"I-Baroque" ithathwa njengesikhathi esisuka ku-XVII siye ku-VXIII lapho kube khona ushintsho lwamasiko endleleni yokubabaza nokubona ubuciko nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwayo, okungukuthi, zombili izincwadi, ukubaza, umculo, itiyetha noma izinkondlo.
Kulomcimbi, besifuna ukugcizelela izinkondlo zobuciko, sikulethele ezinye izinkondlo zobuciko lokho kwaba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu ngalezo zikhathi nokuthi nanamuhla kuyaqhubeka ukujabulela ukuthandwa.
Ngokuyinhloko, kule nkathi ngemuva kobuciko be-Renaissance, umuntu ugxila ekwakheni ubuciko obukhombisa ukudumala nokungabi nathemba njengendlela yokubona impilo, okungukuthi, abaculi bakhuthazwa ngumqondo wokuthi umhlaba ugcwele izinkolelo-mbumbulu zomhlaba. Lapho eSpain, izwe elidume kakhulu lomnyakazo, ukwehluleka kufinyelele embusweni futhi kwaqeda ubukhosi bamakhosi okugcina eNdlu yase-Austria (uFelipe IV noCarlos II).
Sikukhombisa lezi zinkondlo eziyi-12 zeBaroque
Izinkondlo zamaBaroque zimboze inqwaba yamatimu abhalwe okokuqala ngama-lyrically. Yize "uthando" futhi lwaluyisihloko esivamile kule nkathi, abaculi babegxile kakhulu kuzingqikithi zomphakathi, ezenkolo nezefilosofi.
Phakathi kwe izimbongi ezivelele kakhulu zobuciko, singathola Luis de Góngora, Francisco de Quevedo, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Giambattista Marino, Andreas Gryphius, Daniel Casper Von Lohenstein, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Tirso Molina, Torquato Tasso, John Milton, Gregório de Matos Guerra , Bento Teixeira nabanye abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ngezansi sizokukhombisa ezinye zezinkondlo ezihamba phambili zeBaroque.
1. Yiqhwa lomlilo, umlilo oqandisiwe
Ishisa iqhwa, umlilo oqandisiwe
kuyisilonda esibuhlungu nesingazwakali,
kuhle ukuphupha, isipho esibi,
kuyikhefu elifushane elidinisayo.Kungukubhekwa okusinakekelayo,
igwala elinegama elinesibindi,
ukuhamba ngesizungu phakathi kwabantu,
uthando ukuthandwa kuphela.Kuyinkululeko eboshiwe
okuhlala kuze kube yi-paroxysm yokugcina,
isifo esikhulayo uma silashwa.Le ngane kaThando, lena kwalasha yakho.
Bheka ukuthi uzoba nobungani obunjani nalutho
ophikisana naye kukho konke!Author: UFrancisco de Quevedo
2. Misa isithunzi ...
Yima, isithunzi sokuhle kwami okungafinyeleleki,
isithombe sesipelingi engisithanda kakhulu,
inkohliso enhle engifela yona ngenjabulo,
inganekwane emnandi engihlala kuyo.Uma uzibuthe wokubonga kwakho, ukhanga,
khonza isifuba sami sensimbi elalelayo,
Kungani ungenza ngithande ukuthopha
uma kufanele ungigcone lapho bese ubaleka?Kepha awukwazi ukuba ne-blazon, wanelisekile,
ukuthi ubushiqela bakho bunqobe kimi:
ukuthi yize ushiya isibopho esincane ugconwaukuthi ifomu lakho elihle liboshwe,
akunandaba ukuklolodela izingalo nesifuba
uma inganekwane yami ikubaza ejele.Author: Sr. Juana Inés de la Cruz
3. I-sonnet ingitshela ukuthi ngenze i-Violante
I-sonnet ingitshela ukuthi ngenze iViolante,
ukuthi empilweni yami ngizibone sengisenkingeni enkulu;
amavesi ayishumi nane athi yi-sonnet,
ukuklolodela ukubhuqa hamba abathathu phambili.
Ngangicabanga ukuthi angitholi ongwaqa
Futhi ngiphakathi kwamanye amane
kepha uma ngizibona ngiku-triplet wokuqala,
akukho lutho kuma-quartet olungisabisayo.
nge-triplet yokuqala engiyingenayo,
futhi kubonakala sengathi ngangena ngonyawo lwesokudla
Qeda ngaleli vesi engilinikezayo.
