Kuyaziwa ngemithi yokwenziwa njenganoma imuphi umkhiqizo osetshenziswa yiwor amakhemikhali, Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezingatholwa noma zikhiqizwe ngokusobala ngemvelaphi yemvelo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi yizidakamizwa eziningi ezikhona eziguqulwa ngokuguqula ukwakheka kwazo kwamakhemikhali.
Kungabhekisa nakwezinye izinto ezinamagama ezigaqele omzimba ahlukile kunalezo zendabuko ezinomthelela onamandla, ukuthi ukusabela kwazo kuncike emzimbeni womuntu futhi okufana nezidakamizwa ezivamile nezingekho emthethweni.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imishanguzo yokwenziwa ivame ukuba cuphawu ngokuthengiswa ngasese hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokwehliswa komthetho kodwa futhi nokugwema imithetho ebekwe ezidakamizweni ezithathwa njengezidakamizwa ngenxa yemiphumela yazo yokusebenza kwengqondo edinga ukuthi kutholakale incwadi kadokotela.
Uyazi ukuthi yini umphumela we-psychoactive? Akuyona into ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhiqizwa izinto ezithile ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS), okudala ushintsho oluthile emisebenzini yalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imiphumela ye-psychoactive nayo ithola imiphumela yengqondo, equkethe isethi yemizwa, imibono, imizwa eyenzeka kumuntu ongaphansi kwemiphumela yento ethinta ingqondo.
Ziyini izidakamizwa zokwenziwa?
Ama-cannabinoids okwenziwa
Lokhu empeleni kuyikhophi yensangu, empeleni, igama lalo lisho ukuthi 'lifana' nayo futhi njengoba likhiqiza okufanayo nalokhu okushiwo imbiza, yize ingenazo izingxenye ezifanayo zamangqamuzana noma ifana.
Ngomunye wemithi yokwenziwa evame ukwenziwa ngamakhemikhali awuketshezi futhi afuthwe ochungechungeni lwamakhambi abese ebhema sengathi yinsangu. Isitshalo esivame ukusetshenziswa yiLa Damiana, Futhi iqukethe ngokwemvelo isidakamizwa esikhuthazayo esikhiqiza injabulo.
Ngokwezitatimende zalabo abake bayisebenzisa, iphinda kabili imiphumela yalokho insangu ekwaziyo ukuyibangela; ukuqala ngokuphendula okuhamba kancane okwandisa amandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi, ukuqubuka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo (tachycardia), ukudideka, isiyezi, isicanucanu kubhaliwe. Futhi kubikwe namacala lapho umuntu eletha ubuhlungu besifuba ngokulimala kwenhliziyo neminye imiphumela enamandla.
Imodi yokusabalalisa ikhethekile impela, ngoba zivame ukuthengiswa emaphaketheni we-aluminium foil Babizwa noma babizwa ngeK2, K3 Legal, Spice, Spice Gold, Diesel, King Kong, Cloud 9 (Cloud 9). Eqinisweni, kwezinye izimo itholakale ngaphansi kwegama lempepho.
Leli khambi liyaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuqanjwa kwamagama okubandakanya izinhlamvu nezinombolo:
I-JWH-018, JWH-073, JWH-370
I-HU-210
I-CP 47.497
I-AM-1248
I-XLR-11
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama elithi JWH libhekisela egameni likaJohn W. Huffman, usokhemisi owenza ucwaningo olunhlobonhlobo olubalulekile, kufaka phakathi ukuzama ukuthola imishanguzo yabantu abane-multiple sclerosis noma i-AIDS.
Opio
I-opium yinhlangano yezinto noma izakhi zikhishwa kuma-capsules wangempela we-poppy (okuyisitshalo se-herbaceous) lapho kulindwe khona izidakamizwa nezidakamizwa ezibulala izinhlungu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-morphine namanye ama-alkaloid.
