Iplanethi yethu enhle iyiqoqo lezimangaliso, kungaba ezokwakha, ezasendulo nezanamuhla, noma ezemvelo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kukholakala kanjani ukuthi umhlaba ubunjwe ngendlela esiyazi ngayo namuhla, akungabazeki ukuthi leplanethi inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu, ezingalethi injabulo kuphela emehlweni kaquqaba, kepha futhi zibalulekile impilo yansuku zonke yezinhlobo zethu.
Izinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlala kulezi zifunda, noma ngabe zivela embusweni wezilwane noma wezitshalo, kanye nezinambuzane eziningi, zifeza imisebenzi ebesingenakuba ngaphandle kwayo.
Uma sikhuluma ngalokhu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu yikho kanye okwenza izifunda zemvelo ziklanywe, zigcinwe futhi zivikelwe emhlabeni wonke.
Esikhathini esibonakala sihamba ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi lapho kubonakala sengathi nsuku zonke imvelo eningi kumele ilahleke ngenhloso yokusinda komuntu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina lezi zifunda. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizofunda okwengeziwe ngezifunda lapho kugcinwa khona imvelo, ukuthi singasiza kanjani ukuyigcina nezinye izinto ezimbalwa. Sekuyisikhathi sokuletha inkantini yakho nojosaka bakho bokuhamba, ngoba sizoya ohambweni lwemvelo.
Ziyini lezi zifunda?
Izifunda zemvelo ziqondwa njengezikhala zomzimba nezendawo, ezihlukaniswe izimo nezici zazo ezifanayo, njengezimbali, izilwane, isimo sezulu, phakathi kokunye. Ngale ndlela sinemibono ehlukahlukene, njengezindawo zesimo sezulu, i-hydrographic, i-edaphic, i-phytogeographic, phakathi kwezinye eziningi ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke nangokubona kwezwe abakulo.
Uma sikhuluma ngejografi, izifunda zemvelo zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, endabeni yezici ezahlukahlukene njengokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, inhlabathi, ukukhululeka, indawo okuyo phakathi kokunye. Izwe ngalinye noma isifunda singaba nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zifunda, ezihlukanisa indawo yazo ngezici zazo zezulu.
Lapho isifunda semvelo sinqunyelwe umkhawulo, futhi ikakhulu uma sinwetshiwe, esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele sizithathe, futhi ngaphezulu kulesi sikhathi sethu, ukugcina ukugcinwa kwaso. Isenzo esilula sokusiza ukugcina indawo yemvelo edolobheni, esifundazweni noma ezweni lethu, singenza okuningi okuhle emvelweni esizithola sikuyo.
Ochwepheshe bezemvelo, kanye nezazi zemvelo bezikuthakasele kakhulu ukulondolozwa kanye nokuqondwa kwalezi zindawo, futhi nsuku zonke kukuncane okuqondakalayo ngokubaluleka kwalezi zifunda, noma ngabe kancane kancane ziyawohloka, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi kumele zinakekelwe. Masikhumbule futhi ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngezifunda zemvelo, asinalo uhlobo olulodwa kuphela olwaziwayo, kepha kungahle kube nezindawo ezahlukahlukene lapho zikhona, futhi eziningana zinganqunywa ngaphakathi kwezinye.
Kusho ukuthi izifunda zemvelo zenzeka kuphi
Lapho sikhuluma ngalezi zifunda, asibhekiseli kuphela kwesinye esingaba khona endaweni ethile nangesikhathi esithile, kepha kungahle kube khona eziningana zazo ezisondelene kakhulu, noma ezinye ngaphakathi kwezinye, okuyisimo yemvelo yasemanzini evame ukuba ngaphakathi kwendawo yemvelo futhi. Lezi zifunda zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezine zemidiya yezwe, okungukuthi:
- Imvelo yasemanzini: Ihambisana nezilwandle, izilwandle, imifula, amachibi, amachibi nemifudlana. Iyaziwa ngokuba yindawo ebanzi ngobuningi nokuhlukahluka kwezilwane ezitholakalayo..
- Imvelo yasemhlabeni: Yizinkambu, amathafa, izigodi nezinye izindawo eziningi, lapho izimbali zingahlala khona nenkululeko enkulu; Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuba khona futhi inakekelwe, nezilwane ezikhona zicebile futhi zehlukene.
- Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba: Kubonakala ngokuba ngaphansi komhlaba nasemadwaleni. Yize singeke sikubone, lokhu futhi kuyindawo yemvelo, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlala kuyo, njengezimvukuzane nezintuthwane. Izimbali ezikhula kule ndlela zibonakala ngokungabi nayo i-chlorophyll.
- Okuphakathi komzimba: Yiso esitholakala ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi sihambisana nezilwanyana ezincane, njengamagciwane, izimuncagazi nezinye. Futhi banokuhlukahluka okukhulu, kepha hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo encishisiwe.
