Ubuntu buhlale bufuna ukwazi ngayo yonke into eyenzeka endaweni ezungezile futhi kusukela ekuqaleni komcabango, ukusebenza kwezinqubo ezenziwa nsuku zonke emvelweni yabantu kuye kwafundwa ngendlela ethile, kuze kube namuhla uyibiza kanjalo isayensi ngoba igama lisho ukutadisha nokuzama ukuqonda noma yini ngohlelo olwaziwa ngokuthi indlela yesayensi.
Inhloso enkulu yesayensi ukuthola izimpendulo kokungaziwa okuvela ngomphakathi nempilo iqhubeka, okusebenzela ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphila zabantu.
Ukuze wenze inqubo yesayensi lapho kwenziwa uphenyo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubuze imibuzo eminingana nemibuzo eyaziwa njengama-hypotheses emkhakheni wobungcweti, lapho kwenziwa umzamo wokubheka inkinga ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubuka ize ifinyelele inhloso ejwayelekile yokuthi Yisixazululo senkinga.
Isayensi inezici ezithile ezidingeka ngokweqile ukuze zikwazi ukuqhuba inqubo yesayensi efana nocwaningo, isibonelo, ngoba izindlela nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi unomphumela omuhle kososayensi, kungakhathalekile ukuthi bakumkhakha muni.
Isayensi iyiqiniso, iyinqubo, iyahlaziya, iyaqoqeka, ihlelekile, ivulekile, iyaqinisekiswa, ejwayelekile, yesikhashana, futhi ikhethekile. Zonke lezi zinto esesizibalile ngenhla ziyizimpawu ezisemqoka futhi okufanele uzinakekele uma usebenzisa isayensi kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Yini isayensi?
Isayensi iqoqo lezinhlelo zolwazi ezi-odiwe ezifuna ukutadisha, ukutolika nokuphenya izinto ezingase zenzeke ezindaweni ezehlukene zokuphila, ezinjengezenhlalo, ezemvelo nezokuzenzela.
I-Los Ososayensi yilabo bantu abasebenzisa indlela yesayensi ocwaningweni nasezifundweni zabo ukuze bahumushe futhi baxazulule izinkinga okwethulwa ngokusebenzisa imicabango ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga enkulu.
Kuthiwa okuwukuphela kwendlela umuntu angathola ngayo ulwazi lwesayensi ngukusebenzisa izivivinyo nokubheka ezindaweni ezithile eziqondile, okumele zihleleke futhi zihlelwe ngokuya ngemigomo yazo echazayo ngezindlela ezimbili kuphela, zethiyori noma okuchazayo. Ngemuva kokwenza lokhu okushiwo ngenhla, imicabango kanye nezitatimende zenkinga ziqala emibonweni eyehlukene ukuze kuqale ukuthi iyiphi indlela yesayensi enjalo.
Ngokusetshenziswa kwendlela yesayensi, kuye kwenziwa imithetho ehlukene nezinhlelo zesikimu ezenza isayensi ihluke kakhulu nalabo abayisebenzisayo, ososayensi.
Isayensi kuncike kakhulu ekucabangeni kwamaqiniso ngokuqagela okucatshangwayo kokuthi into noma isimo singathinta kanjani esinye ukuze kubhekwe yonke imiphumela engenzeka engabangelwa isenzo sanoma iyiphi into noma into ngesikhathi esithile, ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa komzimba okuvame ukwenziwa ekuphenyweni kwensimu ukuze kukwazi ukuphikisa ukuthi ngabe inkolelo noma umthetho kuyiqiniso noma kumane kuyinkolelo engenasisekelo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi
Isayensi yindlela yesimanjemanje yokubiza izifundo nocwaningo olwenziwe emikhakheni eyehlukene emibuzweni nasezimfihlakalweni umhlaba onazo, futhi lokhu kungabonakala uma umuntu ephenya okuncane emlandweni, egxile esikhathini sika-Aristotle. emi.
Ngalezo zikhathi zangaphambi kokuvuselelwa kabusha, ososayensi babaziwa ngegama elihluke kakhulu, okwakungabafilosofiUlwazi olungelona ubuchwepheshe noma ubuciko lwahlukaniswa njengefilosofi, okwakuwulwazi lomhlaba wonke ngoba lwaluthathwa njengokuphelele.
U-Aristotle wayengumlingiswa obaluleke kakhulu kulo mhlaba, futhi ngokwemigomo yakhe, ulwazi lungahlukaniswa lube ubuciko obuthathu, okuyinkolelo-mbono, i-praxis ne-poiesis.
- Umbono: kulapho iqiniso lifunwa maqondana nomqondo ngokugxila ekuwubekeni njengefomu noma njengento. Isayensi ebibandakanyeka kulolu hlobo lolwazi yilezo ezinolwazi lolwazi, njenge-metaphysics, mathematics, physics, phakathi kwabanye.
- Praxis: wulwazi olusebenzayo olusetshenziselwa ukuqondisa izimo zengqondo namaqiniso maqondana nokuziphatha komuntu okufanele, phakathi kwawo esingabona khona ezombusazwe, izimiso zokuhle, ezomnotho, phakathi kokunye
- Ama-Poiesis: ngaphezu kwakho konke ungabona ubuciko bezobuciko kulolu hlobo njengobuciko, umculo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwempahla ngezinto zokwakha.
