Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweRaven? Ukuthuthukiswa nezici

Ngihlakaniphe kangakanani? Umbuzo odale izingxabano zangaphakathi kumuntu selokhu kwasungulwa lo mqondo. Kodwa-ke, ukuzimisela nokwabiwa kwe- inani lobuhlakani Akulula nakancane, ngoba ukulinganiswa kwayo akukhona nje ngokufundwa kwenani kuthuluzi elithile elinqunyiwe. Konke bekungaba lula kakhulu, uma isikali sezobunhloli besingafundwa ngqo, njengoba nje nge-thermometer sifunda inani lokushisa emzimbeni noma phakathi.

Ubunzima ekunikezeni inani lezobunhloli busekubeni ubuhlakani yigama elizimele, futhi akukho ukuvumelana okujwayelekile okulingana zonke izindawo ezikulo.

Ngokuvamile, ubuhlakani bungachazwa njengobuchwepheshe bengqondo ukucabanga, ukuqonda nokuthola ulwazi oluthile futhi ngenhloso yokwakha izindlela zokulinganisa eziqondile, izivivinyo ezaziwayo zokuqonda zenziwe, futhi phakathi kwazo kwaba ukuhlolwa kweRaven, inquma, ngokusebenzisa ama-matrices, i-factor of intelligence.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa nguJohn Raven ngezinhloso zocwaningo; Kepha lolu vivinyo, lapho izinga lamasiko nokusetshenziswa kolimi olukhulunywayo kungazange kuthathwe njengezinto ezikhawulelayo, kuzoba isivivinyo esibalulekile emkhakheni wezemfundo. Esinye isici esinqume ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwesivivinyo seRaven kube lula kokusetshenziswa nokuchazwa kwaso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenziwa, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kunqunywa iminyaka namakhono ento ezohlolwa.

Kukala amandla obuhlakani obujwayelekile (i-factor g), kusetshenziswa ukuqhathanisa amafomu nokucabanga okususelwa kuma-analogies, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olutholile. Ngokusebenzisa kwayo, ulwazi luyatholakala emandleni okucabanga, kuphoqelela ukucabanga kwe-analog, ukubona kanye namandla okukhipha ukuze kuqale ukusebenza.

Izici zesivivinyo seRaven

Ukuhlolwa kokuqonda kuthuthukiswe ukukala izinto ezahlukahlukene, futhi ezivame ukuqhathanisa zengxenye yokuqonda, izindawo lapho isilinganiso sokuthuthuka sigxile khona kukuhle kokulandelayo:

• Ikhono elinengqondo-lezibalo.
• Ukushelela ngamazwi.
• Umbono wesikhala.
• Imemori.

Isivivinyo sikaRaven sigxile esilinganisweni se- ukucabanga kwe-analog, amandla okususa nokuqonda.

Kusetshenziswa matrices

Inhloso ebalulekile eqondise ukuthuthukiswa kweMatrices bekungukuhlinzeka ochwepheshe bePsychology, Psychiatry kanye ne-Neurology, Ezemfundo kanye nomkhakha wabasebenzi ngokuhlolwa kwesizukulwane esisha okuzotholwa kuso izilinganiso.zobuhlakani obujwayelekile ngokushesha, kalula futhi ngokunembile. Kuze kube manje, kwenziwe umzamo wokunikeza izimpendulo nezixazululo ezidingweni zokuhlola zalesi sici emikhakheni eyahlukene yobungcweti. Phakathi kweminikelo efanele yeMatrices kule njongo, okulandelayo kugqamile:

• Ukulinganiswa kobuhlakani okususelwa kuzikhuthazi ezingezona ezomlomo
• Ububanzi besicelo obubanzi kakhulu, obufaka izifundo ezineminyaka ephakathi kwengu-6 nengama-74, okuvumela umuntu ukuthi alandelwe isikhathi eside somjikelezo wempilo yakhe esebenzisa isivivinyo esisodwa.
• Ithola usizo lwayo olukhulu endaweni yokufaka izivivinyo ngezinjongo zemfundo, ngoba iyithuluzi lokuhlola inqubekela phambili yomfundi, kuyo yonke imfundo yabo yesikole.
• Sebenza ngamazinga ahlukene, aklanyelwe ukulingana ileveli yokuqina yeminyaka ehlukene yobudala. Amatriki akhiwa emazingeni ayisithupha, okuhloswe ngawo ukuhlola izingane zesikole ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwengqondo.
• Ukuhlolwa okususelwa kumatrix kubonakaliswa ngokwethula ukuhlangana okuhle emiphumeleni, okunquma ukuthi kunesimo esigcinwayo esinqumweni sesivivinyo esichaza izinga lomqondo lomuntu, noma ngabe yiluphi uvivinyo athunyelwa kulo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-G factor

I-G factor yakha ubuciko obuthuthukiswe ngenhloso yokusebenza njengezinga lobuhlakani obujwayelekile, ekwenzeni uphenyo i-psychometric ngamakhono okuqonda abantu. Kuyinto eguquguqukayo evimbela ukuhlangana okuhle okuhlukahlukene phakathi kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuqonda futhi ekhombisa ukuthi abantu ababili bangaqhathaniswa ngokususelwa ekusebenzeni kwabo ekwenzeni umsebenzi, noma ngabe ubunjalo bawo buhlukile kulowo nalowo.

Isici se-g sisuselwa kudivayisi yezibalo, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-factor analysis, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuqoqa okuguquguqukayo okubonakalayo kusethi yokuguquguqukayo okwenziwe kamuva, okuyizilinganiso ezingatholakali ukukalwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kwakhiwa kunwetshwe yisazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseBrithani uCharles Spearman, othole njengesisekelo sezinto ezimbili, ezithathwa ngudokotela wezengqondo njengezincazelo zobuhlakani babantu:

• Amandla okucabanga kahle ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ithuba lokugcina nokukhiqiza kabusha imininingwane.

I-factor g imele inani lokuqagela imvamisa okuyisisekelo okwakhelwe kuso izivivinyo zengqondo, ngoba inokubaluleka kokuchaza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu ngabanye. ekusebenzeni kokuhlolwa kwengqondo okuhlukahlukene, kungakhathalekile okuqukethwe isivivinyo.

Ukuhlolwa okungekho ngamazwi

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwayo, uchungechunge lwamapuleti angama-60 lunikezwa ngemifanekiso okufanele ihunyushwe kahle, ukuze kuqedelwe ukulandelana okwethulwayo. Isebenza ngamaphethini okumele ahlukaniswe ngumuntu ohlolwayo. Ulimi olubhalwayo alusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke lungasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezingakathuthukiBafunda amakhono okufunda nokubhala.

Ihlola ikhono lokuhlela

Amandla okuhlela achazwa njengekhono lokukhipha ubudlelwano kanye nokuhlangana kolwazi olwethulwa ngendlela engahlelekile nengahlelekile. Isivivinyo seRaven silinganisa ikhono lokucacisa lobo budlelwano obungabonakali ngokushesha kumqapheli.

Ukuthuthuka kwaleli khono kuxhumene namandla obuhlakani bokuqhathanisa ubujamo kanye nokucabanga okufana nokufana, nokuzimela okuphelele kulwazi olutholakele, kube yisici esinqumayo ekusebenzeni kwengqondo ephezulu.