Izinhlobo zezifunda
Lapho sikhuluma ngezifunda zemvelo, singaziqonda futhi sizihlukanise ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuya ngezinto ezibalulwe ngenhla. Lokhu kwehlukene, kepha singaziqoqa ngokwenelisayo ngaphandle kwesidingo somzamo omkhulu.
- Izifunda ze-Orographic: I-Orographic ibizwa ngalezo zifunda ezinqunywa ngosizo olukhulu. Ngokusho kokukhululeka kwayo singathola okulandelayo:
- Izifunda zezintaba: Lezi zifunda zezintaba nesimo sezulu esibandayo zitholakala ezindaweni ezifana nesifunda sase-Andes, i-Alps, i-Himalaya, iCaucasus, phakathi kwezinye.
- Izifunda ezingenalutho: njengoba igama lalo lisho, zingamazwe acabalele futhi aluhlaza, avulekile futhi agcwele impilo. Zihambisana neGreat Plains yase-United States, iLos Llanos eVenezuela neColombia, iLa Pampa e-Argentina, ithafa lasePannonia eHungary, phakathi kwabanye.
- Izifunda ze-Plateau: Ihambisana nezifunda ezinamadwala futhi kwezinye izimo zogwadule, lapho ungaboni khona izimbali eziningi kakhulu nezilwane ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Siyasibona lesi sifunda eVenezuela Guiana, e-Andes Highlands, Central Table eMexico, phakathi kwezinye.
- Izifunda zase-Hill: Njengoba igama lalo likhombisa, kulezi zifunda indawo ephezulu kanye nokukhuliswa kwezwe kudlangile. IMidlands eNgilandi, iBelgian Ardennes, iFrance Vosges, phakathi kwabanye.
- Izifunda zesimo sezulu: Lezi zifunda zihlukaniswa ngokomsebenzi wesimo sendawo. Singayithola emazweni amaningi abelana ngamasayithi anezindawo ezipholile, ezishisayo, ezinomswakama, ezineqhwa, phakathi kwabanye. Ezinye zazo kungaba:
- Indawo yezindawo ezishisayo: Itholakala phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezishisayo, futhi ibonakala ngoba isimo sezulu sayo sifudumele futhi asinamathambo (sinokuhluka okuncane kokushisa unyaka wonke).
- Izindawo ezipholileIsimo sezulu, njengoba negama laso lisho, sipholile, futhi kuvame ukuba nezimila ezivumelana kahle nalezi zimo zezulu; izinhlobo zalezi zimo zezulu zivame ukuba namajazi azivumela ukuthi zithole ukushisa okudingekayo.
- Izindawo ezibandayo: Zibanda kunazo zonke, futhi kuzo kukhona uhlaza oluncane noma alunazo nhlobo, njengoba zivame ukuba sezingeni lokushisa okungaphansi kuka-zero. Kule ndawo, izinhlobo ezinezinwele, izimpaphe noma amanoni azivumela ukuthi zigcine imizimba yazo kushisa zingaphila, ngaphezu kwamagciwane kanye nezilwanyana ezincane ezingahlala eqhweni.
- Izifunda ze-Phytogeographic: Lokhu kubheka ubukhulu bezinhlobo zezitshalo endaweni.
- Amahlathi eConiferousZitholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile esinemvula unyaka wonke. Zihambisana nengxenye enkulu yezifunda zezintaba.
- Ihlathi lezintaba: Kuyisici sezindawo ezishisayo ehlobo namakhaza ebusika. Inotshani obuluhlaza kakhulu nezihlahla.
- Khuhla: Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesicishe sibe yihlane; Inezitshalo ezincane ezinezimpande ezijule kakhulu nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinyoka nama-arachnids kugcwele.
- ishidi lombhede: Lezi zindawo zinikezwa izindawo ezipholile ezinezimvula zasehlobo. Izimila zingutshani kuze kufike lapho iso libona khona futhi nezihlahla nezihlahlana. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezaziwayo, njengezinkomo namahhashi.
- Isifunda sasolwandle: Lokhu kuvamile ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nenhlabathi enesihlabathi. Kunezitshalo eziningi zasolwandle nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, ama-mollusk nama-cephalopods.
Masizivikele lezi zindawo
Izifunda zemvelo zibalulekile empilweni njengoba sazi, ngoba izinhlobo ezisondlayo, zisisiza futhi zisinika umoya-mpilo ohlala kuzo. Kubalulekile ukuthi sizazi lezi zinto ukuze singathathwa ngukuthula futhi sivumele ubuhle baso buphele. Kumele sizinakekele lezi zindawo ngokuzikhandla kwethu okukhulu, ukuze ziqhubeke, esikhathini esizayo, zibe yingxenye yezimpilo zethu nasemhlabeni wethu.