Njengamanje, ukuhlukaniswa okulula futhi okujwayelekile kungabonakala kune- kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesayensi ngosayizi owodwa omkhulu onamandla okufaka kuwo amaningi akhona akhona, phakathi kwawo kukhona isayensi yezenhlalo, yemvelo nesemthethweni.
- Isayensi yezenhlalo: Isayensi yalesi sitayela igxila njengenhloso eyinhloko yocwaningo kubantu nakukho konke okuhlobene nendlela yabo yokuphila nentuthuko yabo.
- Isayensi Yemvelo: Kulokhu ifuna ukuphenya nokutadisha zonke izinto zemvelo noma ezingacatshangelwa kule nsimu, njengezakhi, izindawo, kanye nendawo.
- Isayensi ehlelekile: isayensi esemthethweni wuhlobo lokutadisha oluhluke ngokuphelele kunalolo olwedlule ngoba alunakho okuqukethwe okuthile ngoba akulona iqiniso futhi alunamqondo. Phakathi kwabo ungabona mathematics kanye logic.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isayensi ithathe amagama ahlukene emibonweni eyahlukene eshintshile ngokuya ngempucuko futhi ngenxa yalokho ukucabanga kwabantu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ushintsho olufanele luzoqhubeka ngokuzayo. ukuthi indlela esibona ngayo umhlaba namuhla izofana neyaseminyakeni engaba ngu-200.
Izici zesayensi
Isayensi inezici ezithile ezihlukile zayo, futhi kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi uma noma ngasiphi isikhathi ufuna ukwenza inqubo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yesayensi kufanelekile, futhi ayinayo noma inezici ezithile lapha bazokhonjiswa khona-ke umbono wokuthi isayensi iyasetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi esithile kufanele ulahlwe ngokuphelele.
Kunezici eziyishumi zesayensi ezichaza kahle, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu izifundo zesayensi zihlala:
Vula
Ezifundweni kuhlale kunezinguquko futhi zizohlala zikhona, yingakho isayensi izohlala ivulelekile ngokushintsha imingcele nemingcele yayo ngoba njengoba nje izwe lashintsha kusukela esikhathini sika-Aristotle kuze kube namuhla, lingakuguqula. Ukwenza okubili eminyakeni eyikhulu kusukela manje.
Kuqinisekisiwe
Indlela yesayensi ifuna kakhulu maqondana nokuqaliswa nokusebenza kwayo kunoma yimuphi umkhakha, kungalesi sizathu ukuthi kufanele kube nokuphambana ngokubonisa nangokuzama ukuze okuqukethwe kwesayensi kuqinisekiswe.
Iyaqoqeka
Imibono ifana nezindonga ezakhiwa kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule ngokutholakala kwezingcezu ezintsha ezihlangene njengoba kwenziwa izifundo ezintsha. Ayikho idatha eke yalahlwa kwisayensi, yingakho kuthiwa iyaqoqwa.
Okwesimo
Njengoba kwaziwa ngemuva kokufunda indatshana, ukusebenzisa isayensi kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi ngoba kungenxa yalolu setha lolwazi oluhlelekile ukuthi isayensi ingenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile nephelele, ngaphakathi kwalokho kungenzeka, ngoba isayensi isekelwe ikakhulu ekuzameni nasephutheni.
Kuyiqiniso
Lezi zinhlobo zezifundo zibonakala ngoba zihlala zisekelwe emaqinisweni abonakala ngemuva kophenyo noma ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ngoba ukube ibingabeka konke okushoyo emicabangweni elula, ibingasoze yafinyelela esiphethweni esihambisanayo.
Okukhethekile
Kunamagatsha amaningi esayensi afanele ukutadisha okuphakathi kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kudingeka ulwazi oluthile ngoba lungabamba okuqukethwe okuningi kangangokuba ukukufunda kabanzi kuba nzima kakhulu.
Okwesikhashana
Izitatimende ezenziwa ngemuva kophenyo akumele neze zithathwe njengomphumela wokugcina nobambekayo ngoba isayensi ingeyesikhashana, okusho ukuthi ihlala ivulekile ukushintsha.
Okuhlelekile
Izinhlelo zolwazi lwesayensi zonke zixhumene zakha njengesisekelo esihlangene sayo yonke into eqoqwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kusetha uhlelo kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlelwe uphenyo ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlaziya
Kucwaningo, kuvame ukubonwa izinkinga okunzima ukuziqonda, ngakho-ke ukuhlaziywa kufanele kusetshenziswe njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokukwazi ukusebenzisa indlela yesayensi.
Abajwayelekile
Ngemuva kokuphenywa kwezinkinga ngokwehlukana, kwenziwa uhlaka ngazo zonke izixazululo noma imicabango yokuqoqa yonke imininingwane ngendlela ehlelekile, kepha okubalulekile ngalokhu akuyona imininingwane enjalo, kodwa ukuyenza ibe yiphela ukuze kuqondwe yini ebangela inkinga.
Izici zesayensi yizakhi ezenza ucwaningo lwalolu hlobo lubhekwe njengezinqubo zesayensi, futhi njengoba kungabonakala, bayisakhiwo esijwayelekile sezinqubo okufanele zenziwe, ngoba uma ngabe enye yalezi zici ingalandelwa lapho kwenziwa inqubo yesayensi, umkhuba omuhle wezifundo ubungeke wenziwe.