ne for ukuqonda kangcono uhlelo lolimi Uhlobo ngalunye lwetheksthi luhlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuqukethwe yilo, insiza ephikisayo iyadingeka ekuhlelweni kwezakhi zemibhalo ukuze ukuqonda kwayo kusheshe kakhulu.
Ukuhlaziywa kombhalo ngamunye yilokho okuzonquma ukuthi uhleleke kahle yini ngokuya ngohlobo lwawo futhi ukwazi ukwenza izindlela zokucwaninga zisebenze kangcono kakhulu kumcwaningi.
Yini imithombo ehlukanisayo?
Angamasu enhlangano okuhlaziya izakhi zemibhalo ezahlukahlukene, cishe zonke izinhlobo zamatheksthi zingezohlobo oluthile lwensiza ephikisayo, ukusebenza kwalawa masu ukuthi umfundi angajwayela inhloso yombhali wombhalo.
Ngokulandelayo, iyasiza Ukuqonda ukufunda ngokwesakhiwo salo. Ngokuvamile, isisetshenziswa ngasinye esihlukanisayo sihambisana nesisetshenziswa se-prosodic, esibhekiswa kwezinye izinto zokufunda ezinjengephimbo nokucindezeleka.
Kokunye ukuhleleka kwemibono, igama elithi insizakusebenza libhekise esimweni somqondo nokuzithoba umlobi ngamunye okufanele axhumane naso nomfundi, lapho kufakwa khona izisho ezahlukahlukene ezixhumene ngqo namasiko nezindawo zenhlalo umlobi angaphansi kwazo. lomsebenzi.
Izinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza
Vele, isisetshenziswa ngasinye sichazwa ngokuya ngemisebenzi yemibhalo ebabumbayo, ukuqonda kangcono nokwehlukanisa izinsizakusebenza ezihlukanisayo kusuka kuma-prosodic, sihlele uhlu olulandelayo:
1. Isifaniso
Kususelwa ekuqhathaniseni nezinto ezithile ezikhona kanye nempikiswano esemqoka, inhloso yalesi senzo ukwenza lula ukuqonda komfundi noma komlaleli.
Akufanele wenze iphutha lokudida umqondo "wokufanisa" nalowo "wesibonelo", ngoba owokuqala ujwayele ukwenza qhathanisa ngokusekelwe esisekelweni noma embonweni ofanayo, kanti eyesibili, isebenzisa amaqiniso aqinisekisekayo ayisampula kakhonkolo aqinisekisa ukuqhathanisa nombhalo.
2. Ukuqokwa
Zisetshenziselwa ukunika imvume ekucabangeni kombhali othile, okusho ukuthi, izingcaphuno kufanele zisetshenziswe njengephimbo legama elidumile noma ibinzana elishiwo ngumbhali othile.
Inhloso yekhotheshini ukuthi ikwazi ukunikeza ukubaluleka nokwethembeka empikiswaneni eyenza impikiswano.
Isibonelo, umbhali ofuna thuthukisa isihloko esithile sesayensi, kufanele ucaphune emibhalweni yakho isilinganiso esivela kusosayensi odumile noma cha, esikhuluma ngesihloko esifanayo lowo ophikisana naye afuna ukusichaza, ngokuya ngalokhu, angakwazi ukuzivikela kangcono ingxabano yakhe ethi, kumaqiniso kakhonkolo.
3. Incazelo
Isetshenziselwa ukuphikisana komqondo, ikakhulukazi ekuchazeni imiqondo ethile, isibonelo esicacile senzeka lapho umuntu ophakamisa impikiswano kufanele akhombise ulwazi olutholwe endaweni nokuthi kungani kubalulekile ukuzindla ngengxabano yakhe, ngakho kungenza okuningi kucace umbono wakho.
4. Isibonelo
Enye yezinsizakusebenza ezibukwayo kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwemibhalo; esikhathini samanje kuyasiza ukwenza ukuqonda komfundi kube umsebenzi olula kakhulu.
