Yiziphi izingxenye zomphakathi?

Igama elithi ingxenye yezenhlalo libhekise kusakhiwo sonke esakha inani labantu esifundeni esinikeziwe, isakhiwo sithi sinezinto ezinjengobuningi besibalo sabantu, izici zaso, ukwakheka, ukunyakaza kokufuduka nezinye izinto ezibandakanya ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi. ngenjwayelo.

Okulandelayo sizokunikeza lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze wazi ngezingxenye zomphakathi, yini izici zokuthuthuka okuhambisana nayo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhleleka kulezi zingxenye.

Yiziphi izingxenye zomphakathi?

Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yezenhlalo iyisakhiwo esakhiwe yizo zonke izici zomphakathi ezisithikamezayo, okusho ukuthi, leli gama lihlanganisa yonke into eyenzayo, njengokuhamba kwabantu abafudukayo kanye nezimpawu zabantu besakhiwo esifanayo senhlalo.   

Ngasikhathi sinye, icwaninga ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezithinta abantu ukuthi zinikeze isisombululo esisheshayo nesibonakalayo sokuthuthuka okulungile kweqembu. Umbuso uphoqelekile ukuthi uqinisekise ingxenye ngayinye yezenhlalo zonke izinsizakusebenza nokunakekelwa ukuze okuhle okuvamile kube ngcono futhi kube ngcono.

Yiziphi izakhi zalo?

Ukutadisha kwengxenye ngayinye yezenhlalo kubhekiswe kwisayensi efana ne-psychology kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo.

Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye zesayensi ichaza umuntu njengomuntu oyinhloko ophambili womphakathi lapho kufanele khona qaphela ukuminyana kwesibalo sabantu bakho, yesikhala sabantu kanye nezici ezivamile okuyizona ezenza ukuthi isiko lezwe noma lesifunda libe nezisekelo eziqinile.

Njengoba wazi ngokungazazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye zezinto zomphakathi, sifuna ukuthi uzibone ngokugcwele zonke zazo kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nakho:  

Izigaba zomphakathi

Bangamaqembu akha umphakathi, leli gama lincike emandleni okuthenga nezimo zezomnotho zengxenye ngayinye. Isigaba sezenhlalakahle sithinteka ngokomqondo ngokuya kombuso, ukuthi ngubani futhi obusa kanjani obaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezigaba ezahlukene zenhlalo.

Uhlaka ngalunye lwezenhlalo luthonywe yisikhathi lapho sikhuluma ngamakilasi aphezulu, aphakathi naphansi. Lokhu kukhombisa amazinga okungabi nabulungisa nokungalingani izwe ngalinye elibhekana nakho.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamadolobha

Kuyindlela abantu abasatshalaliswa ngayo, ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: abantu basemadolobheni kanye nabantu basemakhaya.

Ngokwabiwa kwamadolobha kungenzeka kube nokulawulwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi kanye nokufinyelela emisebenzini yezomnotho.

Kungabonakala ukuthi izindawo ezisatshalaliswa emadolobheni zikhula kanjani kakhulu ngokomnotho kunezasemakhaya.

Ngokuvamile, abantu basemadolobheni banamathuba amakhulu okukhula nokuthuthuka kunabantu basemakhaya, lokhu kungenxa yamathuba entuthuko amadolobha anawo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esinye sezimo esibhekwe ngokwezigaba zomphakathi ukufuduka kwabantu besuka emakhaya beya ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni.

Cultura

Igama elithi isiko lifaka konke ukuziphatha nokuziphendukela kwezakhamuzi ezahlukahlukene zezwe, isifunda noma izwe.

Ukuziphatha komphakathi njengamagugu, izinkolelo zenkolo, izimfundiso zepolitiki yizinto ezizocacisa ukuthi isiko ligcinwa kanjani kubantu.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi kukhunjulwe ukuthi isikhala ngasinye sendawo sibekwe yizimfanelo zamasiko abantu. Inkolo ikakhulukazi yenza amasiko acebe ngokwehlukahlukana.

