Izitshalo zikhiqiza ukudla kwazo ngokwenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-photosynthesis, njengoba nje izilwane ziyizidalwa eziphilayo futhi zinesibopho ngokusebenzisa i-chlorophyll ukumunca isikhutha futhi zikuguqule kube yi-oxygen. Babaluleke kakhulu kubantu, ngoba bona bakhiqize umoya-mpilo lapho bephefumula okuyinto ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu.
Ngalesi sizathu, izitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ziwuphawu lomonakalo odalwa ngabantu kuleplanethi futhi azithinti bona kuphela, kepha nezigidi zezidalwa ezihlala kuwo. Ngezansi sizokukhombisa amanye amazwe aseLatin anenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezitshalo ezisengozini.
Amazwe aseLatin anezitshalo ezisengozini kakhulu
Ecuador
Ngenani eliphelele lezinhlobo eziyi-1848 zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Leli ngelinye lamazwe anezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimila nezilwane, lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu salo esihle kakhulu somswakama nesishisayo njalo ngenyanga, okuholela ekukhoselweni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kepha futhi, ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kungenye amazwe emhlabeni wonke anezitshalo ezisengozini kakhulu. Njengoba zinjalo:
- IHeliconia (IHeliconia brenner, iHeliconia emnyama, iHeliconia berryi kanye): izinhlobo zezindawo ezishisayo ezinohlobo olungaphezulu kwekhulu sezizonke, yaziwa nangokuthi inyoni yepharadesi neplatanillo.
- Amafeni (I-Filicinae, i-taxon, i-Polypodiophyta, i-Pterophyta ne-ilicopsida).
- Isi-Lauraceae (I-Aniba pilosa): isitshalo esiqhakazayo esiseqenjini laseLaureles, esinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3500 55 nomkhakha wezinhlobo ezingama-XNUMX, okungokwezitshalo ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa e-Ecuador.
- Amajikijolo (Pseudolmedia manabiensis): ngaphezu kokuba nezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezaziwayo kuleli, sezivele zisengozini yokuqothulwa, yize imbangela yalokhu ingaziwa, amapaki kazwelonke ayihlobanisa nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi.
Brasil
Njengoba kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-516 ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ziphethwe, leli ngelinye lamazwe athathwa, njengoluhlaza kunazo zonke emhlabeni, lokhu kungenxa yezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakala e-Amazon. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi iBrazil ingena emazweni nezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu, njenge-equator, kungenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukuthengisa okungekho emthethweni nokungcola. Kuzokhulunywa ngalezi zitshalo ezilandelayo:
- I-Giant Bromeliad: Isitshalo esikhulu esihle kakhulu somndeni wakwaBromeliad, odabuka eBrazil, kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ukufinyelela usayizi oyifunayo, sithandwa kakhulu ezingadini futhi lokhu kungenxa yombala osabekayo nombala oluhlaza okotshani wamaqabunga aso.
- Ama-orchid noma ama-orchid: isitshalo esivezwa yinkimbinkimbi yezimbali zaso ngoba sisebenza ngendlela yemvelo nesikhunta nezinyosi ezithutha impova, sizifungela futhi sizenzele izakhamzimba. Lesi yisitshalo se-parasitic esifunelwa ukushushumbisa nokuthengisa kwamanye amazwe ngokungemthetho.
Colombia
Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezingama-245 zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ziphathwa, lokhu kubonakala ngokuba nezinhlaka, ezinamahlathi aswakeme, futhi kunezindawo ezingama-savanna, amahlathi, izindawo ezishisayo nezinobungozi, izindawo zokuhlala ezinamandla okwakha izindlu ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-60.000 izitshalo emazweni ayo amahle. Kepha njengakuwo wonke amazwe aseLatin ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuyenziwa futhi akukho kwaziswa ngezimbali. Ezinye zezitshalo ezisengcupheni yokushabalala yilezi:
- I-Pouteria caimito noma ikhumini eligobile: Eyaziwa nangokuthi eBrazil nase-Ecuador ngezithelo zayo ezinamathelayo, iyajatshulelwa futhi idume eColombia ngamagxolo ayo asetshenziselwa ukwenza izindlu, uthango nezindawo zokuhlala. Inokuphakama kwamamitha angama-26. Ngenxa yokugawulwa ngokweqile kwesiqu sayo, kubhekwe njengesilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa.
- Intambo yesundu: Ngaphezu kokuba isihlahla sikazwelonke salokhu, sitholakala ezigodini futhi singalinganiselwa ku-2.5 ubude, futhi singaba neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-90 yempilo, siyinhlobo evikelekile eColombia, njengoba kubhekwa njengesitshalo kungekudala izophela.
