa ngokuthinta.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana, iziqeshana zingatholakala futhi ziqondiswa ezinye izinto, ezinjengenani labantu ababamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokuxhumana, ngokwesiteshi sezinzwa umyalezo othunyelwa ngaso, ngokwenhloso yawo, futhi njengamanje sekwakhiwe ukwahlukaniswa okusha okuhlukaniswa ngumgudu wobuchwepheshe odlulisa imininingwane.

Izakhi zokuxhumana

Ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo ngempumelelo, ukubamba iqhaza kwazo zonke izinto zokuxhumana kuyadingeka, phakathi kwazo kungashiwo u-6, okungukuthi umthumeli, umamukeli, umlayezo, ikhodi, isiteshi nomongo, phakathi konke yikho okunikeza ukwakheka nencazelo kukho.

Transmitter

Ama-Issuers achazwa njengabantu abathi Baphethe ukudlulisa imininingwane, Kungenzeka babelane ngemizwa yabo, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, indaba yabo, amahlaya abo, izindaba zabo, noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi, olungenziwa ngeziteshi ezahlukahlukene, okuthi ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe zikwazi ukwenziwa.

Umamukeli

Lokhu kubonakala ngokuba munye noma a iqembu labantu umyalezo ofinyelela kubo, ukukwazi ukuyihlaziya, ukuyihumusha nokuyiqonda, kube ukuphela kwendlela yomyalezo, ukuze ekugcineni ifeze injongo yayo, leyo yokudlulisa imininingwane. Abemukeli, ngemuva kokuthola nokuqonda umlayezo, bavamise ukuqhubeka babe ngabathumeli, kube inqubo efanayo kwabangaphambili.

Mensaje

Imilayezo imane nje ayilutho ngaphandle kwe- imininingwane ezodluliselwaLokhu kuthuthukiswa ngamakhodi ahlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi uyakwazi ukuhamba ngenombolo enkulu yeziteshi inqobo nje uma umamukeli engakubona.

Canal

Isiteshi singachazwa njenge- okuphakathi lapho imininingwane idluliswa khona, okungaba ngezinhlobo ezimbili, eyokufakelwa, isibonelo salokhu kungaba yidiski, noma idokhumenti ebonakalayo, kanye nemvelo, okungaba umoya, okuyinkulumo edluliselwa ngokwemvelo.

Ikhodi

Amakhodi ahunyushwa njengeqoqo le- izimpawu ezinikeza ukwakheka nokwakheka kolimi, Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana ungathola amakhodi ahlukile njengezimpawu ezisebenza njengesiginali somsebenzi othile, noma izilimi ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba.

Umqondo

Lokhu kungaqondakala njenge isimo lapho kutholakala khona inqubo yokuxhumana, ngokugxila ngqo kumlayezo, okuthi phakathi kwezici zokunquma kwalokhu kungashiwo isikhathi, indawo, imizwa, phakathi kwabanye.

Izici ezingathinta inqubo yokuxhumana

Kunezici eziningi ezikwazi ukuguqula le nqubo, ngoba kokuningi kwalokhu kungabonwa ukuthi zingazithinta kanjani izinto zokuxhumana ngandlela thile, ukungenelela esiteshini, okwenza umyalezo uhlanekezelwe, ekugcineni kubangele ukuthi umamukeli angaqondi umyalezo, nokuthi umthumeli akakwazi ukusungula lokho abefuna ukukuxhumana.

Esinye sezici ezivame kakhulu umsindo, ngoba lapho abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu befuna ukusungula inqubo yokuxhumana, kungaba nzima kubo kunoma yisiphi isiteshi, ngoba uma kungukuxhumana ngomlomo, umyalezo ngeke uzwakale kahle, ngakho-ke ngeke uqondakale.

Lokhu kungathinta izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana, yize iningi kakhulu kuyizingxenye zokuxhumana ngomlomo, ezinjengezinkulumo zevidiyo nge-Intanethi, izingcingo, umsakazo nethelevishini.

Eziteshini eziningi zobuchwepheshe, enye yezinto engathinta le nqubo ngendlela ebucayi ukuphazanyiswa, noma ukungabikho kwesiginali okungadala ukuthi ukuxhumana kungabikho noma ukuthi kuyinqubo ehamba kancane futhi eyisicefe, lapho ekugcineni , ezinye izinto zokuxhumana zingalahlekelwa yintshisekelo noma umsebenzi wazo, ababambiqhaza abakhulu kube ngabathumeli nabamukeli.

Ukuxhumana kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu esintwini, ngoba ngayo amasiko amakhulu akhona futhi akhona kuwo wonke umlando athuthukisiwe.

Kuyinqubo okumele inakekelwe futhi yaziwe ngezinzuzo zayo ezinkulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ngesidingo umuntu ngamunye azizwa ngaso ukukhuluma konke azizwayo, nalokho akwaziyo, lokhu kungenye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zesintu, okuyinto kungukuhlanganyela lokho abakufundile ezizukulwaneni ezintsha.