Kubalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo yimigomo ukubekezelelana, ukuncika nokulutha uma kukhulunywa ngokuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi kadokotela, njengokunciphisa izinhlungu ze-opioid. Ngeshwa, lawa magama ajwayele ukusetshenziswa kabi ngabachwepheshe kanye nabantu ngokufanayo, okuholela enkolelweni eyiphutha yokuthi ukubekezela, ukuthembela, nokulutha kungamagama ahlukile ento efanayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwala magama kungaholela ekuqondeni kangcono izingozi zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Ngalo mqondo, Ukuze uqonde ukubekezelelana kwezidakamizwa notshwala, kuzodingeka futhi wazi ukuthi kuyini ukulutha noma ukuncika.
Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwale mibono ukuthi ukubekezelelana nokuncika kubhekisa emiphumeleni ebonakalayo yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulutha umlutha yigama elichazayo elisho isidingo sokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi njengokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Izidakamizwa eziholela ekukhuleni kokubekezelelana kanye nokuncika ngokomzimba zihlala zinamandla okudala ukulutha, kepha hhayi njalo.
Kuyini ukubekezelelana?
Ukubekezelelana kuchazwa njengokwehla kwempendulo yomuntu emuthini okuwumphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindwayo. Ukubekezelelana kungumphumela womzimba wokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuphindaphindwayo, hhayi uphawu lokulutha.
Isibonelo, iziguli ezibuhlungu ezingapheli zivame ukuhlakulela ukubekezelela eminye imiphumela yemithi yobuhlungu kadokotela ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa umlutha wazo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokubekezelelana esizochaza ngezansi.
Ukubekezelelana okunamandla
Ukubekezelelana okunamandla noma okwesikhashana kubangelwa ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe komuthi esikhathini esifushane. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-cocoaine kuvame ukubangela ukubekezelelana okukhulu. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ngemuva komthamo wokuqala we-cocaine, izifundo zokuhlolwa ziba nokuthokoza okuphezulu nokwenyuka kokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuphindwa kabili kwezidakamizwa egazini, umthamo wesibili wecocaine emaminithini angama-40 kamuva awukhiqizi ukwanda okuncike kumthamo emiphumeleni 'emihle' yomuthi. kufaka phakathi ukwanda okwengeziwe kokushaya kwenhliziyo noma umfutho wegazi.
Ukubekezelelana okungapheli
Ukubekezelelana kwesikhathi eside noma okungapheli kuyenzeka lapho umzimba womuntu uguqukela ekuchayekeni okuhlala njalo kumuthi ngaphezulu kwamasonto noma izinyanga. Abantu abahlukumeza njalo ama-opioid kadokotela bakhulisa ukubekezelela okungapheli emiphumeleni ejabulisayo yale mithi, okuholela iningi labo ukukhulisa umthamo othathiwe noma ukushintshela ezindleleni ezinamandla zokuphuza le mithi, njengokuthimula noma ukujova umuthi.
Ufunde ukubekezelelana
Ukubekezelelana okufundiwe kungavela ekuvezeni njalo izidakamizwa ezithile. Isibonelo, abantu abasebenzisa kabi utshwala izinyanga noma iminyaka kaningi ababonakali bedakiwe njengawo wonke umuntu. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lukhombisile ukuthi abaphuzayo bangakwazi ukunxephezela imiphumela yotshwala ekusebenzisaneni kwabo lapho bephindaphinda umsebenzi bephuzile.. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubekezelelana kuyanyamalala uma ukuphathwa kuguqulwa.
Ekugcineni, izidakamizwa eziningi zinomphumela ongaphezu kowodwa, futhi ukubekezelelana akusho ukuthi kukhula ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imiphumela. Abasebenzisi be-opioid engekho emthethweni nencwadi kadokotela, efana ne-heroin noma i-oxycodone (i-OxyContin), basheshe bakhulise ukubekezelelana okuphezulu kwalezi zidakamizwa ezikhiqizayo, kepha hhayi emiphumeleni eyingozi yokudangala komoya (kwehle izinga lokuphefumula). Abahlukumezi be-opioid abathatha imithamo emikhulu yale mithi ukunqoba ukubekezelelana futhi bakhuphuke kaningi balaliswa esibhedlela, noma bafe, ngoba bayayeka ukuphefumula njengemiphumela emibi.