Sengivele ngingowesibili futhi ngisasola
Ngifunda amavesi ayishumi nantathu aphela:
ubale uma kukhona eziyishumi nane futhi kuyenziwa.Author: I-Lope de Vega
4. Ezimbali
Lezi ezaziwubukhazikhazi nenjabulo
ukuvuka entathakusa,
ntambama bayoba nesihawu esiyize
ukulala ezandleni zobusuku obubandayo.Lo hue odelela isibhakabhaka,
Iris enemigqa yegolide, iqhwa nobomvu,
kuzoba yisibonelo sempilo yomuntu:
Kuningi okwenziwayo ngosuku olulodwa!Ukuqhakaza ama-rose asheshe avuka,
kwathi ekugugeni bachuma.
embhedeni nasethuneni ngenkinobho etholakele.Amadoda anjalo umcebo wabo wabona:
ngosuku olulodwa bazalwa futhi baphelelwa yisikhathi;
ukuthi edlule emakhulwini eminyaka, amahora ayekhona.Author: UPedro Calderon de la Barca
5. Kumdwebi weFlemish, ngenkathi ependa isithombe sakhe
Uyantshontsha ukukhulekelwa kwami futhi kulapho emukweleta kakhulu
kubhulashi lakho, kabili pilgrim,
womoya ophilayo ilineni elifushane
ngemibala ephuza ukoma,umlotha oyize ngiyesaba ilineni elifushane,
ngicabanga ukulingiswa kodaka,
kubani, noma ngabe kuhlangene noma kungokwaphezulu,
impilo yamnika ubukhazikhazi obuyisimungulu.OweZizwe waseBelgium, qhubeka nokweba okuhle;
lowo mlilo uzothethelela udaba lwawo,
nesikhathi sizokushaya indiva ukuthungwa kwaso.Amakhulu eminyaka lapho i-oki linamaqabunga alo,
isihlahla sizibala njengezithulu, isiqu singaboni;
Noma ngubani obona kakhulu, ozwa kakhulu, uhlala kancane.Umbhali: Luis de Góngora
6. Indoda enekhala elikhulu
Ngesinye isikhathi indoda yafaka ikhala,
ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona ikhala eliphakeme kakhulu,
ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona ikhala le-sayón bese ubhala,
Ngesinye isikhathi kunenkemba enentshebe kakhulu.Kwakuyisundial ebhekene kabi,
kanye phezu kwe-altare elicabangayo,
kwakukhona ubuso bendlovu phezulu,
U-Ovidio Nasón ukhulunywe kakhulu.Ngesinye isikhathi ngesikebhe somkhumbi,
kanye phezu kombhoshongo eGibhithe,
iziNhlanga eziyishumi nambili zamakhala zazikhona.Kanye phezu kwekhala elingapheli,
ikhala elingaka, ikhala linolaka
ukuthi ebusweni buka-Anas kwakuyicala.Author: UFrancisco de Quevedo
7. Lapho ngicabanga ukuthi ukukhanya kwami kuyaphela kanjani
Lapho ngicabanga ukuthi isibani sami siphela kanjani
Ngakho kungekudala kulo mhlaba omnyama nobanzi
Futhi lelo talente okuwukufa ukufihla
Kuhlala kimi, akusizi ngalutho; nakuba umphefumulo wami ukhotheme
Ukuze ngikhonze uMdali wami, futhi ngimethule kuye
Nginecala lami futhi ngiyakwazisa
Yimuphi umsebenzi azowuthumela njengoba engiphike isibani?
Ngibuza ngothando. Kepha ukubekezela, ukuvimbela
Lokho kukhononda, ngokushesha kuyaphendula: "UNkulunkulu akadingi
Akuwona umsebenzi womuntu noma izipho zakhe: okungcono
Sekela ijoka lakho elilula umsebenzela kangcono. Igunya lakho
Kuhloniphekile; izinkulungwane zigijimela ocingweni lwakho
Futhi bahamba umhlaba nolwandle ngaphandle kokuphumula.
Kepha kuyasiza futhi kulabo abami bodwa abalindile.Author: John Milton
8. Gallant uhlala
Vumela uthando lukuveze manje.
Ngokububula kwami vumela ukuvuvukala.
Ungabe usalala, isidalwa esiyengayo,
Impilo ilele ngaphandle kothando.Ungakhathazeki. Endabeni yothando
ububi obuningi buba bobubi obuhlushwayo.
Lapho kukhona uthando nenhliziyo ikhala,
ububi ngokwabo buhlobisa izinsizi zabo.Ububi bothando buqukethe ukukufihla;
Ukukugwema, khulumela mina.
Lo nkulunkulu uyakwesabisa, uyathuthumela lapho umbona ...
Kepha ungenzi imfihlakalo yothando.Ingabe kukhona usizi olumnandi ngaphezu kothando?
Ngabe kungatholakala umthetho owengeziwe wethenda?
Ukuthi kubusa ngazo zonke izinhliziyo,
uthando lubusa kwelakho njengenkosi.Zinikele-ke, o, sidalwa sasezulwini;
unikeza umyalo wothando oludlulayo.
