Izinguquko zezimboni zisho ukuthi ushintsho lokuvela kanye nentuthuko yezenhlalo, ngakho-ke kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizobona ukuthi kusithinta futhi kusizuzise kanjani isintu.
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe inikezwa ngokuxazululwa kwezinkinga umphakathi ovame ukuba nazo, ukwenza lula ukusetshenziswa, ukufinyelela noma ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi ethile obekungeke kwenzeke ukuyenza uma le ntuthuko.
Lezi zinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe zidale umthelela omkhulu emphakathini, maqondana nezohwebo, ukuthuthwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, ukuxhumana kwamazwe omhlaba, naphakathi kokunye okuningi okusunguliwe.
Luyini uguquko lwesibili lwezimboni?
Lokhu kubhekwa njenge- ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu emphakathini, futhi kwenzeka ngekhulu le-1859, phakathi konyaka ka-1914 - XNUMX AD, kusukela lapho inqubo yazo zonke izimboni zamakhemikhali, uwoyela nensimbi yaguqulwa, eyazala izinto namuhla ezidingeka kakhulu, futhi ezibonakala nsuku zonke .
Okunye ukwenziwa kwenguquko yesibili yezimboni eyawuguqula ngokuphelele umqondo wamachweba ezimboni kwakuwukutholwa kwamandla amasha, njengogesi nalowo owanikezwa ngoyela, ukukwazi ukukhiqiza izinjini ezithuthuke kakhulu nezinamandla kunalezo ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi.
Abaningi bakholelwa futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi inguquko yesibili yezimboni iyisigaba nje sesibili senguquko yasekuqaleni yezimboni, ngoba eziningi zezinto ezisunguliwe kungukuthuthuka kwalezo ezadalwa ekuqaleni.
Izici
Lapho kutholwa amandla amasha, kwasungulwa imishini eyahlukene, eyaguqulelwa enkathini entsha yezimboni, futhi engakhiqiza imikhiqizo noma yenze imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifushane kunangendlela endala.
- I- imishini yomusi, ngogesi, ngoba zazisebenza kahle futhi zihlala isikhathi eside, okwenyusa nezinga lokukhiqiza nezinga lezimboni.
- Uhlelo lwezokuthutha lwasungulwa, lwafinyelela ezindaweni ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili, izikebhe zenziwa ngezinto ezingamelana nalutho, futhi kwasungulwa izindlela ezintsha zokuhamba.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesayensi embonini kwakwenziwa radicalised, ngoba kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kuyo.
- Insimbi yaqala ukusetshenziswa, eyayiqine ngaphezu kwensimbi bese yona ishibhile
- Kwenziwa imishini yokuzisebenzela, yehlisa ukusebenza kwabantu, okwakubiza kakhulu, futhi kukhiqize ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi, okudingeka kakhulu namuhla.
Ukusungulwa okuningi okufanele kwenguquko yesibili yezimboni
Ngemuva kokwazi okuthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi kuyini, kanye nezimpawu zayo, singabala izinto ezisunguliwe ezihamba phambili kule nhlangano, iningi lazo ezisadingeka kakhulu kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi ezilandelwe ngandlela-thile. ngezikhathi ezintsha.
Indiza
Ukusungulwa okudumile kwabafowethu bakwaWright, yize babengebona abokuqala ukuwela isibhakabhaka, kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukwenziwa kwabo kwaguqula indlela yokuhamba, kanye nendawo okwenziwa kuyo.
Izindiza zaba nomthelela omkhulu eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, ngoba amazwe ngaleso sikhathi akha amabutho ezindiza, izindiza ezilungele ukuhlasela, ubuka esibhakabhakeni, futhi wenza amaqhinga angakaze abonwe uma kukhulunywa ngempi.
Ukuqanjwa kokuqala okwazile ukundiza kwakuyibhaluni lomoya oshisayo elenziwe ngabazalwane baseMontgolfier nabakwaGiffard, futhi lokhu kungabonakala namuhla, kepha kuphela njengezinto zabavakashi, ezokungcebeleka nezokuzijabulisa.
Indiza namuhla iguquke ngendlela eyisimanga, ikwazi ukuthwala amakhulu abantu ngasikhathi sinye kumamodeli ezentengiselwano futhi ithwala nemithwalo enesisindo esikhulu, okukhombisa ukubaluleka kwalokhu okusungulwayo.
Iphrojekthi yefilimu
Ngezikhathi lapho ezokuzijabulisa zazibiza kakhulu, ngoba imidlalo yayenzelwe abantu abasezingeni eliphezulu kuphela, futhi labo ababengazuzi kangako kwezomnotho babengenalo ithuba lokujabulela ukudlala. Ifilimu idaliwe, ebishibhile kakhulu futhi inazo izinhlobo ezintsha zobuciko nokukhuluma.
Njengamanje umkhakha wamafilimu Ingenye yezinkampani ezikhiqiza imali eningi kanti ama-premieres wamafilimu asezindleleni zabo cishe wonke umuntu, ngoba kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi ejwayelekile umphakathi owazise kakhulu.
Injini yokuqhuma noma yomlilo
Inikwe amandla yi-diesel, ekhiqiza amandla amaningi kakhulu kunezinjini ze-steam, ukudala imishini emisha lokho kuguqulwe kwalokhu, okusebenza isikhathi eside, ngenxa yamandla amakhulu ahlinzekwa yila ma-motors.
