Izici eziyinhloko zesayensi ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, kuhlelekile, kuhlaziye, kuyiqiniso, kukhethekile, jikelele, kusetshenzisiwe, kuyabuthana, okwesikhashana, kuyaqinisekiswa futhi kuvuleke.
Isayensi yaziwa njengeqoqo lolwazi olusetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile ocwaningweni noma ocwaningweni ofuna ukulwenza, usebenzisa indlela yesayensi.
Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesayensi ekutholeni nasekucaciseni ukungabaza okuvele kuwo wonke umlando wobuntu, umuntu ukwazile ukuphuma kulezo zinkolelo zasendulo zemilingo, ukuthola incazelo enengqondo ezintweni, enezisekelo nezisekelo.
Lokhu kunamagatsha amaningana, ngoba kunezindawo eziningi lapho kusetshenziswa khona indlela yesayensi, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zesayensi ziyasetshenziswa, ngoba lezi ziyisisekelo salo lonke ucwaningo lwesayensi.ukuthi ufuna ukwenza.
Isetshenziselwa ukucacisa yonke leyo mibuzo engakwazanga ukuyiphendula, ngokususelwa kumamodeli ahleleke kahle, lapho kunendlela yokuxazulula le nkinga, kanye nezisombululo zayo ezingaba khona, ukuze ifinyelele kuyo ibheka kula maqhinga
- Ukudalwa kwamamodeli: Kususelwa ekwakhiweni kwezimo ezingafana nemvelo lapho kwenziwa khona isifundo, kusetshenziswa izimo ezingatshela noma ezinikeze imiphumela elula yophenyo.
- I-hypothesis: Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umuntu ophenywayo ekwazile ukuthola isiqinisekiso salokho akwenzile, yize lokhu kungakabi bikho ukuqinisekiswa yi-ejenti yangaphandle.
- Imibono: okuyizinkolelo zohlobo oluthile ezenziwe zahlanganiswa, futhi zikwazile ukunqoba imigoqo yokuqinisekisa ebekwe yisayensi, ikwazi ukuzibamba ngamandla.
Usosayensi kumele abe nazo zonke izimfanelo zesayensi ukuze akwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela eyiyo, ngoba uma lowo oyisebenzisayo engazifezi lezo zidingo, uzobe ehluleka imithetho ebekiwe yokuthola noma iyiphi idatha njengeyiqiniso, futhi hhayi kuzobheka umsebenzi owenzayo noma owenzayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesayensi, okuthi, kwezinye zisebenzise idatha yezibalo, nakweminye imininingwane kususelwa kuphenyo lwensimu, kube ngokoqobo ngokwengeziwe, yize konke kusekelwe ekufuneni umbono wokuzama ukucabanga nokuwahlola.
Izici ezivelele kakhulu zesayensi
Ngemuva kokwazi okuncane mayelana nokuthi isayensi iyini, nokuthi kufanele isetshenziswe kanjani, izici okufanele zinakwe lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo noma umsebenzi wesayensi kufanele zinakwe, yilokhu okulandelayo:
Kufanele kube kuhlelekile
Isayensi inesistimu yayo yokusebenza, okumele isetshenziswe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi, lolu hlobo lolwazi belukhula ngokufana kuwo wonke umlando wokutadisha nokucwaninga komuntu.
Lolu hlobo lokubonisana okuhlelekile lwakha imibuzo egcina iba ngamapharadayimi noma imibono, ekwazi ukuqonda imibuzo emikhulu ebuzwe isintu selokhu yaqala.
Igatsha ngalinye lesayensi linezici zalo, nohlelo lwalo, okusho ukuthi lokhu kungahlukaniswa, yize ekugcineni, kusekelwe ezimisweni ezifanayo ukunquma ucwaningo lwabo.
Ama-Analytics
Ezindleleni eziyisisekelo zesayensi, ubunzima obukhulu bungabonakala, ngakho-ke lesi sici kumele sisetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngososayensi, ngoba ukuhlaziywa okukhulu kwezimo nezindawo ezibazungezile kuyadingeka ukuze bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukuhlaziywa kuchazwa njengokufundwa kwezimpawu noma izimfanelo zanoma yini, ukuhlukanisa kube izingxenye ukuze ube nokuqonda okungcono kokuthi kusebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke isayensi isebenzisa le mfanelo kukho konke ukuphenya kwayo, ngoba nemininingwane emincane yezitatimende eziyinkinga kumele yaziwe, ukuze kutholakale izixazululo ezingaba khona, kuze kube kufinyelela kukhonkolo omkhulu, ukuze ikwazi ukuyiqinisa.
