Okubalulekile yikho konke ukuxhumana okungasungulwa ngakho, okungaba nezici nezici ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke kunezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinjengamanzi, amatshe, izinkuni, uwoyela, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamagesi, izinsimbi, izidalwa eziphilayo, phakathi kwabanye.
Izici ezijwayelekile zendaba zinobukhulu, ivolumu, nesisindo, ngokuba yizo zonke lezi zici zazo zonke izinto noma ngabe ziqinile, ziwuketshezi noma zinomoya, futhi ezinye ezingaba yisici ngasinye njengokwandiswa, ukuqina, ukuhlukaniswa, ukungangeneki, ukuqina, i-porosity, ne-inertia, okuyizo zonke lezi zici zazo zonke izinto, noma ngabe iqinile, iyamanzi noma inegesi.
Kunezinye izinhlobo zezakhiwo, okuyizimpawu zohlobo ngalunye lwendaba ethile, njengokuthi okubili okuqinile kubulukhuni nobulukhuni, kanti oketshezini kungaba yindawo yabo yokubilisa ne-viscosity.
Lezi zakhiwo zinenhloso eyinhloko, landela njengokwahlukanisa izinhlobo zendaba ezingaba khona kulo lonke ukunwetshwa kweplanethi, enokuhlukahluka okukhulu impela, kusuka kokuqinile okuqinile nokuqinile kuya kumagesi aqukethe uketshezi olukhulu futhi angenawo umumo yize ebaluleke ngokwawo.
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izakhiwo ngqo zento ngayinye, kanye nenani lazo, ngoba konke lokhu kuyalinganiswa futhi kuyalinganiseka.
Yini udaba uqobo?
Incazelo yalo ivela kwelesiLatini, "udaba" elihunyushwa ngokuthi "izinto izinto ezakhiwe ngazo" yize lokhu kuhlobene nokhuni okwenziwa ngalo izihlahla, okuwumqondo ofanayo, ngenxa yokuthi izihlahla zenziwe le nto.
Yikho konke okubambekayo, yingakho inomzimba wenyama owenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezingaba nezici ezahlukahlukene, ezisezifundeni ezithile futhi ezingaguquka ngesikhala nangesikhathi.
Kunendaba yini engaxhumana nakho kokubili ngokubonakalayo nangokubonakalayo, enezici ezintathu eziyinhloko ukuqina kwayo, ubukhulu bayo nesikhala nesikhathi esithathe ngesikhathi esithile.
Lokhu kunezigaba ezimbili: isisindo esakhiwa ngamazinga amancane kakhulu kanye namazinga we-macroscopic, kanye ne-non-mass, phakathi kwawo okunye njengokukhanya ngokwesibonelo.
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zendaba
Lezi zakhiwo azikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto, yize ngokuvamile bebhekene nezinto eziyisisekelo ezikhona kuyo yonke indawo yasemhlabeni.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona okubanzi okungukuthi, isisindo, ivolumu nesisindo, kanti impahla enkulu yalokhu ingukuqina.
- IMisa: kubhekisa kulo lonke inani lezinto umzimba ongaqukatha lona uqobo, ngokuvamile iyunithi ehlongozwayo cishe yiwo wonke umuntu ukuyilinganisa ikhilogremu. Leli gama livela kwelesiLatini elithi "massa" elivela esenzweni sokufaka uketshezi emzimbeni owawukhubazekile phambilini ukuze wakhe umzimba othambile futhi obushelelezi.
- Ivolumu: yonke imizimba ebonakalayo ithatha isikhala sesikhathi, esikalwa ngezikwele eziyikwele, ngoba lokhu kususelwa kubude nokukhuliswa kwalo (ububanzi) encazelweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu yesifunda, esikhaleni esithile esihlala kuso.
- Isisindo: kunqunywa njengamandla asetshenziswa amandla adonsela phansi emzimbeni othize, anamandla okuqonda endaweni ethile yokusekelwa, okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi akhiqizwa maphakathi nomhlaba, esilinganisweni esiphelele somzimba . Amagama isisindo nesisindo ahluke kakhulu, yize kulezi zinsuku kujwayelekile ukubona ukuthi abantu basebenzisa igama elithi "isisindo" ukubhekisa kumakhilogremu omzimba wenyama, lapho lokhu kungukukhulu kwawo.
Izici ezingaphandle
Lokhu kuyingxenye yokujwayelekile. Ziyengeza, ngoba isampula lenani eliphelele lendaba liyathathwa, ngokuvamile ukuze kukalwe lokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi ubukhulu bomzimba wenyama, phakathi kwazo kukhona ukunwetshwa, ubude, kanye ne-inertia, futhi njengoba isakhiwo sawo sobumbano singathathwa njengempahla ejwayelekile yendaba, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukwazi okuqukethwe kuyo kuma-moles.
- Isandiso: lokhu kunwetshwa komzimba, lapho izingxenye zawo Ziyalinganiswa, lokhu kuyalinganiswa ngezingxenye zemizimba, kanti lena ifuna ukwazi ukuthi umzimba unendawo engakanani, ejwayele ukubizwa ngosayizi wayo.
- Inertia: Kungukuphikisana komzimba wenyama noma okokusebenza okuphikisana namandla athile okusetshenziselwa ukuguqula isimo sokuphumula, ukunyakaza, kanye namandla ayo okuhlala kuleso simo isikhathi esithile.
- I-Longitud: isilinganiso semethrikhi, esinqunywa ngemuva kokwazi ibanga lomzimba othile wejometri, ngoba yize ejwayele ukudideka, ahlukile, ngoba ibanga liyingxenye kuphela noma ulayini oqondile womzimba, kanti ubude buyijika le ngokufanayo kukhulu kuzo zonke izimo.
Izakhiwo zangaphakathi
Yizo zonke lezo zakhiwo ezithile, Ekhombisa uhlobo lomzimba ongafundwar, nazo ezihlukaniswa zibe ngokomzimba, okuyizinto ezingabonwa ngamehlo noma ngokuthinta, nangamakhemikhali, okuyilawo adala ushintsho ezintweni, eziphikisana nezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zendaba, ngenxa yalokho zisetshenziswa ezintweni ezithile.
Izakhiwo zangaphakathi zibandakanya ukuncibilika namaphoyinti abilayo, ubulukhuni, ukuncibilika, ukuminyana, ukusebenza ngamandla, ukuqina, nokuqina.
Izici zamakhemikhali zendaba zingasebenza kabusha ngamanzi, ngezisekelo noma ngama-acid, nokushisa kwawo.