Ngokwemvelo, umqondo wezinto eziphilayo wobudlelwano be-interspecies uhlale unikezwa. Okwamanje obaziwa kakhulu ubudlelwano bokufanelana, lapho sibona khona ukuthi a uhlobo noma umzimbanoma inamathiselwe kwenye ngokuvamile engaba nkulu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, zombili izinto eziphilayo zizuza ngandlela-thile noma ngaphezulu ebuhlotsheni ezinabo.
Isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu se-symbiosis kuze kube manje ubuhlobo obuphakathi kobhejane nenyoni yenyathi, lapho inyoni izitholela khona ukudla ngokususa izinambuzane kubhejane, kuyilapho endala ithola isenzo sokuyisusa. izinambuzane futhi azithole elungiswa yinyathi. Noma kunjalo, akubona bonke ubudlelwano be-interspecies obubuhle lobu. Sizothola kulokhu okuthunyelwe ubudlelwano bamandla obunempilo obuncane: i-amensalism.
Kuyini ukuthanda amadoda?
I-Amensalism iyingxenye ye-biology, eyenzeka ngaphezu kwanoma yini ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwezitshalo. Kuyaziwa njenge ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zebhayoloji lapho esinye sezidalwa ezimbili silinyazwa yilobo budlelwano, futhi esinye isidalwa esithintekayo asizwa ushintsho, okungukuthi, ukuthi ubuhlobo nomzimba olimele empeleni abuthathi hlangothi. Ngamanye amagama, ubu-Amensalism benzeka lapho uhlobo olubuthakathaka noma oluncane lungena ebudlelwaneni lapho lulinyazwa uhlobo olukhudlwana futhi / noma oluqinile, futhi esikhundleni salokho uhlobo olugqamile alusoli ngisho nobukhona bezinhlobo ezinkulu.
Ukubhekana ngqo nalolu daba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zobudlelwano be-interspecies, lapho kuya ngokudla kwabo, usayizi nezinye izinhlobo zezici, ubuhlobo obuyingozi noma obungathathi hlangothi bungaba khona phakathi kwabo. I-Amensalism ngokwayo ayiyimbi kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo, kepha lokhu kuhlangana kumelela ngasikhathi sinye ukwedlula ngakunye kwabo njengengxenye yomjikelezo wempilo.
I-Amensalism kuma-microorganisms
Esinye sezibonelo ezivame kakhulu lapho kukhulunywa nge-amensalism yilelo lama-antibiotic. Ezinye zikhiqizwa izinto eziphilayo; kungaba ngamagciwane, isikhunta noma izinhlamvu. Ezinye zenziwe ngokwemvelo, kungaba yingxenye noma ngokugcwele. Ngamanye amagama, zenziwe ngokungeyikho. IPenicillin ingenye yama-antibiotic aziwa kakhulu.
Ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nesifo esithathelwanayo bubizwa ngokuthi i-antibiotic, futhi wuhlobo lobudlelwano olwenzeka lapho esinye sezidalwa sonakaliswa noma sibulawa isenzo esinye. Amensalism, obizwa nangokuthi ukuphikisana, ubuhlobo obubi lapho endaweni “emincane” esinye sezidalwa sakha izimo ezingabekezeleleki kwabanye abantu; yingakho i-antibiotic iwuhlobo oluthile lwe-amensalism, ngoba i-antibiotic idala izimo igciwane elingenakukubekezelela, yingakho ligcina selifa.
Amensalism emvelweni
Kwezemvelo kukhona ubudlelwane "bokuncintisana" phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Abaningi bethu bajwayelene nefilosofi yokuzingela noma yokuzingelwa eyenzeka ehlathini. Yonke into ekhona Kumele enze umzabalazo wokusinda esimweni esihambelana nendawo yakhe yokuhlala. Ngale ndlela, lo mncintiswano ungenzeka ezindaweni ezinkulu njengolwandle uqobo, noma ezindaweni ezincane njengodaka ngemuva kwemvula.
Ukuphikisana kungaholela lapho kuhlala khona indawo lapho isidalwa sesivele sesizinzile kuyo, okungadala ukuthi indawo ibe nezimo ezingazinzi futhi ezingabekezeleleki impilo yonke engazama ukuzimisa lapho.
Kwamanye amahlathi, njengalawo asehlathini lase-Amazon, izihlahla ezinkudlwana zithola konke ukukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke amancane asala ngemuva. wehlisiwe ukwamukela okungase kufike kubo, futhi ezimweni lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungavunyelwe, njengoba isihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke sithatha ngokuphelele, akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokufa ngokushoda kwaso.
