Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, umuntu wabhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu ezingeni lamasiko nenkolo elalungisa isimo sabo sokuziphatha. Kwakukhona nezinguquko ezinkulu ezazinquma isiphetho sezifunda ezahlukahlukene.
Namuhla, besifuna ukukulethela yonke imininingwane ye- imininingwane yobudala obuphakathi lokho okumele ukwazi, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi imaphi amasiko esiwamukelayo njengomphakathi futhi uhlale namuhla, yiziphi izinkolelo esizigcinayo kusukela kulesi sikhathi nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ekuphelelweni kwesintu.
Yini iNkathi Ephakathi?
Yisikhathi esifaka phakathi iminyaka yokugcina yokuhlakazeka koMbuso WaseRoma Yasentshonalanga, kuze kufike i-Modern Age, eyaqala ngemuva kokuthi uChristopher Columbus ethole iMelika.
Isigaba sokufihlwa noma sobumnyama, sasicindezela kakhulu umuntu. Izikhathi ezinde zodlame zithinte ngqo impilo yomuntu ngamunye ngenxa yokuhlala kwesonto emandleni ezenhlalo, kanye nasidingo salokhu ukubeka umyalo owodwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibinethonya emlandweni wobuciko ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinama-oda ahlukile okwakhiwa.
Kulesi sikhathi, ukunyakaza kwezobuciko kuyachuma ngenxa yezidingo zokuxhumana ezitholwa ngumuntu, futhi nokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu njengento eyinhloko yokwesaba kuyimbangela yobuciko obukhulu beNkathi Ephakathi.
Ubuciko obuhlukile obufana nezincwadi, ukudweba, ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwamatshe, kungabaphikisi bohlangothi oluhle olunodlame ngalesi sikhathi.
Izigaba zeNkathi Ephakathi
Ake siqale ngokuhlukanisa isilinganiso seminyaka ngezigaba, kuzo zonke lezi zikhathi kube nezinguquko zamasiko nezokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Iminyaka ephakathi ephezulu
I-Middle Ages ephakeme yayihlanganisa ikhulu lesi-XNUMX kuya kwele-XNUMX leminyaka, okwathi ngaleso sikhathi kwasetshenziswa imodeli yamakhosi, eyayihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngokwezigaba zomphakathi ezazinciphisa labo ababencishwe amathuba.
Amanani afana nenkosi, izicukuthwane nabefundisi, anquma ngekusasa labantu abavamile nabalimi. Owokuqala wayenamandla okunquma ngekusasa lalaba ababencishwe amathuba futhi baphoxwa "yisimo sabo senhlalo nezomnotho."
Iminyaka ephakathi
Kubandakanya ikhulu leshumi nambili kuya kweleshumi nanhlanu, ubuKrestu buba sibonga kakhulu ezimpini zenkolo. Iminotho yamazwe aseduze iyakhula, lapho ikhulu leshumi nambili kanye neshumi nantathu liyinto yokugubha nokuchuma; kodwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ukuba khona kwezinambuzane nezifo kwahlupha abantu bangenkathi ephakathi.
Yiziphi izici zeNkathi Ephakathi?
Okulandelayo, sizokunikeza imigqa ejwayelekile ifayela le- izici ezichaza ubudala obuphakathi:
Isonto
Wayelawula ngokuphelele wonke umphakathi, ukwesaba uNkulunkulu nokuba yizoni kwakuyizici ezazilungisa futhi zehlisa abantu bangeNkathi Ephakathi.
Impilo yamasiko nokuvela kobuciko
Ubuciko buba yisisekelo njengokuwukuphela kwendlela yokuchazwa kwamasiko ahlukanisiwe, yingakho kungatholwa izinkathi ezahlukahlukene zobuciko ezihlanganisa iNkathi Ephakathi, lapho inkolo isebenza njenge-portrait motif:
- Ubuciko bobuKrestu bokuqala: Kuwubuciko benkolo obubonisa impilo kaJesu, benziwa ngendlela efihlekile ukuze abalandeli bendodana kaNkulunkulu bangabulawa. Kulobu buciko, isigaba sabaphathi bamanani sigqamile, ubukhona baphezulu babumelwe ngendlela yomuntu, izingxenye zomsebenzi zitholakala ngokomthetho wobuso obusetshenziswe iminyaka kwezobuciko baseGibhithe.