Ukuthembela nokulutha
Uma usukwazi ukuthi ukubekezelela izidakamizwa notshwala nokuthi kumayelana nani, sizokutshela ukuthi ukuthembela nokulutha kuyini ukuze ngokuzayo, ungadidanisi imigomo futhi wazi ukuthi ngamunye ubhekisa kuphi esimweni ngasinye.
Ukuzithoba
Amagama ukuncika nokulutha kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokungafani, kepha kukhona umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ngokwemigomo yezokwelapha, ukuncika kubhekisa ngqo esimweni somzimba lapho umzimba uzivumelanise khona nomuthi. Uma umuntu onokwesaba izidakamizwa ngokungazelelwe eyeka ukuthatha lowo muthi, lowo muntu uzohlangabezana nezimpawu ezingalindeleka futhi zikalwe, ezaziwa njengezimpawu zokuhoxa.
Yize ukuthembela kuvame ukuba yingxenye yokulutha, izidakamizwa ezingezona umlutha nazo zingadala ukuthembela ezigulini. Isibonelo esihle i-prednisone, uhlobo lokwenziwa kwe-steroid hormone cortisol esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifuba somoya, ukungezwani komzimba, isifo sikaCrohn nezinye izimo eziningi zokuvuvukala.. IPrednisone ayaziwa ukuthi iyalutha. Kodwa-ke, uma isiguli sithathe i-prednisone amasonto ambalwa bese eyeka ngokuzumayo, kungenzeka uhlupheke ngezimpawu zokuhoxa njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nobuhlungu bamalunga.
Ukuncika kudalwa yizinguquko emzimbeni ngenxa yokuchayeka njalo emthini. Endabeni ye-prednisone, umzimba uvumelana nezilinganiso eziphindaphindwayo zomuthi ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwe-cortisol, okungashiya umzimba ngaphandle kwezinga lokuqala le-cortisol 'support' lapho i-prednisone ingasasebenzi, okuholela ezimpawu zokuhoxa kwe-steroid kuze kubuyiselwe ibhalansi.
Umlutha
Umlutha yisifo sobuchopho esingalapheki nesiphindaphindeka esivezwa ukufuna nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okuphoqelela, naphezu kwemiphumela emibi. Ngamanye amagama, ukulutheka kuyisifiso esinamandla noma esingalawuleki sokusebenzisa umuthi, futhi lokhu kuphoqelelwa kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kungabuya kungalindelekile ngemuva kwesikhathi sokwenza ngcono.
Umlutha yisimo esingokwengqondo esichaza isibopho sokuthatha isidakamizwa noma ukuzibandakanya kwezinye izindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi. Abantu bangathuthukisa ukulutha izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, izidakamizwa kadokotela, ngisho nemisebenzi efana nokugembula. Izidakamizwa ziyaphikelela futhi abantu abayimilutha bangabuyela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ngemuva kweminyaka yokuyeka.
Yize ukulutheka bekubhekwa njengophawu lobuthakathaka bokuziphatha, manje sekuthathwa njengabantu abaningi emkhakheni wezokwelapha nokuluthwa kwezidakamizwa njengesimo esivela ngokuhlangana nezinguquko ebuchosheni ezibangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwemilutha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe zonke izidakamizwa eziluthayo zisebenza ngqo noma ngokungaqondile indawo yobuchopho, i-nucleus accumbens, evame ukukhuthazwa yimisebenzi evuzayo ngokwemvelo ebalulekile ekusindeni, njengokudla, ukuya ocansini, noma ukuchitha isikhathi nabangane.
Kubuchopho obuyimilutha, ukuthola nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa kungabonakala njengokuyindaba yokuphila nokufa. Izidakamizwa eziluthayo zikhuthaza injabulo nokukhuthaza izindlela ebuchosheni ngokuqinile kakhulu kunemivuzo yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvezwa okuphindaphindiwe kwale mithi ingakhohlisa ubuchopho ukuthi ibeke phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngaphezu kwemisebenzi ejwayelekile, enempilo.