Kwenziwa kanjani?
Indlela ukuphikisana okusebenza ngayo imvamisa kungokwakhiwa kwezinto ezinobuthi ezivimbela abanye abantu ukuthi bangaveli ngenkathi bezungezile. Lezi zinto zivame ukukhiqizwa ngama-microorganisms.
Lapho umzimba uzimisa endaweni, umuzwa wakhe wokusinda ubeka ukuthi kumele enze konke okusemandleni ukuze ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingabi lapho, ayikwazi ukubekezelela isikhala noma ayikwazi ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwaso. Lokhu akuhlukaniswa njengobudlelwano obuhle bomzimba uqobo, kepha kunalokho ubuhlobo obungathathi hlangothi ngokwabo, kepha bulimaza zonke ezinye izinhlobo.
Ukuphikisana nokuncintisana
Kungahle kube iqiniso lokuthi abantu baphambanisa ukuphikisana nobunye ubudlelwane obudlondlobala emvelweni okungukuthi "komncintiswano", okuyiwona onamandla okulwa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ukuze kutholakale izinsiza, kungaba ngamanzi, ukudla noma isikhala nomaphi lapho bangahlala khona.
Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi umncintiswano kungumdlalo wamandla wokuhlukanisa indawo enenzuzo kowinayo; ngokuphikisana, lowo owenza isenzo sokukhawulelwa akatholi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzuzo yangempela.
Ezinye izibonelo zamandla
- Lapho izilwane zinyathela amakhambi endaweni ngaphandle kokuwasebenzisa, lokhu kudala ukuthi ezinye izilwane azikwazi ukudla amakhambi ashiwo.
- Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu yileso se-redwoods, okuthi uma sikhula singavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga kudlule ngaphansi kwamagatsha awo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile ngeke kube khona izitshalo noma izihlahlana ezikhula eduze kwazo ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya.
- Lapho, ngenxa yokungalingani okuthile okungokwemvelo, inani le-algae liyanda, ukwanda kobuthi besibalo sabantu kungakhiqizwa, kubangele izilwane ukuthi zidakwe uma zizidla, noma izinhlanzi nezinto eziphilayo ezizungeze zona zilinyazwa ubuthi.
- Umnyovu ozalela amaqanda ezimbonini udala isimo se-amensalism, ngoba lapho kuzalwa intsha yomuvu bayodla i-aphid.
- Amaqabunga ophayini awela phansi akhiqiza into enobuthi evimbela ukuhluma kwembewu lapho iwela khona.
- I-Eucalyptus ifihla into evimbela futhi ivimbe ukukhula kwezinye izitshalo ezizungezile.
Umuntu
Lo ophikisana naye omkhulu udinga indawo yakhe esitebhisini ngoba nguyena odala umonakalo omkhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu badala umonakalo omkhulu ezilwaneni zasendle, ukuzijabulisa nje noma kungasizi ngalutho. Ukuthatha izilwane zasendle njengezilwane ezifuywayo, noma ukudala ukubhujiswa kwemvelo yazo, kubangele ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zingabikho kuyo ngokungcolisa amachibi abo namahlathi, okunganikeli ngalutho kubantu. Lokhu ukungenelela kwe-anthropometric okulimaza ezinye izinhlobo lapho umuntu engatholi nzuzo khona.
Imiphumela nokubaluleka
Lapho ubudlelwane be-symbiotic buvame ukwenzeka, zombili izinto eziphilayo ezizifezayo zizuza ngandlela thile ebudlelwaneni. Ebudlelwaneni bokuncintisana, yinye kuphela yezinhlangano ehlomulayo ngemuva kokulwela insiza ethile noma insimu ethile. Ngenkathi ebudlelwaneni be-amensalism, into kuphela etholakalayo yilokho esinye sezinto ezilimele kakhulu. Kungabangelwa ukungenelela kwe-anthropometric, noma phakathi kwezinhlobo zanoma yimiphi eminye imibuso, ngenkathi esinye isidalwa empeleni singasoli nokuba khona kwalowo owedlule.
Kulezi zimo, omunye wemiphumela engaba khona ukwehla nokunyamalala kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala. Ngemuva kwakho konke, esikhundleni sokubhekwa njengobudlelwano obusebenzisekayo, i-amensalism noma i-antagonism ubuhlobo bebhayoloji obungasizi ngalutho kunoma yiluphi uhlobo.