- Ubuciko beByzantine: kugcina umthetho wokubekwa phambili kobuKrestu bakuqala, ukubaza, ubuciko bomdwebo nokudweba kugqame kule nkathi yesikhathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemibala egqamile kutholakala kulo mdwebo, imidwebo esezindaweni eziphakeme zamasiko iyagqama, futhi isiko linamathonya amakhulu aseMpumalanga.
- Ubuciko bamaSulumane: ukwenziwa kwe-geometrization kwezibalo kugqame kuyo yonke imikhakha, kugcizelelwa ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwamatshe amakhemikhali. I-iconoclastic futhi isebenzisa izinto ezingezinhle ekwakhiweni kwayo, inomlingiswa osebenzayo nokuhlobisa ofuna ukujabulisa onkulunkulu abehlukene bamaSulumane.
- Ubuciko bangaphambi kwama-Romanesque: Ihlonipheke kakhulu kuneminye imisinga, inezici zobuKristu, iCeltic nezamaJalimane.
- Ubuciko be-Gothic: izakhiwo ezinkulu evelele emasontweni futhi basilica. Inhloso enkulu yamaGothic kwakuwukufaka ukwesaba kubantu, yingakho i-gargoyles ingabonwa emasangweni amasonto njengophawu lobubi, ngakho-ke abantu babenemikhuba yenkolo ejwayelekile.
- Ubuciko be-Renaissance: ukuzalwa kabusha kwakuwukukhanya okwanikeza indlela yokumisa imisinga emisha, kule nkathi yesikhashana, ukwesaba uNkulunkulu kucishe kwaqedwa ngokuphelele futhi umuntu uqala ukuba ngumlandeli ophambili, oqondayo nofundwayo. Ifilosofi kanye nesayensi eyayishiyelwe eceleni amasiko amaGrikhi ayabuya.
Iminikelo yobuhlakani
Zonke izinkathi zamasiko ezifakwe eNkathini Ephakathi zibalulekile, kodwa-ke, i-Renaissance kwakuyisigaba esihle kakhulu sobuntu, lapho umuntu angaba yisazi sefilosofi, umakhi wezakhiwo, udokotela, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, umdwebi, umqophi, umbhali, uthisha, usosayensi futhi okwazi ukubhekana naye inani elingenamkhawulo lokuhweba nesayensi. Ngokuyinhloko imigomo yezokwelapha yathuthukiswa phakathi nalesi sikhathi esingokomlando, lapho izinzwa zomzimba, zokujikeleza kwegazi, zamathambo nezicubu zomzimba zivezwa ukuqonda okungcono, ikakhulu kwezifo ezazihlasele abantu.
Ezolimo
Phakathi kwezici zeNkathi Ephakathi, sithola ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo njengomsebenzi oyinhloko wezomnotho, ngoba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwakwehluke ngokulingana nokufunwa kokudla okuvunwayo.
Ubukhosi
Kwakuhlala cishe kuyo yonke inkathi yangenkathi ephakathi, umbuso wamakhosi wawuhlanganisa inkosi enikeza umhlaba izicukuthwane namaqhawe ukuze abaxoshwe emphakathini ababengaphansi kobugqila bakhe babasebenzele. Inzuzo yayingeyama-feudal ayenikeza ukuvikela nokukhosela kwabampofu.
Ezombusazwe
Isonto bekungumthetho omkhulu, linikeza izwi lokugcina ezinqumweni abantu abafuna ukuzenza ngenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Isu lakhe kwakungukufaka abantu ukwesaba uNkulunkulu, ebaphuca ilungelo lokufunda ukuze bakwazi ukulawula izimpilo zabo. Kwakuyizikhathi ezimnyama kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukufinyelela olwazini lwezenkolo, kuphela amadoda acebile kakhulu futhi anamalungelo ayingxenye yemiphakathi ephakeme yezenkolo, ayekwazi ukufinyelela kulolo lwazi.
Ukungalingani emphakathini
Umphakathi wawuhlukaniswe ngokwezigaba zenhlalo, ngokwesakhiwo se-pyramidal esinquma ukuhleleka kokulandelana kokuqanjwa kobani ngenxa yezikhungo zezomnotho nezenhlalo imiphakathi eyayinazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla
Bobabili abefundisi nobukhosi babenamandla alinganayo, yize babenezabelo ezahlukahlukene embusweni, bobabili babekwazi ukuthola izinzuzo ezifanayo.
Sithemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe mayelana nezici zeNkathi Ephakathi bekuthanda kakhulu, ngoba sikulungiselele ngokuqoqa imininingwane futhi sikunikeze ngendlela elula kakhulu.