Wake waqaphela ukuthi empeleni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokumamatheka: ukumamatheka kwangempela nokukhohlisayo? Lo mehluko ubenesithakazelo kubacwaningi isikhathi eside. Eqinisweni, ukumamatheka kwangempela kunegama. Ibizwa ngokuthi "ukumamatheka kweDuchenne" kwe- udokotela waseFrance uGuillaume Duchenne, owafunda ngomzimba wobuso.
Ukumamatheka kukaDuchenne kufaka phakathi ukusikwa ngokuzithandela nokungazibandakanyi kwemisipha emibili: i-zygomaticus enkulu (ephakamisa izingxenyana zomlomo) kanye ne-orbicularis oculi (ukukhulisa izihlathi nokukhiqiza izinyawo zamagwababa ezungeze amehlo). Ukumamatheka okungamanga kusho ukusikwa kuphela kwe-zygomaticus enkulu ngoba asikwazi ngokuzithandela ukuthola imisipha ye-orbicularis oculi.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zokumamatheka
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokumamatheka empeleni zilawulwa izingxenye ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zobuchopho bethu. Lapho isiguli esinomonakalo we-motor cortex engxenyeni engakwesobunxele yobuchopho sizama ukumamatheka, ukumamatheka kuyalingana futhi uhlangothi lwesokunene lokumamatheka aluhambi njengoba kufanele. Kodwa-ke, lapho leso siguli sihleka ngokuzenzekelayo, ukumamatheka kuyinto evamile ngaphandle kwe-asymmetry. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukumamatheka kwangempela kulawulwa enye ingxenye yobuchopho.
Manje, lapho isiguli esilimele i-cingate yangaphakathi (ingxenye yohlelo lwe-limbic) engxenyeni yangakwesobunxele izama ukumamatheka, ayikho i-asymmetry. Ukumamatheka kujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lapho leso siguli sizama ukumamatheka ngokuzenzekelayo, kuvela i-asymmetry.
Ngakho-ke, ukumamatheka okungamanga kulawulwa yi-motor cortex, ngenkathi ukunyakaza okuhlobene nemizwa, njengokumamatheka kweDuchenne, Zilawulwa uhlelo lwe-limbic (isikhungo somzwelo sobuchopho).
Ukumamatheka okuqotho okudala imizwa emihle
Ngalo mqondo, ukumamatheka kweDuchenne ukumamatheka kwemvelo kokuzijabulisa, okwenziwe ngokuthola imisipha enkulu ye-zygomaticus kanye ne-orbicularis oculi muscle. Lapho ubona othile ekhombisa ukumamatheka kweDuchenne, ngokwemvelo uzizwa unemizwa enhle ngomuntu omomothekayo. Ukumamatheka kwehlukile, kuphakanyiswe umlomo (i-zygomaticus enkulu), izihlathi zaphakanyiswa, namasokhethi wamehlo ayaxega ukudala izinyawo zegwababa (i-orbicularis oculi).
UDuchenne ukhethekile. Ukumamatheka kweDuchenne kwehlukile kokumamatheka okungeyona iDuchenne ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Okokuqala, ukumamatheka kweDuchenne kusebenzisa i-zygomaticus enkulu ne-orbicularis yeso. Ukumamatheka okungeyona iDuchenne akufinyeleli emehlweni, kepha kuhlala ezindebeni kuphela futhi nasezihlathini.
Okwesibili, ukumamatheka kweDuchenne kubhekwa njengokumamatheka kwemvelo kokuzijabulisa. Esikhathini esedlule, ukuvumelana phakathi kwabacwaningi ukuthi ukumomotheka kweqiniso kweDuchenne bekungeke kube mbumbulu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukufaka lokho embuzweni. Manje abacwaningi basebenzisa isikhathi esithe xaxa bezama ukuthola ukuthi sizuza kanjani nokuthi singaveza kanjani ukumamatheka kweDuchenne.
Ukumamatheka kwenjabulo
Kungani ukumamatheka kwenjabulo kungahluka kokunye ukumamatheka? Umehluko phakathi kokuzijabulisa nokunye ukumamatheka kuvela ku-neuroanatomy esebenzayo. Kubonakala kunezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile ze-neural ezilamula isimo sobuso; i-avenue eyodwa yezenzo zobuso bokuzithandela, futhi owesibili wezenzo zobuso ezingazibandakanyi nezingokomzwelo.
