Sivame ukubona ukuthi kunabantu abanamakhono athile, abavumela ukuthi bakhe izinto, bathole imikhiqizo kanye / noma banikeze izixazululo zezidingo ezahlukene noma izinkinga empilweni. Ngamunye ukukwenza ngendlela ehlukile, futhi lokhu kuzoya ngokuthi indlela yabo ubuciko. Ukuze wazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, sichaza esihlokweni esilandelayo ezinye izinhlobo zobuciko eziphakanyiswe ngababhali abahlukahlukene endaweni.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zobuciko?
Ubuhlakani bungachazwa njengenqubo lapho abantu, ngokuya ngomuzwa wokukhuthazeka okuzenzakalelayo, benekhono lokwenza umkhiqizo othize; noma umane ufike kwisisombululo sesimo usebenzisa ulwazi namakhono akho.
Kungumqondo ofundwe kakhulu, hhayi kuphela ngombono ongokwengqondo, kepha futhi ukuwunikeza ngenombolo engapheli yezicelo emkhakheni wesayensi. Ngokuqondile ngalesi sizathu kubhekwe njengenqubo, umkhiqizo nekhwalithi etholakala kumongo othile umuntu azithola ekuwo; ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi njengesici sobuntu esifanayo.
Lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene kanye nemibono ephakanyisiwe kuze kube manje; kepha kusukela endaweni ejwayelekile, zintathu izinhlobo zobuciko kuchazwe ngezansi:
Ubuciko obujwayelekile
Kungenye lapho kuvela khona imibono ukuze kuhlaziywe izimo ezahlukahlukene, futhi zixazululwe. Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezabasebenzi, ngoba yiyona edala ukusebenza kahle kakhulu maqondana nezindleko nezinzuzo.
Ubuciko bokuhlola
Ukuqamba kokuhlola kungenye lapho imibono evela khona ingaxhunyaniswa nesidingo esithile noma inkinga ethile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuyona umkhawulo, ngoba ukube injongo yomcabango bekunganikeza isisombululo, amathuba ahlukahlukene ayohlolwa kule nqubo. Kungalesi sizathu-ke kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi lolu hlobo lobuciko luvuselela ukuhlangana kolwazi olunalo.
Ubuciko ngengozi
Njengoba igama lisho, kulokhu izinqubo zobuciko zenziwa ngengozi, okuholela kwimikhiqizo etholwe kahle kakhulu. Isibonelo salolu hlobo lwesimo siqondwa yilabo abaziwa ngokuthi "serendipity".
Ubuciko ngokusho kwababhali abahlukahlukene
1. Izinhlobo zobuciko ngokusho kweMaslow
Ngokusho kukaMaslow kunezinhlobo ezimbili zobuciko: eyokuqala neyesibili. Zombili zithathwa njengezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, okuthi noma zikhuthazwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene, zigcine ngokugcwalisa noma ukuhlanganisa inqubo eyodwa.
Ubuciko bokuqala
Ukudala okuyinhloko kuhlotshaniswa ngqo nenqubo ye- ugqozi lokudala. Kubonakala ngokuzenzekela nangokuthuthuka, futhi kuvame ukwakhiwa ngezimpawu zemikhosi; Ngamanye amagama, kuyimvelo futhi ikhwalithi ethile kumuntu ngamunye.
Ubuciko besibili
Ubuciko besibili kungenye lapho izinqubo zokugqugquzela nokwakhiwa zenziwa ngendlela elawulwayo, ukuze kuvezwe umkhiqizo wokugcina othize. Lokhu kubonakala ngokufuna imithamo emikhulu yokulungiselela nokuzikhandla, ekusebenziseni ngokuphelele isiyalo nokuzinikela.
2. Ubuqambi ngokusho kukaJeff DeGraff
Ngokwengxenye yakhe, uprofesa nomcwaningi uJeff DeGraff wehlukanisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zobuhlakani nombono wokuhlola: i-mimetic, analogical, bisociative, elandisayo nenembile.
Ukulingisa
Ubuciko beMimetic buchazwa njengokwazi ukudala kusuka entweni esevele ikhona. Okusho ukuthi, okutholakala kule nqubo kuzoba umphumela wokulingisa noma ikhophi yento esivele yaziwa, ngakho-ke izinga layo lokuxakaniseka liphansi impela.
Isichasiso esithi "mimetic" sivela egameni elithi "mimesis", elisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukulingiswa kwabanye. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zobuciko, ngoba akudingi ukulungiswa futhi kungathuthukiswa ngisho nezilwane. Eqinisweni, emkhakheni wezemfundo usetshenziswa kabanzi ukukwazi ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukene noma ulwazi olutholwe esifundweni esisodwa kwezinye.
I-Analog
Yileyo lapho imibono evelayo ingumphumela wama-analogies ahlukahlukene, enziwe ngobudlelwano bolwazi olutholakele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze uqonde lezo zinto ezingaziwa, izindawo ezithile zibhekisa kulabo abazaziyo; Ngokuqhathanisa okususelwa ekufaneni nasezingathekisweni, kungenzeka ukugaya imininingwane emisha.