Ngenxa yalokhu, sikwazile ukusungula izimboni zezokuthutha, sakha izindlela ezintsha zokuziqeqesha, nemizila emisha, ngoba bezingekho izithiyo eziningi njengalezo ezisebenza nge-steam.
I-telegraph kagesi
Ukuba nezinhlamvu zamagama ezakhe, nendlela eyingqayizivele yokudlulisa imininingwane, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ukufunda kwakuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuxhumana nabantu abasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ababengazicabanga.
Ngalokhu, esungula ukuxhumana kokuqala phakathi kwamazwe amabili, ngaphandle kokuya kubo ngokomzimba, leli qiniso libizwa nangokuthi ukuxhumana kokuqala kwe-transatlantic.
Umsunguli we-telegraph kwakungu-American Samuel Morse, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izinhlamvu zayo ezihlukile zibizwa ngokuthi yi-Morse code, esuselwa emaphuzwini, olayini kanye nasekhefini elithile phakathi kwabo.
Ugesi
Ngenxa yalokhu kutholakala, ukukhanyiswa kwamadolobha kufinyelelwe, lapho ngaphambili abantu kwakudingeka baye emsebenzini ngaphambi kokuba mnyama, ngoba ukuba mnyama kangaka kwaveza izingozi eziningi.
Namuhla ugesi usetshenziselwa cishe yonke imisebenzi yabantu, nakuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Umdali noma owathola ugesi kwakungu "Thomas Edison" ngokwezincwadi, owayefaka izinto kuwo, waze wazuza inhlanganisela ephelele yezinto ezazinikeza impilo kumalambu kagesi ahlala isikhathi eside futhi afinyeleleka emphakathini.
Imoto
Zenzelwe ukuthutha zisuka kumuntu oyedwa ziye ku-5 uma kunesidingo, okokuqala kwasungulwa imoto, eyathola amandla ayo kusuka ku-steam, kepha lokhu akuzange kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu, yabe seyenziwe yaba yinto entsha futhi yathathwa njengokusungulwa kwemboni yesibili inguquko, ngesikhathi sokuthola uphethiloli, nokwakha izinjini ezisebenza nayo.
Njengamanje wonke amadolobha, ngisho amancane kakhulu futhi anabantu abambalwa, anomklamo okhethekile wokuhamba kwezimoto, futhi nezindlu zesimanje, konke okukhulunywa ngakho, kunendawo yokupaka izimoto, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu esibe nalolu hlelo lwezokuthutha.
Izimoto nazo kudingeke ukuthi zivuselele futhi zivumelane nezikhathi zamanje, zivuselele ukwakheka kwazo, induduzo, isivinini, namandla asemkhathini.
Igilamafoni
Kwakungokunye ukusungulwa kwe- UMnu Thomas Edison, Umsebenzi wawo ukukhiqiza kabusha izinto zomculo, ukuzijabulisa kwabasebenzisi.
Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu endimeni yomculo, ngoba njengendikimba yemidlalo yeshashalazi, umculo wawubiza kakhulu futhi wawungafinyeleleki kakhulu kubantu abasezingeni eliphakathi namakilasi abahola kancane, okusho ukuthi lokhu kusungulwa akuqhubekanga nokuba yinkinga, ngenxa ezindlekweni zayo eziphansi zokukhiqiza, zokukhiqiza nezokumaketha.
Ukube lokhu bekungadalwanga, umculo namuhla ubungeke ube yilokho okuyikho, ngoba abasezingeni eliphakathi yibo ababeqhuba ukuhwebelana okukhulu komculo, futhi lokho kwakhuthaza abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe ukuba bafune ukungena kulo mhlaba.
Izingcingo
Enye yezinto ezifanele kakhulu, ngoba yanikela kakhulu kunama-telegraph, ngokwakhiwa kwentuthuko yezokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe, ukukwazi ukuziveza ngokukhululeka ngokungadingi ukufunda ikhodi ekhethekile ukuze ikwazi ukuyisebenzisa.
Ucingo lwalunelungelo lobunikazi ngu-Alexander Graham Bell, yize kungakadluli ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX i-United States yaseNyakatho Melika ikhombisile ukuthi umdali wangempela wale divayisi kwakungumNtaliyane ogama lakhe linguMeucci, owayengenayo imali edingekayo yokwenza ilungelo lakhe lobunikazi okusunguliwe, yingakho uBell aduma ngakho.
Omakhalekhukhwini bavele ngendlela engachazeki kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, sisuka kumafoni amakhulu nasezintambo zasendlini, saba izingcingo eziphathekayo ohamba nazo lapho uya khona, nobuchwepheshe obusha busetshenzisiwe kubo, baze babahlanganisa nabanye. njengekhamera ngokwesibonelo.
Umsakazo
Okuyingxenye yeqembu lezokuxhumana ngokuhlanganyela nocingo kanye ne-telegraph. Lokhu kudlulisa kuphela amasiginali, angahamba esuka kwelinye izwe aye kwelinye futhi naphakathi kwamazwekazi, ebamba iqhaza ekuxhumaneni kokuqala kwezokuxhumana phakathi kweYurophu neMelika.
Umsakazo wawuvela, usetshenziswa ngokubaluleka okukhulu eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, ukukwazi ukuxhumana nesimo samabutho, kanye nokukhombisa ezisekelweni izindawo eziqondile zokwenza ukuhlasela komoya.
Kulezi zinsuku usondelene kakhulu nomculo, nezindaba, kepha futhi kuyingxenye yokuzijabulisa, lapho ungalalela khona yonke inhlobo yemicimbi, efana nezingxoxo, imidlalo yezemidlalo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.