Usawoti uyinto yemvelo eyingxenye yempilo yethu, kwabanye kubonakala sengathi ingumkhiqizo ongabalulekile, kodwa-ke njengoba wawuvela wawunokubaluleka okukhulu, wawusetshenziswa nokukhokhelwa umsebenzi, yingakho igama elithi "umholo".
Usawoti uyidwala. Isidumbu esidala kunazo zonke esisetshenziswa ngabantu futhi ukubaluleka kwaso empilweni kukhombe intuthuko ngezigaba zayo ezihlukene, kwafinyelela emiphumeleni emikhulu yezomnotho, ezombusazwe kanye nezokupheka kuyo yonke imiphakathi ehlukahlukene ebilokhu ipholisha isiko lethu nezindlela zethu zokuphila. Kungumkhiqizo ojwayelekile kuyo yonke i-gastronomy nemboni yomhlaba, kungaba njengama-condiment, okulondolozayo okubalulekile ukusetshenziswa kokudla noma okungewona ukudla.
Umlando kasawoti nokuthi waphela kanjani embonini enkulu
Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo kuqala ngesikhathi sombusi waseChina uHuangdi futhi kubuyela emuva ku-2670 ADC Elinye lamafulethi okuqala kasawoti aqinisekisiwe ukuthi angasetshenziswa kubantu lisenyakatho nesifundazwe endaweni egcwele izintaba namachibi anosawoti ngesikhathi okokuqala Ngezikhathi zombuso abaphathi bezingane babephikelela ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unelungelo lokuthola ingxenye kasawoti ovamile, okunikeza ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kulo mkhiqizo.
Ukwazi ukubaluleka kasawoti zombili izinduna zombuso futhi kamuva namakhosi, wabiza intela yokusetshenziswa nokuxhashazwa kasawoti iba ngomunye wemali ebaluleke kakhulu yomxhaso wasebukhosini.
Kuwo wonke ama-XNUMXth century, uchungechunge lwezinguquko ezibalulekile lwenziwa embonini kasawoti waseSpain. Ngokwenziwa kwentuthuko yezimboni, ukufakwa kobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezinqubo ezintsha zokuthola usawoti yenziwe yesimanje emkhakheni.
¿Itholakala kanjani?
I-salinera yindawo lapho amanzi anosawoti ehwamuka khona, ukushiya usawoti kuphela, ukuze akwazi ukuwomisa bese eqoqa ukuthengisa. Zihlukaniswa yizinhlobo zikasawoti, ezisogwini, ezisogwini ukusebenzisa amanzi olwandle, nalezo ezisemaphandleni, lapho kusetshenziswa khona iziphethu zamanzi anosawoti ngenxa yamanzi adlula ezindaweni ezifakwa usawoti ongaphansi komhlaba.
Amadoda asungule lezi zimboni zikasawoti aphethe ukukhiqiza usawoti osetshenziselwa ukunonga ukudla lapho kuphekwa, nokuwugcina, ukuze gwema isikhunta namagciwane Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziselwa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ezimboni ezifana nokwenziwa kwezibuko, insipho, amapulasitiki, iphepha, izimonyo nemithi.
Ukubaluleka kwamanje
Namuhla usawoti uyisithako esivame kakhulu ekudleni. Inani lansuku zonke lokudla kwalo lilawulwa futhi liqashwe kubantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu futhi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba iodine inikezwa ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwe-hypothyroid goiter.
Usawoti uthinta umqondo wokunambitheka ngoba umzimba womuntu unezinzwa ezikhethekile olimini ezikwazi ukuthola ukunambitheka okunosawoti wokudla.
Kwamanye amasiko, abantu bavame ukusebenzisa usawoti omningi kunalokho okudingwa ngumzimba, imvamisa kucishe kuphindwe kabili kukasawoti onconyiwe, kodwa kungaphezulu kwesinongo okuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla. Okokuqala, kuyimbiwa ebalulekile empilweni ngoba umzimba wethu uyayidinga ukuze isebenze kahle, kuyasiza:
- Umzimba unamanzi amaningi
- Isiza ukulawula inani lamanzi emzimbeni
- Isiza ukulawula uketshezi lomzimba
- Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa ludlulisele imizwa ebuchosheni
- Isiza ukuphumula imisipha
Ubungozi bokusetshenziswa
Usawoti owedlulele ungaba yingozi empilweni, izinso azikwazi ukuwususa ngoba unqwabelana egazini, ivolumu yegazi iyakhula nenhliziyo iphoqeleka ukuthi isebenze kakhulu ukuze ikwazi ukujikeleza. Yini engabangela umfutho wegazi ophakeme ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, isifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Ukuntuleka kwesodium kubanga ukuthi isiguli sibe nezimpawu zokunganaki, ubuthakathaka, ukuquleka, i-anorexia, umfutho ophansi wegazi, ukuwa kwegazi, ukwethuka, nokugcina ngokufa.
Umthelela wezemvelo
Umthetho wezemvelo namuhla ubiza kakhulu lapho kusungulwa inkampani yanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ngakho-ke, abaningi baye bangabaza umthelela wezemvelo odalwe wusawoti osebenza endaweni yabo.
I-salinera ingaletha abaningi izinzuzo zabasebenzi kubantu, kodwa futhi kuyasilimaza ngokuncisha ezinye izinhlobo zezinto Ukudala izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo ngokushintsha izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zenhlabathi etshaliwe.