Umphumela wayo uqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokunethezeka okuncane okwandayo kuze kube yilapho ukozela futhi kukhuphule amandla emizweni kuwo wonke umzimba wokulunywa, ukuhayiza kuze kube yilapho noma yibuphi ubuhlungu bunyamalala (uma kungenzeka bube nawo), bukhulisa ukuqonda okuthintekayo.
Lesi sitshalo simhlophe, nsomi futhi / noma i-fuchsia futhi ubukhulu baso buyahlukahluka, bukwazi ukukhula kuze kube imitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubuyela emuva eminyakeni, lapho amaGrikhi ayisebenzisa njengomuthi kanye nemidlalo. Lokhu kwakudliwa ngemijovo noma ngesitshalo esiluhlaza uma kufikwa ebuhlungwini bamazinyo, imfiva, ukulala izingane noma njengesifo sokudambisa uhudo.
Ukulungiswa kwe-opium kuqala ngokusikeka ekhanda - noma okuluhlaza okotshani - kwesitshalo lapho imbali ingenamaqabunga, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwezinsuku amacembe esewile ezimbalini. Ukusikeka kubangela ukuthi umuntu ophilayo aqale ukuveza i-latex emhlophe futhi enebisi, okuthi ekomeni iphenduke i-resin enamathele ensundu.
Futhi i-resin enjalo iyasuswa emakhanda ngaleyo ndlela kutholakale i-opium eyiqiniso futhi emsulwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, uma kuvunyelwa ukuba kome isikhathi eside, kuphenduka itshe elimnyama nelinamakhristali amaningi ngenkathi ilahlekelwa amanzi futhi igxila kuma-alkaloid.
I-opium inezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ukubhema kuyinto ejwayelekile kakhulu, okokuqala kudlula inqubo lapho ihlanjululwa khona emanzini, ifudunyezwe ngokushisa okuphansi bese ihlungwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, iyashiswa futhi kuze kube yilapho amanzi ehwamuka, kusale umkhiqizo olungiselelwe - onamandla amakhulu we-morphine - olungele ukubhema.
- Abanye bakhetha ukushisa ummese bese bewunamathisela etsheni le-opium ukuze bahogele yonke intuthu ngofele. Abanye baya endaweni ejwayelekile yepayipi, kepha lokhu kufanele kube isifungo sensimbi ukuze umkhiqizo ufike emathunjini. Kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa ucwecwe lwe-aluminium.
- Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukulungiselela ama-cigar nge-opium ngoba ilahlekelwa ukusebenza ngokungafinyeleli ezingeni lokushisa elifanele.
- Kungenzeka futhi ukuwungenisa futhi ngale ndlela kuthinta okungaphezu kokuwubhema. Uma kudliwe ngomlomo, imiphumela ingathatha cishe isigamu sehora kuya emahoreni amabili ukuqala; ukuphatha ukuhlala kusuka emahoreni ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nane.
- Ekugcineni, enye yezindlela ezisebenzisekayo zokudla esinye sezidakamizwa ezindala kakhulu zokwenziwa, kungukufakwa okumenyezelwe okubizwa nangokuthi i-tisane futhi kulungiswa ngokuchoboza isitshalo esomisiwe.
I-Ketamine
Ingenye yezidakamizwa zokwenziwa, ekuqaleni ezazikhona isetshenziswe njengomuthi wokuthula kubantu ize ivinjelwe ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emibi -kucatshangelwe ukuthi ayimnandi-, lapho kwenzeka khona ukubona izinto ezingekho kanye nokuyaluza. Lapho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo bekuvame ukwenziwa kuphela ezilwaneni.
Inezethulo eziningana, okungukuthi, itholakala kwifomu eliketshezi, lephilisi noma lempuphu, elinikeza nezindlela zokusebenzisa eziningana ezibandakanya ukuthi kungenzeka kubhenwe, kuhogelwe noma kufakwe; ukusebenzisa kokubili emthanjeni nasesisicwini.