- Ikhumini eligoqiwe noma umgwaqo wasebukhosini: Ifunwa kakhulu eColombia ngekhwalithi yokhuni lwayo, ngoba benza imisebenzi eminingi yokubaza ngesiqu sayo, esimelana namanzi nezinye izinto zezulu. Kuyisihlahla esikhulu esinobubanzi obungu-50 cm namamitha angaphezu kwama-25 ukuphakama.
I-México
Njengoba kunezinhlobo ezingama-382 zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ziphathwa, leli lizwe lithathwa njengelinye lamasimu ane-ecosystem engcono kakhulu, uhulumeni waseMexico wenza umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo ophethe ukukhuthaza ukuvikelwa nokunakekelwa kwezinhlobo ezingama-2500 XNUMX, nokwazisa abantu impilo eluhlaza. Kepha ngendlela efanayo bavezwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okuholela ezitshalweni ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo kugqama:
- I-Mammillaria mathildae: eyaziwa nangokuthi i-cactus, etholakala eMexico. Yaziwa ngameva nezimbali zayo, inesimo se-globose, kubhekwe njengengcuphe yokuqothulwa njengoba ingeyenhlabathi eshisayo futhi ilahlekelwa yindawo yazo yokuhlala.
- ILophophora diffusa noma i-peyote: Endemic, ingeyeqembu le-cacti, umahluko wokuthi ikhula ngamatshe (i-rupicola), ayinayo imiqolo efana ne-Mammillaria mathildae, kunalokho iluhlaza okotshani kakhulu futhi abushelelezi ngombala.
- I-Pterocereus gaumeri: Futhi okungeyeCactus, enobude obungamamitha ayi-4 kuye kwayi-16, ahlala esesimeni sehlathi ngoba akhula ngamaqembu, iyinhlobo enamalungu angaphezu kwayi-9 kuhlobo lwayo, ziyaqhakaza futhi zithele izithelo.
- U-Echinocereus lindsayi: Isici sembali yaso ngoba ingalinganisa ngaphezu kwalesi, futhi zikhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo. Lezi zisetshenziswa futhi njengemihlobiso yezimbali zazo ezinhle, zivela eqenjini le-cacti elinezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 ezaziwayo.
- I-artichoke cactus: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-peyotillo obregonito, uhlobo lwendalo, iyaziwa ukuthi isetshenziswa njengesitshalo somuthi, indlela esetshenziswa njengombono obanzi wokwelapha ama-antibiotic, futhi lokhu sekuholele ekuchithekeni kulo lonke elaseMexico, kusibeka njengesitshalo esisengozini yokushabalala.
Peru
Ngama-318 esewonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini yokuphathwaNgaphezu kokuba izwe elinezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, iPeru inezimbali ezihlukile, ngoba ngasinye sijwayela isimo sezulu ngasinye. Kodwa-ke, banochungechunge lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisongelwayo, phakathi kwazo sine:
- Umhlume: Imfanelo yokuba khona kwayo ngokusobala olwandle, ibekezelela amazinga aphezulu we-saline concentration, ithela izithelo futhi itholakala ogwini lwasePeru, inamagatsha amade angalinganisa ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-16 ukusekela phansi olwandle.
- La Puya Raimondi noma iTitanca de Raimundo: Esasekhaya ePeru naseBolivia, lesi sitshalo singalinganisa kusuka kumamitha ayi-3000 kuye ku-4500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, sivela eqenjini lama-bromeliads futhi isici salo esivelele kakhulu ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyafa lapho sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-100, yize leli qiniso lingakafiki ngokwesayensi kufakazelwe.
- Uzipho lekati: Ekuqaleni yayivela ogwini lwasePeru, ingezitshalo ezinwabuzelayo ezinwabuzelayo, ingakhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-14 ukuphakama futhi ibonakaliswa yimpicabadala yayo yokwelapha, ngoba abantu bomdabu bathi bangaphulukisa noma yisiphi isifo ngalesi sitshalo esiyisimangaliso.
- Isihlahla seQuinine: Yize ivame kakhulu e-Amazon, singayithola nasehlathini lasePeru. Inkulu ngosayizi kepha iyanqoba ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Izitshalo nabantu ziyahambisana, ngoba ziphefumula i-CO2 futhi lapho ziphefumula zakha umoya-mpilo obalulekile empilweni yesintu, kungenxa yazo ukuthi kufanele kuzanywe ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvikela zonke izindawo eziluhlaza, ngoba funa okuhle kuzo zombili izinhlobo.