Ngabe onke amaphephandaba anesakhiwo esifanayo?
Indlela esethula ngayo imininingwane: ukulandelana, ifonti, izesekeli, umbala, izithombe, njll. Iyanquma ekusebenzeni kokudluliswa komyalezo, futhi yize singakwazi ukusungula izingxenye zephephandaba ngendlela ejwayelekile, Iqiniso ukuthi kungahle kube nokuhlukahluka kusuka encwadini eyodwa kuya kwenye okunquma ubuntu bayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze ucabange ngalokhu phambilini, kodwa-ke, kuyathakazelisa ukuthatha isikhathi ukukuhlaziya, ngoba, kunoma yisiphi isimo, indlela ulwazi olunikezwa ngayo lunqumela ukuphumelela kokukhishwa komlayezo.
Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe kungubuciko obumbalwa kakhulu kubantu, ngoba kulokhu asinazo izinto ezisizayo ezifana nezimpawu nezwi, okuthi uma kukhulunywa ngokukhulumisana kumele ukusekelwa okugcwalisa futhi okunika amandla umyalezo.
Umqondo ekwakhiweni kwamaphephandaba wenze ushintsho olukhulu, namhlanje sithola umbala omningi nezithombe emakhasini alo. Futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi njengamanje kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuxhumana okubukwayo kunikeza ukuqiniswa okubalulekile, futhi ezimweni eziningi kuyakwazi ukudonsa ukunaka kwabantu, okwenza ukushicilelwa kuphumelele.
Ukusungula kukaGutenberg umshini wokunyathelisa kwakuyisiqalo ekusakazeni ngobuningi imininingwane ebhaliwe; Ngenkathi amaRoma phambilini esebenze nencwadi entsha ebhekene nokusabalalisa izindaba zikahulumeni, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwaqala ngokwakhiwa kwalokhu kusungulwa. Yize amaphephandaba okuqala ayelula esakhiweni sawo, kungekho lutho olwaluthinta lezo zincwadi ezenziwe ngopopayi nezithombe, inhloso yabo yokudlulisa imininingwane yafezwa kahle, futhi ngesikhathi kusakhiwa zombili izimpi zomhlaba, imininingwane eyimfihlo yabiwa ngezincwadi ze-anarchist, ezavumela ukuvela kwamaqembu amaningi aphikisayo.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zephephandaba
1. Ikhava
Iphethe ikhasi lokuqala, ngakho-ke kuzo zonke izingxenye zephephandaba, indima yalokhu ibalulekile ngoba imvamisa iyiphuzu elidonsa ukunaka komfundi. Kungakho kukhethwa izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zosuku ukuthi zishicilelwe "ekhasini lokuqala".
Ikhasi lokuqala ukukhethwa kwezindaba ezinhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba, futhi kufanele lenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi uma uthi nhla nje umfundi angathola umbono wokuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekile osukwini nokuthi kwenzekani.okutholakala ngaphakathi ephephandabeni.
Izihloko
Izingxenye zephephandaba, ezisekhasini langaphambili, futhi yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sikhombe iphephandaba. Yenziwe ngezinto ezilandelayo:
- Igama lephephandaba.
- I-logo: umdwebo oyikhombayo.
- Isiqubulo: Ibinzana elichaza umugqa womqondo wephephandaba.
- Imininingwane: isikhala kunhlokweni lapho kutholakala imininingwane evela ephephandabeni uqobo (ikheli, inombolo yocingo).
- Usuku okukhululwa ngalo.
- Iminyaka yokushicilelwa kwephephandaba.
- Inombolo yenkinga.
- Intengo.
Isithombe sosuku
Yiyo egcwalisa indaba esemqoka ehambisana nesihlokwana sayo, okuwumbhalo ohambisana nesithombe futhi inhloso yawo ukusiza ukuhumusha incazelo yesithombe. Ngenye ingxenye yephephandaba ehlala isikhala esisesembozweni, ukuze idonse ukunaka komfundi.
Iwindi
Imvamisa ibekwa phezulu ekhasini, ezinhlangothini zesibhengezo noma ngaphezulu kwaso. Amanye amaphephandaba abeka futhi phakathi kwekhanda nolwazi. Iqukethe indaba emfushane, ezimweni eziningi yethulwa ngomfanekiso.
Isifinyezo
Kuqukethe ukuhlanganiswa kwama-athikili azotholakala ezingxenyeni zephephandaba. Luhlobo lwenkomba.
Izindiza
Babizelwa esembozweni kulwazi oluthuthukiswa ngaphakathi. Amanye amaphephandaba abeka umgwaqo owodwa noma emibili ekhanda, ezinhlangothini zombili zesibonakaliso. Umbhalo omfushane obhalwe ngendlela eyenza umthelela.
I-Publicidad
Iqukethe izikhangiso ezivela kubaxhasi, futhi cishe njalo ibekwa ezansi.
2. Izigaba
Kuqukethe ukwahlukaniswa okususelwa ekuhlukanisweni kohlobo lolwazi olwethulwe kuma-athikili. Uma kubhekwa izindaba ezahlukahlukene ezingaphathwa, ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema umuzwa wokudideka kumfundi, futhi ezimeni eziningi ukubasiza bathole iqembu lezincwadi abazithandayo (hhayi bonke abantu bafunda konke okuqukethwe).