Isisetshenziswa esidingeka kakhulu ngendlela yesimanjemanje esifanele incazelo yezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke
5. Ukuphenywa ngemibuzo
Isetshenziselwa ukukwazi ukuphakamisa izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngesihloko okukhulunywa ngaso, ngakho-ke umbhali nomfundi bangabanika izimpendulo zemibuzo ezayo ehlobene nencazelo yombhalo.
Ngophenyo olufunayo buza impikiswano nolwazi lomfundi, leli qiniso livusa kuye isidingo sokubanjwa ngomlando.
6. Ukuhlaziywa kwenkulumo
Lesi senzo sisho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufundwe ngombhalo othile. Ngokuyinhloko ukuhlaziywa kwendlela ulimi olusetshenziswa ngayo embhalweni.
I-linguistics esetshenzisiwe, i-rhetoric, i-pragmatics, i-stylistics kanye ne-linguistic linguistics yizincazelo ezenziwe enkulumweni.
6.1 Izinhlobo zokuhlaziywa kwenkulumo
Kunezici ezahlukahlukene noma izinhlobo zokuhlaziywa kwenkulumo, ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ebucayi noma ukuhlaziywa kuhlotshaniswa nencazelo, umqondo usengcupheni ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusebenza kombono obucayi. Imiphumela yophenyo kufanele yenze impikiswano yomuntu ivivinywe ngokuphelele.
Ikhwalithi yenkulumo esetshenzisiwe ukudlulisa impikiswano kufanele ibe ngqo, ukuze iqhubeke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengokuvumelekile.
Ziyini izinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic?
Ngokungafani nezinsizakusebenza ezilahlayo, izinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic zingamathuluzi ezisetshenziswa ngabantu dlulisa ulwazi ngomlomo nangokunembile.
Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lusetshenziswa kakhulu yizinkampani kanye nabacabangayo abakhulu ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nabantu abaningi abazilawulayo ezicini ezithile.
Futhi empilweni yansuku zonke yomuntu ojwayelekile, izinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic zisiza kakhulu ukukwazi ukubhekisa kwabanye ngendlela eyiyo neqondile ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezifanele zokuxhumana.
Zisetshenziselwa ukufunda umbhalo ngokuzwakalayo noma ukumane zikwazi ukwethula izingxabano kahle nangokuqondile.
Ziyini izinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic?
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho leli gama lisho zonke izindlela zokuxhumana ezibandakanya ama-kinesics noma ulimi olungakhulumi.
Isimo sengqondo, ukuzethemba nokuzethemba nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwalezi zinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza. Umuntu onalezi zici ezinhle unethuba elikhulu lokuphumelela uma kuziwa ukuxhumana nabantu besithathu.
Vele, ukubaluleka abakunikeza ezidingweni zabo zokuxhumana nesikhathi abasitshala ekuzifundeni kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufanele kwezinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic.
Njengoba kuzo zonke izingxenye zempilo zizodingeka, kakhulu ezingeni lomsebenzi, lapho uchwepheshe kufanele ethule imibono yabo ekhonkolo nenembile ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso ezihambisana nesimo abakuso.
Ngokweqile ngokomzwelo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bangenza lula ubudlelwano babantu ngokubenza bakwazi ngokwengeziwe emphakathini ukuveza imizwa nemicabango ngokwesikhathi abahlala kuso, ngamafuphi, kusiza abantu ukuthi babe nokuhlangana ukuze baziveze.
Izinhlobo zezinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic
Ukuze ube nombono ocacile futhi onembe kakhudlwana ngomehluko izinsiza eziphikisayo ezinazo kusukela kuzinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic, kufanele wazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinsizakusebenza ze-prosodic:
1. Ukubizelwa
Ukwehluka kwethoni yezwi maqondana nemizwa noma imicabango okumele iqondise umyalezo ngesikhathi esithile sengxoxo noma sokufundwa.
Ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana nomlayezo, imisindo yezwi ehlukile kufanele isetshenziswe, ihluke ngokuhlukahluka okufanayo ukuze ukucaciseleka nokwamukelwa kube ngcono.
Isibonelo, izinkondlo azikwazi ukufakwa ngezwi elinamandla futhi elinodlame uma okuqukethwe kwenkondlo kunothando futhi kumnandi.
El ivolumu yezwi nokuqina noma ukuthamba kwamagama kuhambisana nendlela yokubiza amagama.
