Ukukhishwa kobuciko njengokuzalwa kabusha kwesimanje

Ukukhishwa kwe-Lyrical kwaziwa njengomkhuba okhona ngaphakathi komdwebo ongabonakali, futhi lokho kwaqala ngo-1910, okuwunyaka othathwa njengesethenjwa sokumaka ukuqala komdwebo ongabonakali.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, umdwebi waseRussia UVasili Kandinsky udale umdwebo ozokhomba ukuqala komdwebo ongabonakali, futhi abone kufanele ukuthi aqambe igama ngqo "i-watercolor yokuqala engabonakali”. Kwakuwumsebenzi wokuqala we-avant-garde owenziwe kule nhlangano futhi owokuqala owenza uKandinsky ubaba wokukhishwa.

Lo mkhuba wabonakala ngokungafuni ukudala amafomu afanayo ukumela okungokoqobo, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza abantu kufanele bathole ukuvela kwabo ngemidwebo enjalo.

Intshisekelo yakhe enkulu kwakungukwakha amafomu amasha lokho zwakalisa imizwa eqala ekuqaleni, nokuthi emphakathini bebengamele lutho, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela bangaxhumana kakhulu nemizwa yomculi, ngokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele umongo wangempela.

Indlela eyintandokazi yabadwebi balomkhuba omusha kwakuyi-watercolor, futhi badweba imidwebo namanothi amancane ngendlela efanayo; nokho, abanye babo bapenda imidwebo emikhulu kawoyela eyayigcwele imizwa nentshisekelo. Kulo mkhuba, okwakudalulwa kwakuwumbala ongaphezulu kokuma, imibala ehlukene yemibala kwakuyindlela yokumelela umuzwa ngamunye oweqa ingqondo yomculi.

Iziqalo

Ngawo-1910, abaculi abaningi bezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene "babezama" ukuthambekela kokukhishwa, okwakungabizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ngamunye ngamunye ngokombono wabo oyingqayizivele.

Ukunikeza isibonelo esisodwa, abaculi beCubist kanye neFuturist basebenze nezithombe zangempela, abaziguqula ngamabomu ukuveza imibono nobunjalo obungaqondakali. AmaSupremacists namaConstructivists asebenzise amafomu angempela futhi abonakalayo kubuciko bawo, kepha babanikeza incazelo engokomfanekiso eyayingafuni ukumela lokho okwakubonakala, futhi lokho kwakuyindida. Kodwa-ke, elinye iqembu labaculi lisondele ekukhipheni ngendlela ehluke kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye.

Iholwa nguVasili Kandinski, leli qembu lalitshalwe kumkhuba wokukhipha ngokombono wokungazi incazelo eyayingafihlwa kulokho ababekudweba.

Babelindele lokho umdwebo wefomu yamahhala, futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma imuphi umongo obonakalayo noma ifomu bangakhombisa umhlaba emidwebweni yabo incazelo yento entsha nengaziwa. UKandinsky, ngokwesibonelo, wasekela imidwebo yakhe ezingomeni zomculo, adlulisa ngazo imizwa ngendlela engaqondakali ngokuphelele.

Imidwebo yakhe kulo mkhakha yayinothando, i-subjective, imizwa, icabanga futhi iveza. Ngamanye amagama: izingoma.

Ukukhishwa kobuciko ngemuva kwempi

Ukuqanjwa komculo kaKandinski kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela eziningi zobuciko ezazikhona kakhulu ngeminyaka yo-1920 kanye neye-1930. Ubuciko bakhe abuzange buhlotshaniswe ngqo nenkolo, kodwa ngandlela-thile kwakukhona ukuhlangana okomoya okuhlala kukhona emsebenzini wakhe.

Abaculi abahlotshaniswa nezinye izikole zobuciko, njenge-Art Concret ne-Surrealism, bafune ngemidwebo yabo ukwenza ubuciko obabuyinto elula, yize yayingeyasemhlabeni futhi i-avant-garde, yayilula ngokwanele ukuba izilaleli zikubone futhi zikuchaze.

UKandinsky Bengifuna ifomu lobuciko ebelingachazwa ngokuphelele noma lichazwe; umuntu ngamunye owabona wayezothola incazelo yomuntu siqu yokubaqondisa ngaphakathi komphefumulo wabo. Uveze ukuxhumana kwakhe nezimfihlakalo zendawo yonke ngendlela evuleke kakhulu. Kwakungathi usungule uhlobo lwezinto ezingokomoya ezikhona.

I-Existentialism kwakuyifilosofi eyathola abalandeli abaningi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili; lapho abantu befuna ukuqonda ukuthi yini kubo okwakungabalulekile empilweni. Abacabangi ababucayi abakwazanga ukucabanga ngamandla amakhulu angavumela inani lokubhujiswa abakubonile.