Ukuzibandakanya
La ubuhlakani bisociative Yinye lapho imibono emibili ehluke ngokuphelele ihlanganiswe khona, eholela ekwakheni noma ekuxazululeni okuthile. Kubonakala ngokufudumala, ukuguquguquka nokugeleza, amagama amathathu ahlanganiswe kwelinye eyaziwa njenge-3F. Lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi i-bisociation yenziwa ngokuhlangana kwemibono ehluke kakhulu, engahlelwa ngendlela ehlakaniphile endaweni ethile enqubeni, engaba mnandi kumuntu ngamunye futhi ivumele ukugeleza okufanayo ukuthola Umphumela.
Ukulandisa
Kusho ngqo ikhono lomuntu lokwenza izindaba. Ukwenza lokhu, isebenzisa ukuxhumana kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezakha ukulandisa, njengabalingiswa, imvelo, izenzo, isikhathi, uhlobo lombalisi, nezinsizakusebenza ezithile ezifana nengxoxo, incazelo nokuzivocavoca okuhle kohlelo.
Enembile
Yileyo lapho imibono evela khona ingasuselwa ezithombeni esezivele zikhona noma kulwazi, ngakho-ke zidinga amandla amakhulu wokukhishwa.
Ubuciko obunembile buyikhwalithi ewusizo kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga, ngoba kuvumela ukuthuthukisa imibono ngokususelwa kumgomo wokuthi sonke isimo sinesixazululo, futhi nemikhawulo, ngokuxakile esungulwe kulwazi olukhona, ishiyiwe ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kungenye ye izinhlobo zobuciko ezingashukumiseka noma kuthuthukiswe ngomkhuba wokuzindla neyoga, ngoba kukhuthaza ukuhlanzwa kwengqondo futhi kuvuse ukwazi.
3. Ubuciko ngokusho kuka-Edward Taylor
U-Alfred Edward Taylor, yena, wethula izindlela ezinhlanu lapho ubuciko bubonakaliswa khona kumuntu ngamunye:
Iyachaza
Kuyinto eyodwa ezibonakala eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila, ngakho-ke inezimpawu zokuzalwa, okungukuthi, kufaka phakathi amakhono omuntu ngamunye. Kusuka lapho ngokunembile amanye amakhono angathuthukiswa.
Ukukhiqiza
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo zobuciko ezaziwa ngobunjalo bazo, ngoba kusho ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono, okuzohlukanisa umuntu ngamunye.
Umsunguli
Kungenye lapho imibono ekhiqizwayo ivela ekusetshenzisweni kwesipiliyoni nolwazi eselulutholile ngaphambilini, ngendlela yoqobo.
Ezintsha
Ukuqamba okusha kuchazwa njengalokho okubonakala ezingeni eliphezulu lokukhishwa, okuvumela ukuguqula, ukuthuthukisa noma ukudala inqubo entsha kwezesayensi nakwezobuciko.
Iyavela
Ngokusho kukaTaylor, okufana kakhulu nokuhlukaniswa kukaDegraff, uthi ubuciko obuvelayo bungenye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba kuholela ekwakhiweni kwemigomo, izisekelo nemibono emisha ngokuphelele. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akuqondakali kahle ngamanye amazinga achaziwe, ngoba ihlukaniswe nezithombe ezisethwe ngaphambilini.
4.Ukusungula ngokusho kukaJoy P. Guilford
Ekugcineni, uJoy P. Guilford wethula ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukile kobuciko kusuka kuDegraff noTaylor.
I-Phylogenetics
Ngabe lokho ubuciko obunamandla nobubonakalayo kumuntu ngamunye, futhi lokho kuvezwa futhi kuthuthukiswe ngaphandle kohlobo loqeqesho abaluthole.
Kungenzeka
Okusondelene kakhulu ne-phylogenetics, yilokho okususelwa ekuthambekeni okukhethekile noma emakhono omuntu ngamunye, akha amandla abo. Ubuciko obunamandla yilokho obuvumela ubudlelwano bomuntu nemvelo, ngakho-ke, nokuguqulwa kwayo.
Kuyiqiniso
Iyazibonakalisa ekugcineni kwenqubo yokudala, ngakho-ke ingachazwa njengenkulumo noma umkhiqizo wayo. Ihlobene kakhulu nohlobo lwe-kinetic.
I-Kinetics
Njengoba igama layo lisho, lisho ukunyakaza. Ubuciko beKinetic bungobunye obuziveza kunqubo yokudala.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukusho, inqubo yokudala idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezahlukahlukene zobuchopho (ngaphandle kokuthi lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ikakhulu nengqikithi elungile yobuchopho); athuthukiswa ngendlela ethile kumuntu ngamunye. Ukuqonda nokuxhashazwa kwayo emkhakheni wezemfundo, womsebenzi noma womuntu siqu kudinga ukutadisha kabanzi, futhi lokho kubalulekile ukwazi izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezingenziwa ngazo.