Yazi ukuthi ziyini izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni nemiphumela yazo

Izidakamizwa yizinto ezingasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha (izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni) ukwelapha izifo noma ezokungcebeleka (izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, noma zingahluka ngokuya ngezwe) ngoba ingqondo nomzimba kuguquliwe. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni eziningi igama elithi "izidakamizwa" livame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisa ezintweni ezingekho emthethweni ezidliwa ngabantu ukuzijabulisa (kungaba ukuzijabulisa noma ukuzisebenzisa kabi) futhi okuvame ukuholela ekuthembekeni.

Thola ukuthi iziphi izidakamizwa zomthetho ezithandwa kakhulu

Ngalesi sikhathi sizokhuluma ngemithi engathengwa ngokusemthethweni kunoma yisiphi isitolo noma ibhizinisi, njenge i-nicotine, utshwala, ama-syrups okukhwehlela, phakathi kwabanye. Lapho sizochaza khona ukuthi ziyini, ziyini imiphumela yazo nolwazi olufanele ngazo.

UNicotina

Kuphakathi kwe- izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni ethandwa kakhulu, umlutha futhi kuyingozi emhlabeni. Ngokwezifundo ezahlukahlukene, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane babhema nsuku zonke (yize inani likwazile ukwehla cishe ngama-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nango-90) futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa babulawa unyaka nonyaka ngogwayi (umthombo oyinhloko we-nicotine, ngoba akulimazi kepha kungenye yezidakamizwa ezinamandla zomzimba nezingokwengqondo).

I-nicotine itholakala ku- osikilidi, ugwayi ohlafunwayo, ama-cigar, ama-hookah essence noma ku iziphuzo ze-vaper; lapho ngokuzama nje izikhathi ezimbalwa, umuntu angakha ngokushesha ukuncika entweni. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkulungwane zezindlela zokuyeka ukubhema futhi lokhu kwandisa amathuba okukwazi ukuyeka ukubhema (kufaka phakathi ukuthi kuyinkohliso ebizayo); yize iningi libuyela futhi esikhathini esithile empilweni yalo.

Imiphumela ye-nicotine, njengezinto eziningi, izoncika kumthamo osetshenzisiwe. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi, ibuye inciphise ukucasuka futhi ingathuthukisa inkumbulo. Ngokwengxenye yayo, imiphumela emibi yile elandelayo:

• Ukuncika ebangeni eliphakeme.
• Uma ukusetshenziswa kumisiwe, isifo sokuhoxiswa kungaba yiphupho elibi ngempela; okubandakanya izimpawu ezinjengokukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukozela, ukuphathwa ikhanda nezinkinga zokuhlushwa.

Utshwala

Lesi yisidakamizwa sokuqala esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, okuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza umuntu osisebenzisayo, sibeke nemvelo yabo engcupheni (izimo zodlame, ingozi yomgwaqo, phakathi kwabanye). Abantu abayisebenzisayo bangasheshe babekezeleleke, bafune utshwala obuningi ukuze badakwe. Lesi sidakamizwa silutha ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.

Phakathi kwe imiphumela yotshwala singathola umehluko ngokuya ngenani elifakiwe, njengakwezinye izikhathi. Uma idliwe ngamanani amancane, ingaveza injabulo, umuzwa nomuzwa wamandla amakhulu; ngenkathi ngezibalo eziningi, abantu ngabanye bavinjelwa emphakathini futhi bangathola imiphumela ye-antidepressant (esinye sezizathu esidala ukuncika entweni).

Kubhekwe ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile (esizokhuluma ngaso kwesinye isikhathi) inkinga yezempilo ejwayelekile ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba; okudala ngokweqile ukudala imiphumela emibi emzimbeni womuntu, njengezinkinga zokulala, ukulimala kwama-neuron noma kwenhliziyo, ukudangala (okuxakayo), izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngamanyikwe noma isibindi nokuphazamiseka okwehlukile.

Ama-opioid nama-opiates

Ziguqula noma ziguqule isimiso sezinzwa sabantu abasisebenzisayo, lapho izinto zivame ukusebenza njenge-analgesic kodwa futhi zibe neminye imiphumela yesithakazelo. Phakathi kwazo kunezidakamizwa eziningana ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni, njenge i-heroin, i-buprenorphine, i-methadone, i-papaverine, i-noscapine, i-thebaine, i-codeine ne-morphine. Ngamunye wabo unemiphumela ehlukene nobude obufanayo (yize buyafana).

Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuvame ukwelashwa ngokwesintu, ngoba ngokwesibonelo, kuvumela isiguli esinomdlavuza ongapheli ukuthi singahlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu obulethwa yilesi sifo. Noma kunjalo, bayingxenye ye- izidakamizwa ezisemthethweni eziluthayo, okungaholela esigulini sasemtholampilo ukuthi sisebenzise umuthi ngokweqile.

Inkinga enkulu ngama-opioid ukuthi ukubekezelelana nakho kuphezulu, okusho ukuthi isiguli singadinga umthamo ophakeme ukwelapha izimpawu abazivezayo; inkinga odokotela okufanele bayazi, njengoba abanye abantu kungenzeka ukuthi bakhulisa ukubekezelelana ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa.

Phakathi kwemiphumela yama-opioid nama-opiate esiwatholayo: ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukozela, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, nokudideka kwengqondo. Ngobuningi obukhulu kungadala izinkinga zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibhekele umvuzo noma ukwaneliseka; kanye nokuthi bangaba nezinkinga ngokuphefumula.

