Ngemuva kokuchitha iminyaka yokuqala yempilo yakhe ngokwesaba nokungavikeleki kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, u-Erich Fromm unquma ukuguqula impilo yakhe futhi. Ngaphandle kokungabaza omunye wabamele abamele kakhulu ikhulu elidlule, ukwazile ukuzibeka phakathi kwababhali abafundwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, yena, wayenguMarxist onentshisekelo owayephethe ukunikeza incazelo ehlukile kuNeo-Freudism ngokusungulwa kwesikole sokuqala seNeo-Freudian.
Ungomunye wabacwaningi abafanele kakhulu besikhathi lapho impilo yabo yathatha ithuba elingalindelekile ezikhathini zomlando ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuntu. Ngalokhu nokuningi, kufanele wazi mayelana nge-biography yakhe kanye nemibono ayibambe iqhaza emhlabeni we-psychoanalysis nakwisiko jikelele.
I-biography yakuqala
Ukhulele ekhaya elinabazali ababenobudlelwano obungazinzile, ubaba wakhe wayeyindoda enodlame enesimo esishintsha ngokwedlulele futhi umama wakhe wayezithoba futhi ecindezelekile, zazimbalwa izikhathi lapho angenza khona okuthile ukuvikela impilo yakhe.
Wazalwa futhi ngo-1900 eJalimane, izwe elalizomnika impilo engasebenzi kahle ngokubambisana naleso ayesevele ehola ekhaya nabazali bakhe. Ngaphakathi komoya wempi U-Erich Fromm wachitha iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe enokwesaba nama-phobias ngaphandle nakuye uqobo, lapho ukungazethembi kwakhula khona ngamandla ukuba kuvele kuye aze acishe abe seminyakeni yobudala.
Afakwe endaweni engavumelani nokukhula kwakhe, wanquma ukuncika ekukholweni koninalume bakhe, waba urabi kanye nomalume bakhe. Kungaleso sikhathi abona ngaso, lapho ekwazi ukubona okuningi kakhulu kunanoma imuphi umuntu ojwayelekile endaweni yakhe; Ngenxa yalokho, kamuva wayezokhetha ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuphuma kwesonto kwamsiza waba nakho umbono weqiniso ohlukile kunombono abesenawo ngaphambi kobuntwana bakheKusize kakhulu ukushiya indlu yakhe esontweni njengendlela yokukhululeka ekhejini lapho ayehlala khona.
Ukuzwa okusha kobuntu kungamyisa ezinkomba ezihlukile futhi abe yindoda ekhululekile ngokuqhathaniswa. Ubuntu kanye neMpi Yezwe I kwakuyisisekelo sentsha futhi ekhululayo ukungabaza emikhakheni yokuqonda komuntu, ukucabanga kweningi namandla okudicilela phansi noma imuphi umbono noma indlela yokuziphatha ehlangene ukuze kutholakale ukuthula ngaphakathi kweqiniso lomhlaba wonke.
Izinguquko eziphawulekayo kanye nokusonteka empilweni ka-Erich Fromm
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-20s, eyinsizwa eyunivesithi esencane, uthando lwakhe lokufundisa lwaqala. Ngeziqu zomthetho e-University of Frankfurt and Sociology e-University of Heidelberg.
Olunye ucezu olubalulekile olamsiza ekuthuthukiseni ucwaningo lwakhe Ngokujule kwakunguPsychoanalyst Frieda Reichmann ayengeke ahlale naye isikhathi eside eshadile, noma kunjalo kunendaba emnandi yobungani.
Kuleli qophelo lempilo yakhe lapho abeka khona eceleni isikhathi sakhe njengekholwa bese eba umuntu ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, ethonywe ngokulinganayo umoya wezepolitiki waseBerlin ngaleyo minyaka.
Kungaba unyaka we-1929 lapho eqala ukusebenza njenge-psychoanalyst ukuqeqesha abafundi ababengathathwa "njengodokotela" ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva konyaka, waba nguMqondisi woMnyango Wezengqondo weSikhungo Sokucwaninga Komphakathi, ngasikhathi sinye eqala izifundo zokuqala kumibono kaMarxist.
Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwekazi
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ukusuka kulesi sikhundla kanye nesikhundla esibalulekile ngaphakathi kwe-Institute, uthatha isinqumo sokuyohlala e-United States ngenxa yoshushiso olunamandla oluvela ku-Adolf Hitler, lapho eqala ukuthandwa kakhulu, u-Erich kwadingeka bathuthele eMelika. Ngokulandelanayo, kuthiwa wayenokungezwani okuthile noTheodor Adorno, omunye uthisha esikhungweni esifanayo lapho u-Erich ayenguMqondisi khona.
Ngakho-ke kanye nozakwabo abaningana abavela esikhungweni esifanayo, uqala inkambo entsha ebheke eMelika, okuyindawo lapho umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala futhi obaluleke kakhulu njengososayensi wezengqondo uzozalwa khona, ngaso sonke isikhathi kusekelwe emibonweni nasezisekelweni zikaSigmund Freud.
Waphinde washada ngo-1943 nomuntu waseJalimane ogama lakhe linguHenny Gurland. Ukushada kukaFromm noGurland kwahlala iminyaka emithathu, eyachithwa eCuernavaca, eMexico. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu beshadile, unkosikazi wakhe wesibili washona.
Isungulwe eMexico, ufundisa e-Autonomous University of Mexico njenge psychoanalyst kanye nesayikholoji, indawo efanayo kuzoba yikhaya lakhe lokuqala Isigaba se-Psychoanalysis kudalwe nguye.
Ngeminyaka eminingana yesipiliyoni kanye nesibopho esiphumelelayo nezincwadi, uFromm ushada kabusha no-Annis Glove Freeman, le nyunyana yenze ukuthi uFomm enze esinye isinqumo esibalulekile empilweni yakhe: ukushiya iMarxism ngemuva futhi anqamule ngokuphelele emcabangweni wobusoshiyali.
Ukuhlala eWashington, waba ngumsekeli wezinhlangano ezazilwa neMpi YeVietnam futhi wakhuthazeka kakhulu ngemuva kokushicilela enye yezincwadi zakhe eziphumelele kakhulu "Ubuciko bothando"; UFromm unombono wobuntu nothando kakhulu ngempilo. Lapho umuntu akwazi ukuthanda ngenxa yesimo sakhe sokuphila kepha hhayi ngenxa yesifiso sakhe sokuthola, okuthi ekugcineni kube yi-ego.
Wayenempilo egcwele impumelelo egcwele izincazelo ezingokomzwelo, wangena emhlabeni wezingokomoya kanye nokutadisha kwengqondo yomuntu. Eminyakeni yakhe yama-70s, uthuthela eSwitzerland eyoshona ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili.
Izinhloso zika-Erich Fromm
Ngokuqinile, u-Erich wayenokucatshangelwa kwemiphumela nesimo sengqondo sokuba ngenxa yemiscellany yezenhlalo eyayilungisa isimilo sakhe. Kusukela imvelaphi yomuntu, ngokusho kukaFromm nobuntu, ubekwe esimweni ngokwenqubekela phambili nokuziphatha kwemiphakathi akuyo.
Ngokusho kuka-Erich, umphakathi uyiMacavavellian futhi unomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zokuziphatha ezenziwa umuntu maqondana nosuku lwakhe losuku. Enye ye- izakhiwo eziyinhloko ukusungula ubudlelwano nabantu besithathu, kwakuwuthando nokuhlonipha okuzenzakalelayo; isidingo sokungaphoqeleli omunye umuntu ukuthi "abe."
Ukukhumbula
“Uma umuntu efuna ukwazi ukuthanda, kumele azibeke endaweni yakhe ephezulu. Umshini wezomnotho kumele umsebenzele, esikhundleni sokuthi kube nguye osebenzela yena. Kufanele uziqeqeshe ukuze wabelane ngolwazi, umsebenzi, esikhundleni sokuhlanganyela, ezimeni ezinhle kakhulu, izinzuzo zayo. Umphakathi kumele uhleleke ngendlela yokuthi isimo senhlalo nomuntu sothando singahlukaniswa nobukhona bakhe emphakathini, kepha kunalokho sihlangane naso. " Kucashunwe ku- "The Art of Loving", ikhasi 128.
U-Erich Fromm, wadlula ezimweni eziningi ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo empilweni yakhe yonke, omunye weminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwengqondo nasekufundweni komphefumulo omsulwa ohlala kuwo. Ukudlula esigabeni seMarxism yangaphakathi kuze kube ukufinyelela eqenjini eliphelele layo yonke imfundiso yenhlalo.