Iphephandaba liqukethe ngokwesilinganiso izingcezu zolwazi eziyikhulu ezibandakanya imibhalo, izindaba nemibiko; uma izindlela ezingasetshenziswanga ukwethula imininingwane, ukufundwa kwayo kungaba nezinxushunxushu futhi ukwakheka kwayo bekungeke kwenzeke.
Ngamafuphi, singasho ukuthi izigaba ziyalingana nezahluko zencwadi, futhi zimane ziyindlela yokuhlela imininingwane ukuze ingalahli incazelo yayo.
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa
- Uhlobo lomfundi: Kuqukethe ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokugqugquzela okungenza umuntu abukeze iphephandaba, ethule imininingwane ngendlela efinyelela kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomphakathi.
- Ingqikimba: Ifuna ukugcina ukufana kolwazi olwethulwe.
- Ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa: Cabanga ngomongo ozungeze ukushicilelwa (ezendawo, ezepolitiki nezomlando)
Ukwethulwa kolwazi
Kunezifundo ezihlose ukuthola indlela ejwayelekile abafundi abafunda ngayo iphephandaba. Yize ngokwesiko kwakucatshangelwa ukuthi indawo yokuqala lapho umuntu abeka khona ukunakekela kwakhe yayisesikhala esiphezulu phezulu; Ngalesi sizathu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuphathwa imibono emibili:
- Ukufundwa okuyindilinga: Okugcina ukuthi ukufundwa kwekhasi lokuqala kuyindilinga, kuqala ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesobunxele bese uhamba ngokwewashi. Ngakho-ke, indaba esemqoka ibekwe ekhoneni eliphezulu elingakwesobunxele, kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yisifunda esiyinhloko se-optic noma indawo.
- Kufundwa ngo- "Z": Cabanga ukuthi ingxenye ephezulu inenani elikhulu kunaleyo engezansi nokuthi ngakwesokunxele kunenani elingaphezulu kwesokudla. Hlukanisa ama-quadrants, okubaluleke kakhulu okungaphezulu kwesobunxele nokuncane, ngakwesokudla ngezansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwalo mbono umbono wenza ukufundwa kulandelwe ukulandela umkhondo wohlamvu lwe-zeta (Z).
Ukubaluleka
Ukwethulwa kwezindaba ngendlela ehlelekile kukhuthaza umfundi ukuthi azifunde yedwa, noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi esifanayo kusiza indawo ezikuyo ngaphakathi kwephephandaba. Lapho iphephandaba selivele lisunguliwe, linendlela efanayo yokuphatha imigomo yenhlangano yalo, noma kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhleleka kokwethulwa noma kwamahlelo kuyehluka, kepha uma iphephandaba selisungule isakhiwo, liyaligcina ukuze lijwayeze umfundi endaweni esheshayo yezindaba. Igama lesigaba ngasinye livela phezulu kwamakhasi aso, futhi singathola ukuthi ikhasi lokuqala lesigaba ngasinye ngokuvamile linesihloko esikhudlwana.
3. Umzimba wephephandaba
Ibhlokhi lezindaba ezakha ukushicilelwa zingenye zezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zephephandaba, ngoba ziqukethe "inhliziyo" yokushicilelwa. Kungashiwo ukuthi yakhiwe yizigaba zayo.
Izigaba ezakha umzimba wephephandaba:
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- Umbono, izindatshana ezibucayi ngezihloko ezinempikiswano ezifana nezepolitiki nezomnotho.
- Editorial, iqukethe incwadi yomhleli ethinta isihloko okufakwa kuso ukushicilelwa.
- Izincwadi ezivela kubafundi, iqukethe izincwadi ezibhalwe abasebenzisi zingaba zokubonga noma zesicelo.
- Izingxoxo, izindatshana ezisuselwa kubufakazi.
- Okwamazwe, kufaka isigaba sezindaba zomhlaba wonke.
- Ezombusazwe, izindaba ezithinta ezombusazwe zezwe.
- Inhlangano, izindaba ngemicimbi yomphakathi.
- Umnotho, chaza izinto ezithinta umkhakha wezomnotho nezezezimali.
- ezemidlalo, imiphumela yokuncintisana, imiqhudelwano noma imincintiswano enkundleni yezemidlalo.
- Imibukiso, izindaba nge-cinema, ubuciko nethelevishini.
- IZITHASISELO: isimo sezulu, i-horoscope, ukuzilibazisa, imiphumela ye-lottery, njll.
4. Ikhava yangemuva
Kutholakala ekhasini lokugcina, inhloso yalo ukugcwalisa ulwazi olwethulwe ekhasini lokuqala, ngokufaka izinto ezihlobene nolwazi, umbono nokukhangisa.
Izingxenye zephephandaba ezivame ukufaka umbiko, inhlolokhono noma ikholomu kanye nokukhanya okulula, kwesinye isikhathi okungahlekisa nokuhlekisa ngethoni, futhi yilokhu okucwaningwa ngezifundo njengamandla okufunda, yingakho bekhomba ukuthi leli khasi lokugcina linamazinga aphezulu okufunda. Mayelana nokuqukethwe okwethulwayo, ezimweni eziningi ikhasi lokugcina liqoqa imininingwane yezenhlalo, izihloko zothando noma ukukhangisa; ngoba, kanye nesembozo, kungezinye zezingxenye zephephandaba okuheha kakhulu ukunaka komfundi.
Amaphephandaba amaningi athambekele ekubeni ne- i-masthead egqamisa ibhena lephephandaba.