Ukukhulisa izingane akuyona into elula futhi noma ngubani okutshela ngenye indlela uqamba amanga kuwe. Futhi, uma ukukhulisa izingane "kunzima" kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi uzizwe sengathi impilo yakho iguqulwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma ingane idlula esigabeni noma ezimweni ezithile ezenza ingazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukuziphatha okubi kujwayelekile futhi Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi ukuthi kwenzakalani ukubhekana nenkinga yezimpande.
Kunabazali abacabanga ukuthi uma ingane ithukuthele kungenxa yokuthi inenkinga yegunya futhi kufanele ube ngqongqo kakhulu kuye, kepha lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Ngendlela efanayo, ingane encane engazi ukuthi izothula kanjani akusho ukuthi inenkinga yokungabi namandla noma ukunakwa. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kwezingane, ukuxilongwa kanye namalebula kufanele kugcinwe okungenani.
Yini inkinga yokuziphatha
Ukuphazamiseka kwethemu kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha ezinganeni ezineminyaka engama-5 ubudala futhi uma sezineminyaka yobudala, ukufaneleka kufanele kubuzwe. Izinkinga lapho izingane zineminyaka engu-0 kuye kwengu-6 azikhombisi njalo ukuthi zizoba nezinkinga empilweni yabantu abadala noma ukuthi izinkinga zokuziphatha ziwubufakazi benkinga yangempela. Kunokukhathazeka ngokuhlukanisa okujwayelekile nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi soshintsho olusheshayo entuthukweni. Kungcono ukuthi ube nendlela elandelanayo yokulawula izinkinga zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo kuleli qembu leminyaka.
Izinkinga zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo ebuntwaneni bokuqala
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 izothola ukuxilongwa kwesifo esibi sokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, bangaqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zesifo esingatholwa kamuva ebuntwaneni. Lokhu kungafaka:
- Ukunakwa kokushoda kokungasebenzi kahle (ADHD)
- Isifo sokuphikisa esiphikisayo (TOD)
- I-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
- Ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka
- Ukudana
- Ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar
- Izinkinga zokufunda
- Ukuphazamiseka kolimi
- Izinkinga zokuziphatha
Isibonelo, ukuphikisana okuphikisayo okuphikisayo, kufaka phakathi ukuqhuma kwentukuthelo, okujwayele ukuqondiswa kubantu abasegunyeni. Kepha ukuxilongwa kuncike ekuziphatheni okuhlala ngokuqhubekayo izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza kwengane. Isifo sokuziphatha ukuxilongwa okungathi sína kakhulu futhi kufaka phakathi isimilo umuntu angasithatha njengesinonya, kwabanye abantu nasezilwaneni. Lokhu kungafaka udlame lomzimba ngisho nemisebenzi yobugebengu, izindlela zokuziphatha ezingavamile kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka yobudala esenkulisa.
Okwamanje, i-autism empeleni iyizinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta izingane ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isimilo, ezenhlalo kanye nokuqonda. Zibhekwa njengokuphazamiseka kwemizwa futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga zokuziphatha, izimpawu zingaqala zisencane.
Izinkinga zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo
Okungenzeka kakhulu kunesinye salezi zimo zokwelashwa ezingenhla ukuthi ingane yakho encane ibhekene nenkinga yesikhashana yokuziphatha kanye / noma engokomzwelo. Eziningi zalezi zidlula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zidinga ukubekezela nokuqonda okuvela kubazali.
Kwezinye izimo, ukwelulekwa ngaphandle kuyaqinisekiswa futhi kungasebenza ekusizeni izingane ukubhekana nezingcindezi ngempumelelo. Uchwepheshe angasiza ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde ukulawula ulaka lwayo, ukuthi ilawule kanjani imizwa yayo, nokuthi izidingida kanjani izidingo zayo ngempumelelo. Ngezizathu ezisobala, ukwelapha izingane kuleli banga kunengxabano.
Ukukhulisa Impumelelo Yengane
Izitayela zokuba ngumzali akuvamile ukuthi zibekwe icala ngezinkinga zokuziphatha kobuntwana, kuphela indlela yokuziphatha budedengu yokuba ngumzali engachaza ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kwengane, yize lokhu kungahlolwa nguchwepheshe kuphela. Uma ufuna usizo lokuxazulula izinkinga zokuziphatha kwezingane zakho, indlela enhle yokuxazulula inkinga ngosizo lwangaphandle. Noma kunjalo, abazali banendima ebalulekile ekwelapheni izinkinga zokuziphatha ezingaba khona zisencane.
Izici zobungozi bokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha ezinganeni
Izimbangela ezingaholela ezinkingeni zokuziphatha azaziwa, kepha ezinye zezinto eziyingozi zifaka:
- Ubulili: Abafana banamathuba amaningi okuthi kunamantombazane ahlupheke ngokuziphatha. Akucaci ukuthi ngabe imbangela ingeyofuzo noma ixhunywe kokuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi.
- Ukukhulelwa nokulethwa: ukukhulelwa okunzima, ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esincane kwezinye izimo kungaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni okuyinkinga enganeni kamuva empilweni.
- Isimo: izingane okunzima ukuziphatha, ezinesizotha noma nolaka kusukela besebancane maningi amathuba okuthi bahlakulele ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kamuva empilweni.
- Impilo yomndeni: ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kungenzeka kakhulu emindenini engasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, ingane isengozini enkulu emindenini lapho udlame lwasekhaya, ubumpofu, amakhono okuba umzali ampofu, noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa kuyinkinga.
- Ubunzima bokufunda: Izinkinga zokufunda nokubhala zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinkinga zokuziphatha.
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo: izingane ezinokukhubazeka kwengqondo zinamathuba aphindwe kabili okuba nenkinga yokuziphatha.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchopho: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izindawo zobuchopho ezilawula ukunakwa zibonakala zingasebenzi kangako ezinganeni ezine-ADHD.
Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa
Ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okuphazamisayo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungafaka izinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezisebenza ngokuhlangana. Isibonelo, ingane ekhombisa ukungaziphathi kahle ingahle ibe ne-ADHD, ukukhathazeka, ukudangala, kanye nokuphila komndeni okunzima.
Izindlela zokuxilonga zingabandakanya:
- Ukuxilongwa ngesevisi ekhethekile, engafaka phakathi udokotela wezingane, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma udokotela wezifo zengqondo wengane
- Izingxoxo ezinzulu nabazali, izingane nothisha.
- Izinhla zokuhlola noma imibuzo yemibuzo ejwayelekile.
Ukuxilongwa kuyenziwa uma indlela yokuziphatha kwengane ihlangabezana nenqubo yokuphazamiseka kokuziphatha okuphazamisayo. Kubalulekile ukukhipha izingcindezi ezinzima ezingashintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwengane. Isibonelo, umzali ogulayo noma isisulu sezinye izingane kungaba umthwalo ushintsho oluzumayo ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile kwengane futhi lezi zinto kufanele zicatshangelwe ekuqaleni.
Mayelana nokwelashwa, kuzoba uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ocabanga ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha olufanele ngokuya ngohlobo lokuxilongwa. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukwenziwa izinto eziningi futhi kuncike ekuphazamisekeni okuthile nasezintweni ezinikelayo, kepha kungafaka: imfundo yobuzali, ukwelashwa komndeni, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo, ukuphathwa kwemizwa, imithi, njll.