Inqubo yokuhwamuka
Le nqubo yokuhwamuka iba namandla kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo, futhi ingaphansi ezindaweni ezibandayo. Amanzi angaphezulu anosawoti ngoba ukuhwamuka kwenza ukuba usawoti ukhule. Okuqukethwe usawoti emachibini amaningi, imifula, noma imifudlana kuncane kakhulu kangangokuba la manzi abizwa ngokuthi amanzi ahlanzekile.
Kungani usawoti usawoti?
Umbuzo obuzwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngisho omncane kakhulu, uhlobene nokuthi amanzi olwandle anosawoti angakanani, lokhu kunambitheka kungenxa yokuthi iqukethe i-sodium chloride. Iphesenti elikhona olwandle lingu-10,9%, 35 gramu kwilitha ngalinye.
Emhlabeni, ukusetshenziswa kasawoti okuphezulu kakhulu kwenzelwa imboni yamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezakhi zayo ezimbili, i-chlorine ne-sodium. Ukusetshenziswa kasawoti obalulekile kuhloselwe ukususwa kwemigwaqo, ikakhulukazi enyakatho Nenkabazwe, okuqondana neningi lamazwe athuthukile.
Futhi, ezikhathini zakamuva, i- ukwehla Amanzi afinyelele ekubalulekeni okukhulu, ngisho, inkomba yentuthuko yezwe, yingakho ukubaluleka kwale mboni kuvela ukuthi abanye bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ixhunyaniswe nokusetshenziswa kwabantu kuphela, ngisho nosawoti usetshenziselwa okuningi, ngokusho kwe-American Salt Institute, kunezinto ezingaphezu kuka-14.000 ezisetshenziswayo.
USalinera Española: Ngaphezulu kwekhulu elixhaphaza usawoti
Enye yezinkampani ezaziwa kakhulu yiSpanish Salt Mines, eyasungulwa ngo-1878, kusukela lapho yaxhaphaza izimayini zikasawoti ezahlukahlukene ezweni lesizwe. Njengamanje ifa elikhiqizayo lenkampani lakhiwa iSalinas de Ibiza kanye neSalinas de San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia).
Emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-XNUMX, futhi ngenxa yokubaluleka kasawoti embonini yokudoba (i-salting cod, imikhumbi yokuwafaka, kanye nosawoti ngokujwayelekile), inkampani yayinamagatsha phesheya. INewfoundland (Canada) neCalcutta (India) ngezinye zezilungiselelo ezifanele kakhulu zalesi sikhathi.
Yize uqhubeke nokudlala indima ebalulekile kwi Imboni yokudoba, ukuvela kwemikhumbi efrijini nefriji kagesi yizinto ezidale ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kasawoti kulo mkhakha, okunqume ukuthi inkampani ihlele kabusha inqubomgomo yayo yezentengiselwano, yangena ezimakethe ezintsha ezisafufusa ezifana nezindwangu, amakhemikhali, ezemithi, i umkhakha wokudla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, njll.
Ngalokhu, kwavulwa izimakethe ezintsha eNorway, eFaroe Island (eDenmark), e-Iceland noma e-United Kingdom, okuyiminyaka yamuva, amazwe esiya kuwo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Mayelana nemakethe kazwelonke, ukuba khona kwayo kwahlanganiswa emikhakheni ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yaseSpain eyandayo. Ngenxa yokutshalwa kwemali okusindayo okwenziwe eSalinas de San Pedro del Pinatar, baba ngomunye wamafemu anamuhla futhi athuthukile esigcawini sikazwelonke ngokudla nokusetshenziswa kasawoti kwasekhaya.
Inkampani yanda emhlabeni wonke
Uma kukhona umkhiqizo osetshenziswa umhlaba wonke, lowo usawoti, izinqolobane zawo zilinganiswa njengezingenakuphela ngoba idamu layo elikhulu lemvelo lingamanzi olwandle nolwandle. Esinye sezimo esenza usawoti wehluke yinqubo yawo yokuthola imvelo ngokuphelele, ngoba ekukhiqizweni kwayo kwezimboni imithombo yamandla emvelo njenge ukushisa kwelanga kanye ne-kinetics yomoya.
Ngokuphathelene nezinombolo ezinquma ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti, kukhombisa ukuvela okujwayelekile ngonyaka odlule. Njengamanje, eSpain ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti ihlanganisa izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya futhi, ngokufanayo, kusivumela ukuthi sigcine isimo esiqinile somhlaba wonke njengezwe elithumela kwamanye amazwe.
Enye yezinkampani ezikhiqiza kakhulu kule ndawo emhlabeni yiMexico, izwe elinezimayini zikasawoti eBaja California Sur. Ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti ngaphakathi eMexico kugxile kakhulu ezifundeni ezimbili: iGuerrero Negro, iBaja California Sur neMerida, iYucatán. Owokuqala ugqame ngokuba sesikhundleni semayini kasawoti enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni nangabakhiqizi bayo bakasawoti.
Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, usawoti uyathunyelwa ususwa usuka eMexico uye ezikhungweni eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa endaweni yasePacific, njengeJapan, Korea, United States, Canada, Taiwan kanye neNew Zealand. IMexico ikleliswe endaweni yesi-7 ekukhiqizeni usawoti emhlabeni wonke ne-1 eLatin America, ikhiqiza cishe amathani ayi-8 500,000 kasawoti ngonyaka.