Kepha esikhundleni se bona umsebenzi wabo ukhonjwe ukungabi bikho kukaNkulunkulu, Abaculi be-existentialist baphendukela ekuboniseni ukungabaluleki kwempilo uqobo, futhi kwaba ukufuna ubukhona obenza ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-lyrical kuvele ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

Ngalezo zikhathi, impilo yobuciko yamadolobha amakhulu afana neParis, yayishiswe isisekelo sayo ngumsebenzi wamaNazi, ngoba ubuciko be-avant-garde babungavunyelwe ukukhonjiswa, ngoba abadwebi abakhulu baseJalimane kuphela ababengabonisa ubuciko babo, kwakuyisimemezelo esisha sobukhulu bama-Aryan. U-Adolf Hitler uqobo angathi ngomsebenzi kaKandinski: “Kubukeka njengomsebenzi wobudlabha womuntu ongenathalente oneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala".

Kepha ngemuva kokukhululwa kweParis ngo-1944, impilo yobuciko yaphinde yaqala ukundiza, ihambisana nabaculi abangabonakali abathukuthelisa uFührer.

Ukunyakaza kwe-Lyrical esikhathini samanje

Emashumini eminyaka okuqala ekhulu lama-60, abaculi abanjengoKandinski, u-Alberto Giacometti, uJean Fautrier, noPaul Klee babeka izisekelo zamathrekhi omculo wokukhipha. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, abanye abaculi abanjengoGeorges Mathieu, Pierre Soulages noJoan Mitchell baqhubeka nokuqhubeka nabo. Kamuva, maphakathi nawo-70 kanye nawo-XNUMX, abaculi abanjengoHelen Frankenthaler, uJules Olitski, nabanye inqwaba yabaculi bavuselela lo mkhuba ngezakhiwo ezintsha, futhi ngawo kwasabalalisa ukubaluleka kwesikhundla.

Ngo-2015, elinye lamazwi amakhulu kunawo wonke emnyakazweni wokukhipha izingoma, umculi waseSpain uLaurent Jiménez-Balaguer, wadlula emhlabeni. Kepha zabo imiqondo, amasu kanye nemibono isekhona emsebenzini wabaculi abaningi njengoMargaret Neill, izingoma zakhe ezingokwemvelo zomculo zimema umbukeli ukuthi abambe iqhaza langempela nencazelo yemisebenzi yakhe.

Okugcina, futhi okuzogcina laba baculi abaningi bezingoma bebumbene, yisifiso sokuveza okuthile okungokomzwelo, okuzithobayo futhi okunothando, nokwenza kanjalo ngendlela enezinkondlo futhi engaqondakali.

Izici

Ngaphandle kokuthi le yinhlangano yobuciko engahlukaniswa kahle phakathi kwemithetho yokuhlubuka nokungahambelani, imisebenzi ehambelana nokunyakaza okungaqondakali kufanele ibe nezici ezithile ezibenza babe yilokho abayikho.

• Kumele ibe nokuqukethwe okungokomzwelo, hhayi kuphela exhunywe kumculi, kodwa futhi nakumbukeli ozojabulela umdwebo wakhe.
• Kufanele ube nomyalezo obalulekile ukuxhumana nomhlaba.
• Kufanele ube isisekelo sesimo esingokomoya esifanele kumdwebi. Izinto azithandayo zimenza abe yilokho ayikho. Indlela yokuzihlanganisa nalabo abathanda umdwebo wakho.
• Limele imibala ehlukahlukene, ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwezinto, lapho umbala uvamise ukwedlula ifomu.
• Unesifiso sokuhlola imibono nencazelo enganikezwa kulo mdwebo okukhulunywa ngawo. Akanantshisekelo ezimfundisweni ezingenalutho zobuciko.

Abaculi bezokuhamba

• UVasili Kandinski (1866-1944)
• UHenri Michaux (1899-1984)
• UHans Hartung (1904-1989)
• UGeorges Mathieu (1921-2012)
• UHelen Frankenthaler (1928-2011)

Ukunyakaza kokukhishwa kobuciko namuhla

Ezikhathini zethu zanamuhla, ubuciko be-lyrical abstract busamile. Abaculi abaningi abasha besikhathi samanje bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ezinyathelweni zababengaphambi kwabo kuleli gatsha lobuciko.

UMarilyn Kirsch ungomunye wabaculi ababona kahle kulo mkhakha, futhi ungomunye wabadume kakhulu. Her iveza umsebenzi wokucabanga ngesimo somuntu, ngaphezu kokufuna indlela yokuzinika lokho esingakubheka njengombono wekusasa.