Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ulwazi luyinkambu enzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukudweba imibono ethile futhi wenze ukuhlukaniswa okwanele ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isifundo ngokujula nangokuphumelela okukhulu. Ngokuphawulekayo lonke ulwazi lomuntu lunesici samasiko, futhi ingavezwa ngokusetshenziswa kolimi futhi ihunyushwe ngezindlela ezahlukene ngokuya ngesiko nangemiqondo ethile. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka nokwenza okuthile ngakithi, sizokukhombisa ifayela le- uhlu ngezinhlobo eziyinhloko zolwazi ukuthi kufanele sazi, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabo kwangaphakathi.
Ulwazi njengomsebenzi wokucaciswa
Kulokhu singathola izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlukaniswa ezingaba ulwazi lwethiyori nolwazi olusebenzayo, esizochaza imininingwane ngezansi.
Ulwazi lwethiyori
Mayelana nolwazi lwethiyori, yilawo okukhona kuwo lifuna ukuveza iqiniso ngokuhumusha okungokoqobo, ukuze sithole ezinye izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:
Ulwazi lwesayensi
Ulwazi lwesayensi luwumphumela womzamo kanye nendlela esuselwa ocwaningweni lapho kutholakala khona izimpendulo zemibuzo ethile edinga ukuhunyushwa.
Ulwazi lwefilosofi
Ngokwengxenye yayo, ulwazi lwefilosofi yilolo olufuna ulwazi olufanayo kepha ngombono obucayi olususelwa ezisekelweni zalo.
Ulwazi olususelwa ezinkolelweni
Ngokuqondene naleyo esuselwa ezinkolelweni, sibhekene nohlobo lolwazi olususelwa eqinisweni le- yamukela izinkolelo ezinjengamaqiniso azicacelayo. Lapha futhi sinokunye ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo:
Ukuqonda kwezenkolo
Ukuqonda kwezenkolo yilokho okugxile esambulweni saphezulu.
Ulwazi lwendabuko
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwendabuko yilokho okudluliswa ngokwesiko kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Lolu hlobo lolwazi lunokuhlukaniswa okulandelayo:
Ulwazi lwendabuko lwasendaweni
Yilezo ezidluliselwa endaweni echazwe ngokwendawo.
Ulwazi lwendabuko lomhlaba jikelele
Yilezo ezidluliselwa phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, zikwazi ukuba yingxenye yamasiko i-a priori ehluke kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Ulwazi oluwusizo
Mayelana nolwazi olusebenzayo, singasho ukuthi yibo labo abahlose ukukwenza funda isenzo esisiholela ukufeza inhloso.
Lapha singabona izinhlobo ezinhlanu zolwazi olusebenzayo:
Ulwazi lokuziphatha
Ulwazi lokuziphatha yilolo olubhekisa ku- izinkambiso zokuziphatha komphakathi.
Ulwazi lokuziphatha
Uma sikhuluma ngolwazi lokuziphatha sibhekisa ekubonisaneni maqondana nokuziphatha ukufeza inhloso esiyiphakamisayo.
Ulwazi lwezepolitiki
Siphendukela olwazini lwezepolitiki, singangena kulolo lwazi olukhonjisiwe ngokwesisekelo nokuhlelwa kwamandla ezenhlalo.
Ulwazi lobuciko
Ulwazi lwezobuciko ulwazi olusebenzayo oluvela kusidingo sokuvezwa kobuzwe nobuhle ngomuntu.
Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe
Ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe yilolo olubhekelela usizo olususelwa emikhakheni ehlukene lapho lusetshenziswa khona, futhi kulokhu singathola amathuba amane okukhiqizwa komnotho, umnotho wasekhaya, amakhono omuntu kanye nokuqondiswa kwezinhlangano kwezombusazwe.
Ulwazi olususelwa ekwakhiweni kwalo
Ngalo mqondo sizophinde sithole ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukaniswe ngolwazi oluhlelekile nolwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ulwazi oluhlelekile
Ulwazi oluhlelekile yilolo olungenakho okuqukethwe, kepha lwethulwa ngendlela enengqondo ngobudlelwano obabuchazwe phambilini ngokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu.
Isibonelo esihle yi-mathematics.
Ulwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ngokuqondene nolwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo, yilona lonke olunye ulwazi olungangeni kukhathalogi yolwazi olusemthethweni. Lapha sinethuba lokuthola ezinye izindlela ezimbili ezi:
Ulwazi luthambekele
Ulwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo olubhekisa ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwemiqondo ehlukahlukene.
Ulwazi lwe-Axiomatic
Ulwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo olubhekisa ezincazelweni zezimbangela zokugcina njengeqiniso, okungukuthi, i- imibono yesayensi.
Ulwazi olususelwa ekudalweni kwalo
Ngokuya ngohlamvu lwayo lokudalula, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi ezisesidlangalaleni, ezizimele, ezicacile, ezingagunci futhi ezihlanganisiwe.
Ulwazi lomphakathi
Ngokuqondene nolwazi lomphakathi, kumayelana nalabo ulwazi olulula ukusabalala emphakathini wonke.
Ulwazi oluyimfihlo
Kodwa-ke, ulwazi oluyimfihlo yilolo oluzelwe kumuntu oluphethe, ukuze kusungulwe isisekelo sokwenyuka kamuva kolwazi lomphakathi.