Izingxenye zemvelo

Isikhala sendawo sakhiwe ikakhulukazi yizakhi zemvelo ezisibumbayo, lesi sici singukhiye ekusebenzeni kahle kwemiphakathi, ukukhula kwayo kuncike ekuphathweni okunikezwa izingxenye zemvelo ngokuya ngezindawo ezilinganiselwe.  

Lokhu kwenziwa ngezilwane, izimbali, usizo nezinye izici zesibalo sabantu bendawo.

Izingxenye zomphakathi ezifundwa ngabantu

Idemografi yisayensi efunda izinto ezahlukahlukene zendawo ngokuya ngabantu.

Kususelwa kusibalo sokuthi ucwaninga izakhiwo kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu kanye nenqubo ngayinye eyenza umuntu, phakathi kwabo singathola:

Usayizi wabantu

Lokhu kusho inani labantu abahlala endaweni ethile, lokhu kungenye yezinto ezinquma kakhulu lapho kusungulwa isifundo ngezidingo zabantu. Usayizi wabantu ukalwa ngezinga lokuzalwa nelokufa.

Izizwe ezinamanani aphansi abantu zivame ukuba neminotho enamandla kakhulu ngokuthuthuka okukhulu kwezimboni.  

Ukwakheka kwenani labantu

Lokhu kuhlobene nobulili, izinhlanga kanye neminyaka yabantu, ukwakheka kukala ukusatshalaliswa kwabantu ngokuya ngezilimi, amasiko, nezakhiwo zezolimo nezimboni ngokwamakhilomitha-skwele.

Ukufuduka

Ukufuduka kwangaphakathi noma kwangaphandle kuthonya abafuduki uqobo, esikhaleni abasimbozayo, ukufuduka kuyakhulunywa futhi lapho abantu besuka kwenye indawo beya kwenye ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma ukudluliselwa kwabantu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni befuna inhlalakahle nokukhula.

Ukufudukela emadolobheni

Lokhu kungenye ingxenye yomphakathi efunda ukuhleleka nokuziphatha kwesibalo sabantu ngokwendawo abahlala kuyo emadolobheni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngocwaningo lwabantu olwenza ukuthi izibalo zamakhono zingaba khona kubantu.

Ukuzala nokuchuma

Inzalo ifunda inani lezingane owesifazane angaba nazo eminyakeni yokuzala, futhi inzalo ifunda inani lezingane owesifazane angazisekela ngokwamathuba akhe ezomnotho.

Isibonelo sezinga eliphezulu lokuzala inani labantu besifazane base-Afrika, abakwaziyo ukuthola izingane ezingafika kweziyisithupha kowesifazane ngamunye.

Ukufa kanye nesikhathi sokuphila

Ukufa kukalwa ngokubala ukufa kwabantu bonke abantu abayi-1000 emphakathini, lesi sici sixhunyaniswe namandla isifunda esinakho ngokwehliswa kwabantu abadala asebekhulile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawulwa kokushona kwezinsana nakho kunomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesibalo sabantu, inani elijwayelekile lokufa kwezingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-0 kuya ku-1 unyaka lilinganiswa kukho konke ukuzalwa okungu-1000 ngonyaka.

Ukulawulwa kwabantu noma ukuhlela umndeni

Kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe- ukwakheka kwezingxenye zomphakathi, kumayelana nokulawulwa kwabantu noma ukuhlela umndeni. Kunesilinganiso esikhombisa ukuthi inani lomhlaba liphindeka kabili njalo eminyakeni engama-35, kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi ohulumeni abafana neChina bakhethe ukulawula inani lezingane umndeni ongaba nazo, ukuze kube nokulawula okungcono ngobuningi besibalo sabantu futhi izidingo zalo ngokujwayelekile.

Le nto inobuhle nobubi bayo, ngenxa yokungalingani abanye besifazane abakubonayo njengoba bekhishwa inyumbazane futhi belawulwa ekuzaleni kwabo kanye nenani lezingane abangaba nazo.

Kodwa-ke, kusesemqoka enhlalakahleni yezenhlalakahle ukuthi amanye amazwe asebenzise izindinganiso zokuhlela imindeni ezakhamuzini zawo, ikakhulu lawo mazwe anezinga eliphansi kakhulu noma elingenawo umnotho.