I-caffeine

Phakathi kwezidakamizwa zomthetho ezithandwa kakhulu sithola i-caffeine, evame ukudliwa ekhofi; yize kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ukuthole kwezinye iziphuzo ezifana netiyi noma ukudla okufana noshokoledi omnyama, phakathi kwabanye.

Imiphumela yekhofi ivame ukukhuthaza, yingakho abantu bephuza ikhofi ekuseni noma kusihlwa ukwandisa ukusebenza. Yize lolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa lungenza ukuncika entweni, okuthi ngaphandle kokulimaza ngamanani aphansi (ngisho nezifundo ezahlukahlukene zikhombisile ukuthi inenzuzo empilweni); uma isetshenziswe ngokweqile ingaletha izinkinga zempilo (ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha), njenge:

• Izinkinga ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla nolwamathumbu.
• Kunzima ukulala.
• Ukwesaba.

Ama-Anabolic steroids

Kuyinto a umuthi osemthethweni Phakathi kokudume kakhulu, zisetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukuphatha izinkinga ezinjengamazinga aphansi aphakathi nendawo we-testosterone noma ukwakha imisipha ezigulini ezinezifo ezinjenge-AIDS noma izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokungemthetho kwenziwa iningi labakhi bomzimba nabalandeli bokuguqula umzimba womuntu maqondana nosayizi wemisipha yabo; ngoba ihlose ukwakha isisindo esikhulu somzimba.

Imiphumela emibi yama-anabolics yehlukile, ngoba ukuhlukunyezwa kuveza ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo kalula, okudala ubudlova nokuhlaselwa okuphambene.

I-Benzodiazepines

Lezi zidakamizwa ezisemthethweni zine- ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezokwelapha, ngoba ngumuthi osetshenziselwa ukudambisa ukukhathazeka nezinye izifo ezingakukhiqiza. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa emithini eyaziwayo efana ne- I-Valium o I-Rivotril ngezinhloso zokwelapha, kepha lokhu kungadala kalula ukulutha ngenxa yokubekezelelana kwawo ngokushesha kanye nokuncika komzimba okubangelwa isenzo sezinto ezisemzimbeni womuntu.

Imiphumela yayo iyafana neyezinye izidakamizwa ezinjengotshwala, yize zinohlobo oluthile lokuthambisa ezingeni eliphakeme. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwayo kungaba nemiphumela emibi emzimbeni.

Iziphuzo ezinamandla

Ama-Energizers nawo athathwa njenge- izidakamizwa ezingatholakala ngokusemthethweni, ngoba ikhiqiza imiphumela evuselelayo emzimbeni futhi njengoba sibonile ekuqaleni, noma iyiphi into eguqula umzimba ibhekwa kanjalo.

Izinto ezigqame ku- iziphuzo zamandla bebeyi-caffeine esivele ibizwa ngegama futhi, i-taurine. Owokuqala kube nguyena obhekene kakhulu nokubangela ukulutheka noma ukuncika kanye nezinkinga zezempilo lapho kuxhashazwa ekusetshenzisweni (lezi ziphuzo zinezilinganiso eziphezulu ze-caffeine).

Okokugcina, ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezishiwo ngokuhlukumeza, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izithiyo zivame ukwenzeka lapho zihlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezifana notshwala, ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwakho kokubili kungaba yingozi.

Khwehlela ama-syrups

Isikhathi esithile manje (futhi manje sibonga kakhulu uhlobo lomculo Isicupho), ukusetshenziswa kwama-syrups okukhwehlela kube yimpumuzo kulabo abayimilutha abangakwazi ukuthola izidakamizwa ezinamandla. Kodwa-ke, namuhla abantu abaningi basebenzisa imithamo ephezulu yesiraphu ukufeza ukudakwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela bajabulele imiphumela ebakhiqizayo.

Phakathi kwamakhemikhali aziwa kakhulu kukhona ikhodi ne-DMX, bobabili bebejwayele ukucindezela ukukhwehlela okomile, kepha njengoba sishilo, kungaguqula umzimba ngemithamo ephezulu (okulula ukuyithola ngokuthenga ibhodlela).

• ICodeine iyingxenye yezinto ezikhishwe ku-opium, okungukuthi, iyingxenye yama-opioid. Ikhiqiza imiphumela yokuthambisa neyokubulala izinhlungu. Kwamanye amazwe kuyenzeka ukuthi uyithole ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, yize muva nje seyiqinile kakhulu.
• I-DMX ngokwengxenye yayo iyi-opioid, edala ukudakwa okufana nalokho kwensangu notshwala, imiphumela evuselelayo futhi ngemithamo ephezulu kungaba yi-dissociative kakhulu, okungukuthi, efana ne-hallucinogen.

Zombili lezi zidakamizwa ezisemthethweni ezingathengwa emakhemisi anezinketho ezahlukahlukene, ngoba azitholakali kwezinye kuphela isiraphu yokukhwehlela, Zitholakala nakuma-lozenges abandayo.

Imiphumela emibi yezinto ivamise ukungaboni kahle, izinkinga ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, izinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezingahlala isikhathi esihlukile kuye ngokuthi umthamo ungenisiwe futhi ngemithamo ephezulu kungabonisa ukuqubuka kwengqondo noma kubangele ukulimala kobuchopho (uma kusebenza njalo) .

Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu okuthunyelwe okunemithi yezomthetho ethandwa kakhulu kanye nencazelo emfushane yezici zabo bekuthanda kakhulu. Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo, ungakhohlwa ukusibhala ebhokisini lokuphawula.