Ulwazi olucacile
Yiyo engadluliselwa isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye ngendlela elula.
Ulwazi oluphelele
Yinye esekwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, imikhuba kanye nezindlela ezithile zokucabanga ngakunye.
Ulwazi olufakiwe
Ngulwazi olungagcinwa oluvimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi ekulahlekeni.
Ulwazi olususelwa kumsuka
Mayelana nolwazi olususelwa kwimvelaphi yalo, sinezinketho ezintathu okulandelayo:
Ulwazi lokuhlaziya
Yaziwa nangokuthi ulwazi lwe-priori, ngulowo imininingwane yakhe isuselwa kuye ukusungula ubudlelwano obunengqondo ngokuya ngokuqukethwe okuxoxwayo, ekubeni ngale ndlela ezimele kokuhlangenwe nakho uqobo, ukuze isiphetho sitholakale ekubanjweni.
Ulwazi lwezinto zokwenziwa
Ibizwa ulwazi lwe-posteriori, ukuze imininingwane isuselwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, okutholakala ngakho isiphetho ekungenisweni.
Ulwazi lwezobuciko
Kulokhu sikhuluma ngolwazi olususelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kuphela, ukuze kungaze kuvezwe ngamagama.
Ngaphakathi kolwazi olunamandla singagqamisa ngokuyisisekelo imizwa nemizwelo.
Ulwazi olususelwa enhlosweni yalo
Ngokuphathelene nenhloso yayo, sithola ezinye izindlela ezintathu:
Ulwazi lwesayensi
Luhlobo lolwazi oluhlose ukutolika iqiniso ngokoqobo.
Ulwazi lokuxhumana
Ifuna ukudlulisa imininingwane ethile etholwe phambilini.
Ulwazi oluchazayo
Ingenye yezinhlobo zolwazi ezinenhloso dlulisa imizwa nemizwa.
Ulwazi olususelwa ekusekelweni kokongiwa nokusatshalaliswa
Ngokuya ngosizo lokulondolozwa nokudalulwa, sinezinye izindlela ezine okulandelayo:
Ulwazi ngamasiko
Kuwulwazi lapho kusetshenziswa imigomo nezinqubo okuvunyelwene ngazo eqenjini zenziwa, ukuze kuqondwe njengenkambu yamasiko eqenjini lezenhlalo elincishisiwe njengeqembu lososayensi, ngisho nempucuko ephelele, edlulayo ngeqembu labangane, amahlelo futhi ngokujwayelekile zonke izinhlobo zamaqembu ngokususelwa kulwazi nezinqubo ezinqunywe ngaphakathi.
Ulwazi lwe-Bibliographic
Ngulwazi olutholakala ezincwadini nakwizichazamazwi.
Ulwazi lobuciko
Yilokho esikuthola emculweni, ekudwebeni, ezincwadini, ebaziwe, emidlalweni yeshashalazi nakunoma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kobuciko.
Ulwazi lwekhompyutha
Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ulwazi oludijithali, futhi yiyo ezalwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha.
Ulwazi olususelwa endleleni ezitholwa ngayo
Futhi ukuqeda uhlu lwethu ngezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu zolwazi sinokuhlukaniswa okusha okuqondiswe endleleni ulwazi olutholwe ngayo.
Ulwazi lwezifundo
Ulwazi lwezifundo ulwazi olutholakala ezikhungweni ezinenhloso ethile kanye nemithethonqubo.
Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe
Yinye etholakala ekusebenziseni umsebenzi.
Ulwazi lwe-Vulgar
Sibiza ulwazi lwenhlamba olunenhloso ehlose ukushintshanisa imininingwane phakathi kwabalinganayo.
Ulwazi lwendabuko
Ngulwazi oludluliselwa ngofuzo olususelwa emasikweni.
Ulwazi lwezenkolo
Ekugcineni sinolwazi lwezenkolo olutholakala ngaphakathi kwesikhungo senhlalo sohlobo oluthile lwenkolo.
Ngalokhu siqedela uhlu lwethu ngezinhlobo ezivelele zolwazi, ngethemba lokuthi uhlaziya kahle lolu nalunye lwazo futhi ucabangele izigaba ezahlukahlukene ezikhona kuye ngezimpawu nobunjalo bokuhlukahluka okuhlukile, okugqamisa indlela eziyiyo itholakale, indlela edluliswa ngayo futhi, futhi, nendlela ekwazi ngayo ukufeza inhloso yayo, ukuze kuhlelwe ukuhlukaniswa okuthakazelisa kakhulu lapho sizokwazi ukuqonda nokutadisha kangcono ngamunye wale mibono .
Ukuhalalisela okuphelele kakhulu futhi okuthakazelisayo, ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili. Muva nje sekukhonjisiwe ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kungumqondo ophelele, asisakhulumi ngomuntu okhaliphile lapho enesizinda sezinkinga zezibalo kanye nelogic, manje lo mqondo uhlobene futhi ubanzi kakhulu, umuntu ngamunye unokukhululeka okukhulu nokusebenza okungcono indawo edlula enye hhayi ngenxa yalesi sizathu umuntu uhlakaniphe ukwedlula enye, ngakho-ke ubuhlakani abukho maqondana nalokho owaziyo, kodwa ukuthi ufunda ngokushesha okungakanani. umlayezo kuwebhusayithi yami noma vakashela izindatshana zami.