Kuyiqiniso
Lapho usebenzisa ulwazi lwesayensi, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi lokhu kususelwa kwimininingwane enembile eye yaba nokuqinisekiswa okuthile noma inezimfanelo ezithile ezibakhomba njengeziyiqiniso.
Akufanele uqondiswe yimininingwane engaqinisekile, imibono noma ukuqagela, ngoba lokhu kungadala imiphumela emibi lapho usebenzisa indlela yesayensi, ngoba lokhu kungaba ngamanga.
Okukhethekile
Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuqukethwe okungaphenywa futhi kufundwe, isayensi inesidingo sokuhlukaniswa ngamagatsha ahlukene, okumele ososayensi bakhethe kuwo, ngaleyo ndlela bagxile endaweni eyodwa kuphela ukufeza imiphumela yocwaningo olungcono.
Phakathi kokukhethekile ongakuthola kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagatsha, kusukela ocwaningweni lokuphila, kuya ocwaningweni lwama-molecule akha lokho, lubanzi kakhulu ngenxa yemibuzo emikhulu evelayo futhi evele emicabangweni yesintu.
Generalist
Amaqiniso ashiya konke ubuchwepheshe besayensi ahlelwe ngendlela ejwayelekile, esebenza njengesibonelo sabo bonke, esebenza ngokubambisana yize iziqondiso zawo zisethwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Okwesimo
Ngesikhathi sokwenza ucwaningo, ososayensi kumele basebenzise indlela yokusebenza, ngoba lolu hlobo lomsebenzi, noma ngabe yiluphi igatsha olungaba khona, lufanele futhi ludinge ukuthi, kusetshenziswe izindlela ezifanele.
Le mfanelo ifaka phakathi indlela eshiwo ngenhla yesayensi, okungenye yemithetho esemqoka esebenza lapho kwenziwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesayensi.
Iyaqoqeka
Ukuze kukhiqizwe ithiyori, inqubo ethile kufanele ilandelwe, efana kakhulu nokwakhiwa kodonga, ukubeka isitini ngezitini ukuze kuqedwe.
Ulwazi ngalunye olusha olutholakala ocwaningweni oluthile luyahlanganiswa, bese kuthi zonke zisetshenziswe ndawonye njengocezu olulodwa lolwazi, ngaphakathi kwalokhu futhi ukuhlaziywa kuyangena, ngoba zonke izingcezu zihlukaniswe ingxenye ngengxenye ukuziqonda kangcono, bese zibekwa ndawonye ukwakha imibono yakho.
Okwesikhashana
Isayensi kumele ibe yesimo esiguqukayo, ngakho-ke asikho isitatimende okufanele sithathwe njengesitatimende sokugcina, ngoba kungahlala kukhona ushintsho ngenxa yokushoda kocwaningo noma ushintsho olubangelwa ukuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuqinisekile
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kusetshenziswa ulwazi lwesayensi, kufanele lithembeke futhi luqinisekiswe, ngocwaningo nangokuhlolwa okwazi ukuchaza njengeqiniso noma iyiphi idatha engatholwa.
Vula
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesayensi ukuthi akuvunyelwe ukudala izithiyo olwazini lwayo, yize kunamathuba okuthi ezinye izithiyo zizokwakhiwa, ngokuzayo zingaphulwa, ngenxa yesidingo esiqhubekayo sokuqonda ukusebenza isizathu sokuba yinoma iyiphi into noma into engaphakathi noma ngaphandle komhlaba.
Isibonelo esihle ukuthi izifundo zomhlaba wonke zithuthukiswe kanjani, ukuthi ezikhathini ezedlule, bekungaziwa ukuthi umhlaba ubungaba mkhulu kangangoba ube nesikhala ngemuva kwesibhakabhaka sasemhlabeni.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa zonke lezi zimfanelo, umuntu uzobe eqhubeka ngendlela efanele lapho esebenzisa indlela yesayensi kunoma yiluphi ucwaningo noma umsebenzi, ozoletha imiphumela emihle kakhulu kubo, ngenxa yokuthi ngalezi zimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu .
Isayensi yisifundo sayo yonke into ezungeze umuntu, futhi inqobo nje uma kunemibuzo yokuthi kanjani futhi ngani kwanoma yini, izoqhubeka nokuba khona izama ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphakanyisiwe.
Kuhle kakhulu ukukhumbula lezi zici ngoba emsebenzini wami ngihlala ngisebenzisa izindlela, ngizama ukuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa idatha noma imicimbi edlule.