Uma ishunqisiwe ivamise ukuxubaniswa namakhambi futhi ngendlela yayo engamanzi nayo ivame ukwethulwa ngamaconsi, ivumele ukuthi isetshenziswe ngqo emehlweni, esikhumbeni noma esiphuzweni.
Kungumkhiqizo onomphumela wokuthamba, ukuhlukaniswa, okungukuthi, ukunqanyulwa kokuzazi kanye nemicabango yethu, kanye nemibono.
Isatshalaliswa emaphilisi amhlophe, impuphu emhlophe noma amabhodlela ketshezi ngomjovo, ngaphansi kwegama likaVitamin K, Special K, Super K, Kit Kat, Jet, K, Lady K, Super Acid (noma), Cat Valium.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi enye yezindlela ezilula zokuyithola kungokweba ezikhungweni zezilwane.
Ama-hallucinogens
Lokhu, impela ubusuvele ubazi, yizinhlobonhlobo zemithi yokwenziwa ebonakala ngokushintsha imibono yeqiniso kusuka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengokubuka, ukuzwa, ukuthinta, ukuzwela nokunye.
Imiphumela inamandla amakhulu futhi iyahluka ngokuya ngenani lomthamo osetshenzisiwe, kanye nemvelo okuyo. Izinguquko ezisheshayo nezinamandla ezingokomzwelo zivame ukubonakaliswa. Uma imizwa ingemihle, ingadala ukudideka kwengqondo, ukulahleka kwememori noma ukudideka kumuntu, esikhaleni nangesikhathi.
Ama-hallucinogens ayimpawu yokwehluka kwezinye izidakamizwa zokwenziwa ezivamile. Lokhu kuveza ukusabela kwabo ngokuphazamisa ukuxhumana kwamaseli ezinzwa ne-neurotransmitter serotonin. Futhi uhlelo lwe-serotonin lunamandla amaningi ekulawuleni indlela yokuziphatha, ukuqonda kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula, ngaphandle kokushiya imizwa, indlala, ukushisa komzimba, ukuziphatha ngokocansi, ukulawula imisipha nokubona kwezinzwa; Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwabiwa kuphethe ubuchopho nomgogodla.
Amanye ama-hallucinogens, ngaphambi kokufinyelela kwinqubo echazwe endimeni edlule, alahlekelwa yizinto ze-molecule yawo. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu yisimo se-psilocybin, esitholakala kwisikhunta sohlobo lwe-psilocybe. Uma isingaphakathi komzimba womuntu ilahlekelwa yi-phosphorus radical futhi lokhu kuholele ekutheni ibe yi-psilocin, okuthi ngokwezifundo mhlawumbe iyona nto ekhipha izindlela ezisezinhlelweni zezinzwa.
Phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kukhona i-LSD, i-psilocybin mushroom, i-ayahuasca, i-mescaline etholakala ku-peyote, ne-cacti evela emndenini we-Trichocereus, nabanye.
Esinye isici sale mithi yokwenziwa ukuthi lapho isici esingesihle, ukwehla kwemizwelo, ukwesaba nokunye okunjalo kutholwa yimiphumela, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'uhambo olubi'. Ngenxa yamandla okuphendula, ukuba ngaphansi kwalokhu okubangelwa yilezi zidakamizwa akukhona ukuba phansi kodwa emoyeni, ukuhamba.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunabantu abathi babone ukubona izithombe, ukuzwa izinto futhi ngokujwayelekile, behlangabezana nezinto ezingaphezu kokuzwela ngokomzwelo.