2. Umzwelo
Le nto ingafinyelela ekutheni umphikisi adale ukuzwelana nomphakathi abhekise kuye, umuzwa isikhulumi esihlangabezana nawo usengozini ngokusho kwemizwa nengqondo anayo ngaleso sikhathi.
3. Ivolumu
Umthamo ofanele wokuphimisela kwemisho eyahlukene uzonquma ukuthi inkulumo noma inkulumo iphumelele yini noma cha.
Ulimi oludluliswa ngethoni yezwi hhayi ngokuhambisana nomlayezo, isikhathi nendawo alunakwa ngokuphelele ngabantu abalalelayo.
4. Isichazamazwi
La ukuphinyiselwa ngqo kwamagamaIndlela incwadi ngayinye eshiwo ngayo ngokwegama layo ibalulekile ukuze umyalezo oqondile ufinyelele kumthumeli; ISpanish, ingesinye sezilimi ezicebe kunawo wonke emhlabeni, sinikeza umuntu izindlela ezinhle zokuveza imizwa nemicabango ngayinye, kepha-ke kukhona amagama afanayo ngokwefonetiki, kepha incazelo yawo ihluke ngokuphelele kolunye.
Kungakho isichazamazwi esiqondile nesephuza kancane sizonquma ukusebenza kokuxhumana, kokubili okukhiphayo futhi kufanele kubandakanyeke ngqo emcabangweni oyinhloko wombhalo noma ukulandisa.
5. Ukuphindaphinda
Usetshenziswa lapho umyalezo ungakafiki ngokuphelele emphakathini noma lapho umthumeli efuna ukuveza impikiswano yakhe ngendlela ejulile.
6. Ukucaciswa
Yizinkomba eziqondile zalokho okushiwoyo, futhi kuyindlela engcono yokuchaza imibono futhi futhi unamandla okubuyela empikiswaneni enkulu ngaphandle kokuthi umlaleli aphazanyiswe enhlosweni yesikhulumi.
7. Isingathekiso
Izingathekiso ziyasiza ukwazi ukuzenza ukuqhathanisa kwefilosofi ezihlobene nesihloko esikhulu. Konke kuncike kubalaleli isingathekiso esibhekiswe kubo, isibonelo, izethameli eziqukethe abantu abadala abasebasha zingenza ukudluliswa komyalezo kuboniswe kuzingathekiso zisebenze.
Kodwa-ke, uma izethameli zincane kakhulu futhi zikhululeke kakhudlwana, ukusetshenziswa kwesingathekiso kungaba yisiphazamiso emyalezweni okukhulunywa ngawo, kubangele ukuthi umthumeli alahlekelwe ngumucu wengxabano yakhe.
Ukuthola incazelo emfushane yesifaniso, kungafundwa izibonelo ezinjengalezi: “uthando lufana nomculo, uma ugona othandekayo uzwa imisindo yokuthinta, izwi lakhe nemfudumalo yakhe kuyizinketho eziphephela kimi isifuba ”. Ngokwako, ukwangana akukwazi ukukhuthaza noma yimuphi umculo kumuntu owamukelayo, kungasaphathwa ukuthi izwi nokushisa okukhishwa ngumzimba womuntu ogonayo kungaveza imisindo noma imiculo; kuyindlela nje yokuveza imizwa ngobuhle.
I-8 Ukuqhathanisa
Benza kube lula ukuthi umthumeli awudlulise lo myalezo ucace bha futhi uqonde ngokwengeziwe ngokuthwebula izithombe asevele azi engqondweni yomlaleli, ukuze owesibili abe nomqondo ongcono wengxabano yomkhiqizi wakhe.
9. Amahaba
Kungamahaba asetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni ngomlomo ukuze kudale umthelela omningi ngomyalezo ozothunyelwa, ngakho-ke umbonisi uqinisekisa ukuthi impikiswano yakhe ibonakala engqondweni yomlaleli, okwenza kube nomphumela ofana nowokuqhathanisa.
Amadivayisi we-Prosodic afaka ezinye izinto zokukhuluma (izibalo zemibhalo). Umehluko kufanele ucaciswe ukuze ungadideki.