Ukunyakaza kobuso bokuzithandela kuqhamuka esiqeshini semigudu yobuchopho bese kufinyelela ebusweni ngohlelo lwezimoto oluyipiramidi. Ukunyakaza kobuso okungazinikeli, njengalezo ezibandakanyeka ekuvezeni imizwa, kuvela ikakhulukazi kwi-subcortical nuclei kanye zifinyelela ebusweni ngohlelo lwemoto lwe-extrapyramidal.
Ungasho kanjani ukuthi ukumamatheka kwenjabulo kungokoqobo
Njengoba sibonisile ngenhla kepha kufanelekile ukuphawula, ngokumamatheka kokuthokozela kwangempela, isikhumba ngaphezulu nangaphansi kweso seluliwe sibheke kunhlamvu yeso, futhi lokhu kuveza izinguquko ezilandelayo ekubukekeni. Izihlathi ziphakanyisiwe; isikhumba ngaphansi kweso singakwazi ukuqoqa noma ukuqhuma; ijwabu leso elingezansi liya phezulu. Izinyawo zikaCrow imibimbi zingavela ekhoneni elingaphandle lesokhethi yamehlo; isikhumba phezu kweso sikhishwe kancane ngaphakathi nangaphakathi; namashiya anyakaza kancane kancane.
Ukumamatheka okungamjabulisi, ngokuhlukile, kukhombisa ukunyakaza okufanayo kwamakhona wezindebe njengokumamatheka kokuzijabulisa, kepha akubandakanyi izinguquko ngenxa yemisipha ezungeze amehlo. Kubukeka ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekukhanyeni kwamehlo, lapho ungabonga khona ngempela uma umuntu emomotheka ngobuqotho, noma cha.
Ukumamatheka mbumbulu
Sonke sihleke ngamanga ngesinye isikhathi ezimpilweni zethu. Ngokumamatheka, ukungabikho kokunyakaza engxenyeni engaphandle yemisipha ezungeza iso (i-orbicularis oculi pars lateralis, ngesiLatini) kwehlukanisa ukumamatheka okungamanga kokungokoqobo. Uma ukumamatheka kumnene noma kukala ngokulinganisela, ukungabi khona kwalokhu kuhamba kulula ukukuthola ngoba azikho izinyawo zegwababa ezikhona futhi izihlathi aziphakanyiswa isenzo semisipha, kunciphisa ukuvuleka kweso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumamatheka okubanzi okwenziwe ngamabomu kuzokhiqiza zonke lezi zimpawu, okwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukuthola lokho okushiwo, ngakho-ke kufanele kufunwe umkhondo ocashile kakhulu: ukwehla okuncane kakhulu kwamashiya nesikhumba phakathi kwamathambo. ijwabu leso eliphezulu, elibizwa ngokuthi isigaxa sokumboza iso. Lo mehluko kunzima ukuwubona, futhi isikhathi esiningi sikhohliswa kalula ukumamatheka okubanzi, okungachaza nokuthi kungani abantu beyisebenzisa njengesifihla-buso esivamile esingokomzwelo.
Ukumamatheka komphakathi
Ukumomotheka komphakathi, kungokoqobo noma kungamanga? Imvamisa banamanga ngoba siyakwenza, "ngoba kufanele kube njalo" hhayi ngoba lokho kumamatheka kuzwakala ngaleso sikhathi, okungenani, ezikhathini eziningi.
Izazi zesayensi yabantu ziphinde zaphawula ukuthi abantu abavela emasikweni ahlukene bayamamatheka ezimweni ezibandakanya imizwa engemihle futhi evumayo, nokuqinisa iziphetho zososayensi bezengqondo ... Laba bantu be-anthropologists baphetha ngokuthi okushiwo ukumamatheka kunqunywe ngokwesiko, ngokujwayelekile, bekungekho ndawo yonke ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa, futhi ikakhulukazi, bekungekho ukubukeka kobuso bomhlaba wonke benjabulo, yize kunezindlela zobuso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zemizwa.