Silungiselele uhlu nge izinhlobo zemicabango okumele ukwazi, okuthile okubalulekile kubo bonke abafuna ukuqonda kangcono indlela incazelo yezenzeko nezehlakalo ezenzeka ngayo, efuna ukufinyelela eqinisweni ngokubheka okukhulu okungenzeka.
Yini imibono?
Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuthi sazi incazelo emfushane maqondana nemibono, futhi ngokuyisisekelo, ngokubuka kwendlela yesayensi, sikhuluma ukucabanga kokuthile okungenzeka noma okungenzeki ngenhloso yokuthola umphumela owodwa noma eminingi.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi imicabango isuselwa kulwazi olutholwe phambilini, ukuze kungadingeki ukuthi lube yiqiniso, kepha okungenani lunomsebenzi wokufuna iqiniso ngokususelwa kulolo lwazi une.
Inhloso eyisisekelo ye-hypothesis ukukwazi ukulandisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu amaqiniso nolwazi olutholakele, ukuphatha ukufinyelela encazelweni egxile kusizathu sokuthi kungani kwenzeka.
Ngalo mqondo, kufanele siqale ngokunikeza uhide lwezizathu zokuthi kungani kukholwa isikhundla esithile, ukuze kufunwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo kuze kufinyelelwe esiphethweni.
Ukubuyela kunqubo yesayensi, i-hypothesis noma, ikakhulukazi, i-hypothesis yesayensi ihlose ukusungula isiphetho esizokuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa nangokuhlolwa, okusho ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo besizokhuluma Isinyathelo sokuqala sokufinyelela iqiniso lesayensi.
Le mbono isuselwa ekuqoqweni kolwazi nedatha okungadingeki ukuthi iqinisekiswe, kodwa-ke unomsebenzi wokufinyelela impendulo engasekelwa ngokwesisekelo sesayensi; okungukuthi, kufanele sifinyelele esiphethweni futhi sikukhombise ngendlela yesayensi.
Izinhlobo zemicabango
Lapho sesiwujwayele umqondo wokuthi iyini i-hypothesis, into elandelayo okufanele siyazi yizinhlobo zemicabango ekhona ukuze siqonde kangcono indlela esenza ngayo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola.
Ngalo mqondo, singathola ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko okubili okuzoba yizinhlobo zemicabango ngokuya ngemvelaphi noma izinhloso zabo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo zemicabango evela ngombono ojwayelekile.
Izinhlobo zama-hypotheses asuselwa kumsuka nezinhloso
Kulokhu, sizothola inani eliphelele lezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokucabanga okuhlukaniswe ngama-subtypes okubalulekile ukwazi:
- I-hypothesis ngokwesilinganiso sayo: kwasekuqaleni sinombono osuselwe kububanzi bawo, lapho kungenzeka ube munye noma ujwayelekile. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi zisebunyeni, sibhekisa eqinisweni elithile, kanti imicabango ejwayelekile kungaba yilezo eziphindaphindwa ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngaphakathi kokucabanga okujwayelekile sinemibono yendawo yonke okuyileso esiholela esiphethweni ngombono ojwayelekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi sinemicabango evamile engaba khona, okusobala ukuthi ayifinyeleli ezingeni jikelele kepha igxila kuningi.
- I-hypothesis isuselwa kumsuka wayoNgakolunye uhlangothi singakwazi ukuhlukanisa imibono ngokuya ngemvelaphi yayo lapho-ke singaba nemibono ethandekayo yilezo ezithola ukulandelana futhi zigxile kokujwayelekile kokusebenza kwemvelo. Siphinde sibe nezinciphisayo, ezitholakala kokuncishisiwe okutholwe ngezinye izinkolelo ezahlukahlukene. Sinemibono ngokufanisa okusetshenziswa njengesifaniso, njengeqiniso lokudlulisela imibono kaDarwin emkhakheni wezenhlalo nezomnotho, futhi ekugcineni sinemibono yezikhangiso okuyiyona evumela ukwehluleka kweminye imibono.
- I-hypothesis isuselwa ekujuleni kwayo: ngokujula kwayo, sinemibono yokuqagela, engafuni izincazelo ezinqala kepha kunalokho igxila ekubhekweni kwalemicimbi, kanye nemibono yokumelwa efuna incazelo ecacile.
- I-hypothesis isuselwa ezingeni layo lemvelo: Mayelana nezinga lemvelo, sinenombolo enkulu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemicabango efana nezenhlalo, ezengqondo, ezokuphila, ezomzimba / zamakhemikhali, njalonjalo.
- I-hypothesis maqondana nesisekelo sayo: futhi ekugcineni sinemibono yobumbano ebisuselwa kudatha yezobuciko ezinokuvumelana okuhle kodwa ezingenakho ukusekelwa kwemfundiso, imibono yethiyori engenaso isisekelo sobumbano kepha esinokusekelwa kwethiyori, kanye nemibono eqinisekisiwe.
Izinhlobo zemicabango ejwayelekile
Ngokuphathelene nombono wemicabango ejwayelekile, futhi sinezinhlobo eziningana ezilandelayo:
- I-hypothesis yocwaningo: ukucabanga kocwaningo yikho okusungula ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okubili noma okungaphezulu, futhi kungahle kube nokuhlukaniswa okuhlukanisiwe okune ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lwe-hypothesis, okuyizinto zokucabanga ezichazayo zenani lapho okuguquguqukayo kutholakala khona kumongo onikeziwe ukuze uqhubeke Ekuqapheleni, imibono ehambisanayo esuselwa ekwehlukaneni kwanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okuguqukayo, okungaphinde kuthinte ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo, imicabango yokungezwani phakathi kwamaqembu okuyilawo anquma ukungahambelani okukhona phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene, yize kungenjalo ukusungula izizathu zokuthi kungani lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kwenzeka, futhi ekugcineni sinemicabango esungula ubudlelwano obuyimbangela obuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguqukayo, ngaphezu kokuchaza izizathu zokuthi kungani kukhona.
- Ukucabanga okungenamqondoNgokuqondene nemibono engeyinhle, sikhuluma ngalezo ezigxile ebudlelwaneni obusungulwe phakathi kokuguquguqukayo okuhlukahlukene lapho okuthile okufakazelwa umbono othile wokucwaninga kuyaphikiswa noma kuqhubeka ukuphikwa.
- Okunye ukuqagela: kulokhu sikhuluma ngemibono ehlanganisa ukucabanga nokuqagela maqondana nezinye izincazelo ezahlukahlukene eziphakanyiswe yimicabango eyathi yona yathathwa njengeyize ngokuhlangana nophenyo.
- I-Statistical hypothesis: Ekugcineni sinalo lolu hlobo oluguquguqukayo lube yizimpawu zezibalo zemicabango yocwaningo, imibono engekho nhlobo noma okunye okucatshangwayo, ukuze sithole amathuba amabili okuyizibalo zokulinganisela kwezibalo, okuyizona ezigxila emininingwaneni etholakele phambilini futhi sithathe amanani athile kalula, futhi siphinde sibe nemibono ehlanganisa izibalo efuna ukusungula izibalo ezincike ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi kokuhlukahluka okubili noma ngaphezulu.
Lezi yizo zonke izinhlobo zemibono okufanele uyicabangele, ihlukaniswe ngokwezidingo zakho, ngenhloso yokuthi kusukela manje ungakuqonda kangcono ukusebenza kwayo nezimpawu zayo ukukusebenzisa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-hypothesis ofuna ukuyenza.
Gracias
ngiyabonga kakhulu