Ziyizidakamizwa eziphikisanayo ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuhlotshaniswa nemikhuba yenkolo eholela ekugxilweni kokuzindla nokuxhumana nawe noma nokhokho bakho (umkhuba owenziwa ngabantu bomdabu ngesiphuzo se-ayahuasca). Okwalokho okubizwa nangokuthi yimithi yokubuka, evula ingqondo yakho, evusa umcabango, imibono futhi mhlawumbe kungasiza ekwenzeni ukubonwa okunikela ngezinto ezinhle kuzinguquko oziphakamisayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokuzilibazisa nokusebenzisa ngokweqile, kudala umonakalo omkhulu, ukwazi ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ngumqondo womuntu, ngaphandle kwethemba lokubuya. Ngakho-ke iyaqhubeka nokumelela ingozi. Ngaphezu kokuba yimbangela yezehlakalo lapho abantu abathile bengazi ukuthi benzani noma balahlekile / bashintshe umbono walokho abakucabangayo ngezinto ezingalungile.
Ama-phenethylamines
Lezi yizikhuthazi ezisuselwa kulokho okushiwo ngaphambili, okungukuthi, kusuka kuma-hallucinogens. Futhi kulokhu kunezinto ezahlukahlukene ezizimele noma ezaziwayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
I-ecstasy
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-MDMA noma i-molly, ingesinye sezidakamizwa esithandwa kakhulu hhayi leli qembu kuphela kepha ngokujwayelekile, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphezulu ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa njengamakhonsathi, imidlalo, amaqembu, amakilabhu omculo, phakathi kwabanye. Njengama-hallucinogens, lokhu futhi kunamandla okuguqula umbono womuntu, kuphela, kugxile kokuzwwayo, okubukwayo kanye neqhinga, okungukuthi, kuthuthukisa umbono omncane womculo namalambu, yingakho kudliwa ezindaweni zama-nightclub.
Ngokuqondene nokuthinta, ukusabela kungukuzwela kwesikhumba, ukuzwa usondelene nabanye abantu futhi ube nothando olukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ineminye imiphumela yokuthi, ngenxa yokukhuthaza okukhulu, yandisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, yenyuse izinga lokushisa komzimba futhi iqale ukuthola ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka, i-paranoia, phakathi kokunye okwenza umuntu angalawulwa futhi angaba yingozi ngokungayi noma aphendule kahle isimo sethulwe.
Omunye umphumela ongathi sína ngukuthi kubangela ukomisa amanzi emzimbeni futhi abantu abaningi bafe ngenxa yemisebenzi exakeke kakhulu ukuthi ishisa kakhulu futhi ikhathele.
Lapho umphumela uqala ukuphela, amajaqamba noma ukuvevezela kuyenzeka emisipheni, ikakhulukazi ebusweni. Lo muthi uvame ukuthengiswa ngamaphilisi ajwayele ukugxivizwa noma abe nohlelo 'olujabulisayo' futhi ahlanganiswe emabhokisini noma ngawodwana.
Ama-tryptamines
Futhi ziyizidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic futhi imiphumela yazo ifana kakhulu naleyo ye-psilocybin, okungamakhowe omlingo esiwaqhakambisile ezigabeni ezedlule. Umphumela ubonakala ngokuhlanekezela isikhathi, umsindo nokubonwa; futhi kuvame ukudala isimo esedlulele futhi esikude kakhulu nesazi noma isizathu esizwakalayo sokuthi kungani umuntu esengozini enkulu yokwenza izinto eziyingozi nezingenakulungiseka ngokungazi kanye / noma nokukwazi ukucabanga kahle ngaphambili. Futhi ukusetshenziswa ngamanani aphezulu kungadala i-amnesia yesikhashana.
Phakathi kweminye imiphumela engemihle nemibi, ukungabi nakuphumula, ukucinana kwemisipha kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi ukwazi ukuphula izicubu zemisipha; ukudideka, ukukhathazeka kanye nesicanucanu.
Izakhi zalo zamangqamuzana zihlukahlukene, ayikho iresiphi ethile, yilezi:
I-Alpha-O (5-MeO-DMT)
I-Foxy-methoxy (5-MeO-DPT)
I-AMT (Alpha-methyltryptamine)
5-HTP. 52
Futhi athengiswa ngama-powders esikhwameni esisobala esinelebula noma ngaphansi kwegama "amakhemikhali ocwaningo."