Thanda ngenkathi ubuhle bakho buhlala,
leso sikhathi siyadlula futhi asibuyi futhi!Author: UJean-Baptiste Poquelin (Moliere)
9. Qhathanisa othandekayo wakho kuze kuse
Lapho ukuphuma kokusa nobuso bakhe bubukeka
esibukweni samaza; ngizwa
amahlamvu aluhlaza ahlebeza emoyeni;
njengoba esifubeni sami inhliziyo iyabubula.Ngiphinde ngibheke i-aurora yami; futhi uma kungijikela
ukubukeka okumnandi, ngifa ngokweneliseka;
Ngibona amafindo okuthi ekubalekeni ngiyahamba kancane
futhi lokho kwenza igolide lingabe lisathandwa.Kepha elangeni elisha esibhakabhakeni esithule
ayichithi i-skein ishisa kangaka
Umngane omuhle kaTiton onomona.Njengezinwele zegolide ezicwazimulayo
leyo mihlobiso nemiqhele ebunzini elineqhwa
okususe kuye ukuphumula kwakhe esifubeni sami.Author: I-Torquato Tasso
10. Ububi
Yimina eminyakeni edlule
Ngahlabelela ngehabhu lami lokuthuka
Ukuxakeka kweBrazil, imikhuba emibi nokukhohlisa.Futhi ngikuphumuze isikhathi eside,
Ngicula futhi ngehabhu elifanayo,
ukukhishwa okufanayo kusihlakala esihlukile.Futhi ngizwa sengathi kuyangishisa futhi kuyangikhuthaza
UTalía, oyingelosi yami engigadayo
ngoba wathumela uPhoebus ukuthi angisizeAuthor: UGregório de Matos Guerra
11. E-altare laseSanta Teresa
Lowo ombona ngesihe, elangabini, ekubalekeni,
lima phansi, elangeni, enyonini yomoya,
I-Argus yezinkanyezi, umkhumbi olingisiwe,
Amafu ayanqoba, umoya uyaphuka uthinte isibhakabhaka.Ngakho-ke yingqungquthela yaseKarmeli
ubukeke uthembekile, umnene uhlala futhi ungcwaba ithole,
ngokumncoma okuyisimungulu ukhombisa i-süave
uthando olumsulwa, ukholo nje, intshiseko yokuzinikela.Oh isonto lokulwa, liphephile
unyathela umhlaba, umoya uvutha, useyili wasolwandle,
nabashayeli bezindiza abaningi uhulumeni wakho uyabathemba!Ukunqoba kwaphakade, yima uqinile, uphile umsulwa;
ukuthi vele kulelikhala olibonayo ligcwele amanzi
icala lokungathembeki, iphutha elimbumbulu, ukuhlubuka okungaboni.Author: UPedro Calderon de la Barca
12. Amashwa okuphoqwa
Amashwa okuphoqiwe,
Futhi imboni evela ku-corsair,
Ibanga ukusuka endaweni
Nomusa kaFortune,
Lokho ngemilomo yomoya
Ngibanike usizo
Ngokumelene neziphambano zamaKristu
Ezinyangeni zase-Ottoman,
Zenziwe ngamehlo
Cindezela kwabaphoqelekile kuze kube yisikhathi
Izwe elimnandi, abangane bekhandlela,
Amathemba nenhlanhla.Buyisa-ke, amehlo adabukile
Ukubona ukuthi ulwandle lumntshontsha kanjani
Imibhoshongo, ikunike amafu,
Amakhandlela, futhi anikeze amagwebu.Futhi ukubona okuningi kuthokozile
Ekufuthekeni okukhulu,
Ehla izinyembezi uthi
Njengokubaba okuningi:
Ngikhononda ngobani ngokuphela okuhle kangaka,
Uma ngisiza umonakalo wami ngesigwedlo sami?«Ungalindeli ukubona amehlo ami,
Awu manje abawubonanga
Ngaphandle kwalokhu gwedla izandla zakho,
Nezinyawo ngaphandle kwalezinsimbi,
Ukuthi kuleli bhadi lami
UFortune ungitholile
Yayinjani iminyaka yami
Kuningi okuzoba ukuhlushwa kwami.Ngikhononda ngobani ngokuphela okuhle kangaka,
Uma ngisiza umonakalo wami ngesigwedlo sami?
Amakhandlela Ezenkolo,
Hlola isibindi sakho,
Ungasifinyelela kabi kangakanani
Yebo, uzama ikhambi lami.Isitha siyakushiya
Futhi umenzele isikhathi
Ngenkululeko yakho hhayi kangako
Kungakanani ukuthunjwa kwami.Ngikhononda ngobani ngokuphela okuhle kangaka,
Uma ngisiza umonakalo wami ngesigwedlo sami?
Hlala e-Achaean Beach,
Kusuka emicabangweni yami;
Khononda ngephutha lami
Futhi ungasoli umoya.Nawe, ukububula kwami okumnandi,
Phula umoya ovuthayo
Vakashela unkosikazi wami omuhle,
Futhi olwandle lwase-Algiers ngikulindile. »
Ngikhononda ngobani ngokuphela okuhle kangaka,
Uma ngisiza umonakalo wami ngesigwedlo sami?Author:ULuis de Gongora
Siyethemba ukuthi lezi zinkondlo zamaBaroque zikuthandile. Njengokuthi wazi noma iyiphi enye inkondlo ofuna ukuyaba, sikumema ukuthi usebenzise imibono.