I-Piperazine kanye nokuphuma kwayo
Futhi kuyizikhuthazi ezaqala njengama-anti-depressants, kuze kube yilapho imiphumela yabo ithathwa njengembi kubantu; bese ukwakhiwa kwayo kwezebhizinisi noma ifomula yamangqamuzana kwayekwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ahlanganiswe nama-amphetamine, ne-cocaine, ne-ketamine noma ne-ecstasy; ezophinda kabili imiphumela yayo.
Lawa athengiswa ngefomu lephilisi okuvame kakhulu emicimbini futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwe sengathi yimikhiqizo yamakhambi / yokwelapha, kepha akunjalo. Enye yezindlela zayo zokusatshalaliswa kunosawoti bokugeza, impuphu emhlophe noma elula kakhulu efakwe ebhodleleni noma emasakeni.
Futhi akuyona eyodwa, zingahluka futhi imiphumela yazo izoncika kulokhu, noma ngabe ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo kubangela ukusabela ngokujwayelekile njengokukhathazeka, ukungathandi ukudla, ikhanda, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, ukudideka, ukugodola, ukwethuka, ukukhubazeka ukulawula, ukuzwela okuphezulu kokubuka (amalambu) nomsindo (umsindo), amakhaza, phakathi kwabanye. Ukwehluka kwawo esakhiweni samangqamuzana kuningana futhi lapha sigqamisa u-3:
- I-BZP (1-Benzylpiperazine) - enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu kulesi sigaba semithi yokwenziwa. Bayibiza futhi ngokuthi i-Legal X, PeP X noma i-A2.
- Umuthi ofanayo obizwa nge-mCPP, otholwe uqukethe isithako esengeziwe esenza ukuthi ungabi semthethweni engxenyeni yohlu lwezidakamizwa emakethe yase-Europe.
- I-TFMPP iyi-1- (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) piperazine.
I-Empatogen-entactogen
Ziyizigaba ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezisebenza ngengqondo ezibonakala ngokudala imiphumela efanayo yezenhlalo neyemizwa ebanga i-mdma / ecstasy. Esinye isici esivelayo ukuthi ukusabela kwabo kuphambene ngokuphelele nalokho okubangelwa yilokho okubangelwa yi-methamphetamine ne-amphetamine, noma leyo yezidakamizwa eziyinhloko ze-psychedelic njenge-LSD noma i-psilocybin.
Lokhu kusabela kuvamise ukuxhumaniswa nemizwa nemizwa ehlobene nothando, uzwela nothando nabanye abantu, kubasondeza ngokomzwelo.
Kungumuthi okungekho lwazi oluningi ngaphandle kwezitatimende zalabo abawudlile kanye nemibono embalwa ebanquma noma ebahlukanisa emaqenjini athile.
Izidakamizwa zemithi ezinemiphumela yamakhemikhali
Lesi yisimo esisha ekwakhiweni kwezidakamizwa zokwenziwa, ngoba zenziwe ngokukhethekile ngesisekelo semifino kepha ukusabela kwazo kunamandla noma kufana nokwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonakala ngezindleko zabo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabo.
Phakathi kwaleli qembu kukhona:
I-Kratom: Lo mkhiqizo umayelana nomuthi okhishwe emaqabungeni esihlahla eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Afrika futhi ngemithamo emincane, uvame ukusebenza njengesikhuthazi, kepha lapho umthamo uphezulu, ukuphendula kwawo kuqala ukufana nokuthambisa.
Enye yezinto noma iqiniso elinqatshelwe ukuthi isidakamizwa esisemthethweni kepha siyabuzwa ngoba singaba umlutha omkhulu.
USalvia Divinorum: Yenziwe ngesitshalo somdabu saseMexico esiqukethe i-hallucinogen enamandla ezindaweni zayo. Futhi yize imiphumela ingeyesikhashana esifushane, ingaba nkulu noma ibe namandla kakhulu, engagcina ngokuba, ngokwesibonelo, inodlame kakhulu.
Njengezidakamizwa ezinamandla zokwenziwa ezifana ne-lsd, lokhu kuvame ukubhenywa ngumuntu oyedwa enkampanini yomunye ozobheka futhi anakekele umsebenzisi, ngoba kuvame kakhulu noma kunamathuba amaningi okuthi kuzoba nesikhathi esifushane okuyiyona ene-mania enamandla noma i-psychosis.
Khat: isitshalo somdabu saseMpumalanga Afrika futhi ukusetshenziswa kwaso ngomlomo, okusho ukuthi, amaqabunga ayahlafunwa ukuze afeze imiphumela yawo evuselelayo. Kulo mkhiqizo wemvelo kukhona into enamakhemikhali iCatinone, okuyiyona imbangela enkulu futhi etholakala kulawo maqabunga.
Iqiniso elifuna ukwazi nelibalulekile ukuthi eminye yemithi yokwenziwa eyingozi kakhulu esebenzayo emakethe, yenzelwa ukuthi ifane noma ilingane nale nto.
Ama-Anabolic steroids
Lokhu kungumkhiqizo we-steroid osuselwa ku-testosterone futhi inhloso yawo enkulu ukunciphisa amakhemikhali imiphumela ye-androgenic ne-virilizing, okwenza ukuthi ukwanda kwezenzo ze-anabolic.
Ukuba khona kwemiphumela engemihle kuhlobene kakhulu nokwakheka kwama-metabolites akhiqizwa ngesikhathi lapho kuguqulwa okuthinta i-testosterone ye-plasma. Elinye iqiniso elinqatshelwayo, elibalulekile ukwengeza ukuthi ngaphezu kwalokhu, ama-anabolic androgens, aziwa nangokuthi "ama-steroids", abangela imiphumela emibi emandleni ezocansi amadoda, phakathi kwawo okuguqulwayo okubangela ukwakheka kwe-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ne-estrogens.
Ingesinye sezidakamizwa zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kubasubathi; ngoba, uma ngesikhathi sokudla unokudla okudliwayo okunama-kilojoule amaningi namaprotheni, omunye wemiphumela yawo emikhulu ukwenyuka okusheshayo kwesisindo somzimba namandla, kodwa ngendlela emangalisayo nehaba.
Le miphumela emihle yiyo evame ukudala ukuluthwa, kepha umthamo wayo omkhulu unemiphumela ebucayi yezengqondo efaka ukuguquguquka kwemizwelo, isimilo esingenangqondo, ukwanda kolaka ("ulaka lwe-steroid"), ukucasuka, ukudana kwengqondo nokuncika.
Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile
Kubonakala ngokuba yisidakamizwa "sezocansi", futhi esinamandla kakhulu emkhakheni waso ngenxa yezinga lokuncika elikwazi ukulibangela kumuntu ngamunye.
Ayisetshenziswanga kahle kuphela kulabo abahlushwa yilesi simo, kepha futhi nokwandisa amandla ezocansi noma ukwenza ukwakhiwa kuhlale isikhathi eside kunalokho okufanele ukwenze isikhathi sokuya ocansini.
Phakathi kwemikhiqizo ethandwa kakhulu i-viagra, i-cialis ne-levitra, ziyefana, kepha ezinye zandisa umphumela ukwedlula ezinye; okuyingozi ngokuphelele ngoba kungaholela ekuthambekeleni phambili, okuyindlela yokwakha isikhathi eside noma sekupheleni kwesenzo socansi.
Yize lezi zidakamizwa ezimbili zokugcina zingeyona i-hallucinogenic, futhi azibangeli ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngokwengqondo, ziyakwenza lokho ngokomzimba futhi zilutha futhi zithembele ngokulinganayo.